Ibhokisi yeTransformer yoMbane: Izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo ngokuSebenzayo

Intshayelelo

Iibhokisi ze-transformer zombane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokusasazwa kwamandla, ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kombane ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo ukusuka kwizikhululo zokuvelisa amandla ukuya kubasebenzisi bokugqibela. Ezi bhokisi, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-distribution transformers, zizinto ezifunekayo kwiinkqubo zombane, ziguqula amandla aphezulu ombane abe ngamanqanaba aphantsi ombane ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeendawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye nezoshishino. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo zokusebenza kweebhokisi ze-transformer zombane, likhanyise ukubaluleka kwazo kunye nezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha kwaye uzifaka.

Icandelo eliPhambili: iTransformer

Embindini webhokisi nganye yetransformer yombane kukho itransformer ngokwayo. Eli candelo liphambili liqulathe iikhoyili ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zocingo, ezaziwa ngokuba ziiwindings okanye iikhoyili, ezijikelezwe yi-ferromagnetic core. I-primary winding iqhagamshelwe kumthombo wamandla, ngelixa i-secondary winding iqhagamshelwe kumthwalo. I-transformer isebenza ngokomgaqo we-electromagnetic induction, apho umbane oguquguqukayo kwi-winding enye udala i-magnetic field eyahlukileyo, nto leyo ebangela i-voltage kwenye i-winding.

Iitransformer zinokuyilwa ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yevolthi, nto leyo evumela ukuba zinyuse okanye zehlise ivolthi njengoko kufuneka. Xa ukujika okuphambili kuneejika ezimbalwa kuneejika ezisezantsi, itransformer yonyusa ivolthi, nto leyo evumela ukuhanjiswa kombane kumgama omde ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa ukujika okuphambili kuneejika ezisezantsi, itransformer yonyusa ivolthi ukuya kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lokusetyenziswa ngabathengi.

Ityala: Ukhuseleko kunye noKhuseleko

I-transformer igcinwe kwibhokisi eqinileyo nehlala ixesha elide, esebenzela iinjongo ezibalulekileyo ezininzi. Ibhokisi isebenza njengendawo yokukhusela, ikhusela i-transformer kwizinto zangaphandle ezingqongileyo, ezinje ngokufuma, uthuli, kunye nomonakalo woomatshini. Ikhusela izinto zangaphakathi, iqinisekisa ukuba zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ityesi ikwabonelela ngobushushu bombane. Kubalulekile ukufihla ii-windings ze-transformer kunye neendawo zazo ezisengozini ngakumbi, njengee-wire ends, ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwenye nakwityesi ukuthintela i-arcing yombane. I-arcing inokukhokelela kwiisekethe ezimfutshane, umonakalo kwizixhobo, kunye nemililo yombane. Izinto zokufihla ezifana ne-fiberglass, i-epoxy resin, kunye nephepha lomgangatho wombane zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukufaka ii-transformer cases, zibonelela ngomaleko owongezelelweyo wokhuseleko.

Ukuntywiliselwa kwioyile: Ukuphola kunye nokukhusela

Iibhokisi ezininzi ze-transformer zombane zintywiliselwa kwi-oyile. Le oyile ineenjongo ezininzi, ikakhulu isebenza njenge-coolant kunye ne-dielectric insulator. Ukupholisa kubalulekile njengoko ii-transformer zinokuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yi-resistance kwi-windings kunye ne-core. Ioyile ejikeleze iinxalenye ze-transformer iyawususa lo bushushu, iqinisekisa amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo okusebenza kwaye ithintele ubushushu obugqithisileyo.

Ukongeza, ioyile ekwi-transformer isebenza njenge-dielectric medium, inika ubushushu phakathi kwee-windings kunye ne-transformer case. Olu bushushu lunceda ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kombane kwaye lukhusela kwi-voltage surges kunye ne-short circuits. Ngaphezu koko, ioyile ikwanceda ukuphelisa iziphumo zokukhupha i-corona, into eyenzekayo xa i-voltage ephezulu ibangela i-ionization yendawo yomoya ojikelezileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekonakaleni kwezixhobo kunye nokulahleka kwamandla.

