Isayensi Engasemva Kwezinto Eziphambili ZeTransformer

Iitransformer zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zamandla ombane, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusasazweni kwamandla. Zinoxanduva lokunyusa okanye ukwehlisa amanqanaba e-voltage ukuze zidlulise umbane ngokufanelekileyo kumgama omde. Emva kokusebenza kwazo ngokufanelekileyo kukho isayensi yezinto eziphambili zetransformer. Iitransformer cores zakhiwe ngezinto ezithile ezineempawu ezizodwa zombane kunye nemagnethi, ezizivumela ukuba zidlulise amandla ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka kwenye ikhoyili ukuya kwenye. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga kwihlabathi lezinto eziphambili zetransformer, siqonde ukwakheka kwazo, iimpawu, kunye nemigaqo yesayensi ezenza zibe zilungele le ndima ibalulekileyo.

Ukuqonda iiTransformers kunye nezixhobo zazo eziphambili

Iitransformer zizixhobo ze-electromagnetic ezisebenza ngokwemigaqo yokungenisa i-electromagnetic. Itransformer ineeseti ezimbini zeekhoyili, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-primary coil kunye ne-secondary coil, ezijikeleze i-core. Izinto eziphambili ze-transformer ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-transformers kwaye zinegalelo ekusebenzeni kwazo ngokufanelekileyo. Izinto eziphambili zinoxanduva lokuhambisa i-magnetic flux eveliswa yi-primary coil kwi-secondary coil, ukuqinisekisa ukulahleka kwamandla okuncinci kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla okuphezulu.

Iitransformer zifuna izinto ezingundoqo zemagnethi ezinokungena okuphezulu, ukulahleka okuphantsi kwe-hysteresis, kunye nokuqhuba kombane okuphantsi. Ezi mpawu zimisela ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza kwetransformer. Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezingundoqo zibonelela ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo zemagnethi kunye nezombane, okuvumela iinjineli ukuba zikhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zeTransformer Core Materials

1. Intsimbi yeSilicon

Isinyithi se-silicon, esaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi yombane okanye i-iron-silicon alloy, sesinye sezixhobo eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-transformers. Senziwe ngentsimbi enepesenti encinci ye-silicon (ngesiqhelo yi-3-4%). ​​Ukongezwa kwe-silicon kuphucula iimpawu zombane kunye nemagnethi zesinyithi, okwenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwii-cores ze-transformer.

Isinyithi se-silicon sibonisa ukulahleka okuphantsi kwe-hysteresis, ukuvuleka okugqwesileyo kwemagnethi, kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kombane. Ezi mpawu zinciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla, zandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye zinciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu ngaphakathi kwe-transformer. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho be-silicon kunceda ukunciphisa ukulahleka kombane we-eddy ngokwandisa ukumelana kwezinto. Olu phawu luphuculwa ngakumbi ngokugquma umbindi wesinyithi se-silicon, zenze iileya ezincinci ezigqunywe ngobushushu ukuze kuncitshiswe ukulahleka kombane we-eddy.

2. Isinyithi esingenasimo

Isinyithi esingena morphous, esaziwa ngokuba yiglasi yesinyithi, sisixhobo esitsha nesiphucukileyo esisetyenziswa kwii-transformer cores. Siveliswa ngokupholisa ngokukhawuleza isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, sithintela ii-athomu ukuba zingacwangciswanga zibe yisakhiwo sekristale kwaye oku kukhokelela kulungiselelo lweathomu olungasebenzi kakuhle, olungelulo lwekristale. Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo sinika isinyithi esingena morphous iipropati zaso ezibalaseleyo zemagnethi.

Ii-Amorphous metal cores zibonisa ukulahleka okuphantsi kwe-hysteresis kunye ne-magnetostriction ephantse ingabikho. Ukungabikho kwemida ye-crystalline kunciphisa ukulahleka kombane we-eddy, okubangela ukusebenza kakuhle okuphuculweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu. Ukongeza, ii-amorphous metal cores zisabela kakhulu kwi-high-frequency alternating currents, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele ii-transformers eziphezulu ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zamandla eziphambili, usetyenziso lwamandla avuselelekayo, kunye nosetyenziso lwezithuthi zombane.

3. I-Ferrite

I-Ferrite yinto eyenziwe nge-ceramic eyenziwe nge-iron oxide kunye nezinye ii-metal oxides, ezifana ne-manganese, i-nickel, kunye ne-zinc. Ine-resistivity ephezulu kwaye lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwizicelo ze-high-frequency. Ii-Ferrite cores zihlala zifumaneka kwii-transformers ezincinci, ii-chokes, kunye nee-inductors ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, apho ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nokusebenza kwe-high-frequency kubalulekile.

Ii-ferrite cores zibonisa umbane ophezulu wemagnethi kwiifrequensi eziphezulu, nto leyo evumela ukudluliselwa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo encinci. Nangona kunjalo, ii-ferrite cores zinemida ngokubhekiselele kuxinano lwe-saturation flux kunye nombane ophantsi kwiifrequensi eziphantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingafaneleki kangako kwiitransformer zokusasaza amandla ezisebenza kwi-50-60 Hz.

4. Intsimbi Engumgubo

Ii-core zentsimbi ezicoliweyo zenziwa ngokucinezela umgubo wentsimbi ogqunyiweyo ube yimo oyifunayo, zenze i-core eqinileyo. Amasuntswana entsimbi ecoliweyo ayagqunywa ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko yomsinga we-eddy. Olu hlobo lwezinto ezingundoqo lubonelela ngokuguquguquka kuyilo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ii-core zentsimbi ezicoliweyo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezisebenzisa amaza aphezulu kunye nee-transformers ezinamandla aphantsi.

Iingenelo zee-iron cores ezicoliweyo ziquka ukungena kwazo okuphezulu, ukulahleka kwe-core low, kunye neempawu ezintle zemagnethi kwii-frequency eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ii-iron cores ezicoliweyo zisengozini yokulahlekelwa yi-hysteresis enkulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo eziphambili, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingasebenzi kakuhle kwii-power transformers ezisebenza kwii-frequency eziphantsi.

5. Isinyithi seNickel

I-nickel iron, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-permalloy, yi-alloy yesinyithi eyenziwe yi-nickel kunye ne-iron. Inamandla aphezulu okungena kwi-magnetic kunye ne-coercivity ephantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna uvakalelo oluphezulu kwi-magnetic fields okanye amandla aphantsi e-magnetic field.

Ii-cores ze-nickel iron zifumana ukusetyenziswa kwii-transformers zangoku ezibuthathaka, ii-voltage transformers, kunye nee-inductor coils kwizicelo ezifana nee-instrument transformers. Zibonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo nethembekileyo ngenxa yomgca wazo ogqwesileyo kunye nokungena okuphezulu.

Isiphelo

Izixhobo eziphambili zetransformer zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo nokuthembekileyo. Isinyithi sesilicon, isinyithi esingenasimo, iferrite, isinyithi esingumgubo, kunye nesinyithi senickel zezinye zezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiicore zetransformer, nganye ineempawu ezizodwa ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile. Ukukhethwa ngononophelo kwezinto eziphambili kwenza iinjineli ziyile iitransformer ezisebenza kakuhle kwaye zilahleke kancinci.

Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, abaphandi bayaqhubeka nokuphonononga nokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezintsha ezineempawu eziphuculweyo ukuze batyhale imida yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer. Isayensi engasemva kwezixhobo eziphambili ze-transformer isaqhubeka nophando kunye nobuchule, iqhuba uphuhliso kwiinkqubo zokusasazwa kwamandla kwihlabathi liphela.