Itshintshi yeTap: Ulawulo lweVoltage

Ulawulo lwevolthi luphawu olubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokusasazwa kombane ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kombane okuthembekileyo nokuzinzileyo. Iibhokisi zetransformer zifumana ulawulo lwevolthi ngokufakwa kwe-tap changer. I-tap changer ivumela ukulungiswa komlinganiselo wokujika kwe-transformer, okuvumela ukulungiswa kwevolthi ukubuyisela ukuguquguquka kwigridi yombane.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zokutshintsha itephu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo: izixhobo zokutshintsha itephu ezikwi-load (OLTC) kunye nezixhobo zokutshintsha itephu ezikwi-off-load (OLTC). Ii-OLTC zenza kube lula ukulungiswa kwe-voltage ngelixa i-transformer inikwe amandla, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zifaneleke kwizicelo ezifuna utshintsho oluqhubekayo, njengakwiinkqubo zokuhambisa umbane. Kwelinye icala, ii-OLTC zifuna ukususwa kwamandla e-transformer ukuze kulungiswe i-voltage, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiimeko apho utshintsho olungalindelekanga lungalindelekanga, njengakwiinethiwekhi zokusasaza okanye kwiindawo zoshishino.

Iinkqubo zoKhuselo nokubeka iliso: Ukuthembeka noKhuseleko

Iibhokisi ze-transformer zombane ziquka iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela nokubeka esweni ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuthembekileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Ezi nkqubo zikhusela i-transformer kwizinto ezinokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza, ukungaphumeleli, kunye neziganeko ezimbi ezifana nemililo.

Enye inkqubo ebalulekileyo yokukhusela kukukhusela umbane ogqithisileyo, okuthintela ukuhamba kombane ogqithisileyo okunokonakalisa ii-windings kunye nezinye izinto zangaphakathi. Izixhobo zokukhusela umbane ogqithisileyo, ezifana nee-fuses kunye nee-circuit breakers, zibekwe ngokulandelelana kunye ne-primary winding ye-transformer ukuze kuthintelwe ukuhamba kombane xa udlula umda omiselweyo.

Ukongeza, ukhuseleko lwe-voltage lusetyenziswa ukuthintela ukunyuka kwe-voltage okunokonakalisa i-transformer okanye izixhobo ezixhunyiweyo. Izithinteli zokukhuphuka kwe-surge, eziqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye nee-windings ze-transformer, zithutha i-voltage engaphezulu ziye emhlabeni, zikhusela i-transformer kwimiphumo eyonakalisayo ye-voltage spikes.

Iitransformer zikwabandakanya iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo ngokufanelekileyo. Iisensa zobushushu zihlala zifakelwa ukujonga ubushushu bokusebenza kwetransformer kwaye ziqalise ii-alamu okanye ukucima ukuba ubushushu budlula imida ekhuselekileyo. Iisensa zomgangatho weoyile kunye neesensa zoxinzelelo nazo zisetyenziselwa ukujonga inqanaba leoyile yetransformer kunye noxinzelelo, ukuthintela naziphi na iimeko ezinokuthi zibeke emngciphekweni ukusebenza kwayo.

Isiphelo

Iibhokisi zetransformer zombane zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokusasazwa kwamandla, nto leyo evumela ukuhanjiswa kombane ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kubasebenzisi bokugqibela. Ukuqonda izinto zazo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo ekusebenzeni kubalulekile xa ukhetha kwaye ufaka ezi transformer. Ukusuka kwitransformer eyintloko ukuya kwityala lokukhusela, ukuntywiliselwa kweoyile, i-tap changer, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela nokubeka iliso, icandelo ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukunikezelwa kombane okuthembekileyo ngelixa likhusela ukuthembeka kwetransformer. Ngokuqwalasela ezi zinto kunye nokukhetha ibhokisi yetransformer yombane efanelekileyo, umntu unokuqinisekisa inkqubo yokusasazwa kombane eqinileyo nesebenzayo kwiindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye nezoshishino.