Ukushisela kuyinqubo ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi, futhi ukuba nomshini wokushisela ofanele kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi kangaka zemishini yokushisela etholakalayo, kungaba yinselele ukwazi ukuthi yimuphi ofanele izidingo zakho ezithile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokushisela, imisebenzi yayo, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kohlobo ngalunye.
Ukushisela okunamathelayo, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukushisela okunamathelayo kwensimbi (i-SMAW), kungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu neziguquguqukayo zezinqubo zokushisela. Imishini yokushisela okunamathelayo isebenzisa ugesi kagesi ukudala i-arc phakathi kwenduku yokushisela kanye nengxenye yokusebenza, incibilikise induku kanye nengxenye yokusebenza ukuze kwakheke ichibi lokushisela. Lolu hlobo lomshini wokushisela ludumile ngekhono lalo lokushisela izinsimbi eziningi, okuhlanganisa insimbi engagqwali, insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi ephonswe, kanye nezinto ezingezona i-ferrous. Iphinde ifaneleke kahle ekushiseleni kwangaphandle kanye nezimo zomoya, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kumaphrojekthi okwakha nokulungisa.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zemishini yokushisela ngenduku ukuthi kulula ukuyithwala kanye nokuba lula kwayo. Idinga ukusethwa okuncane futhi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuma, ukuqondisa, kanye nokuvundlile. Kodwa-ke, ukushisela ngenduku kungaba yinselele kwabaqalayo ngenxa yokuthembela kwayo ekuhlakanipheni kwezandla kanye nesidingo sokushintsha njalo izinduku zokushisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-slag edalwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela kumele isuswe ngemuva kokushisela ngakunye, okwengeza isikhathi enkambisweni yokushisela iyonke.
Ukushisela i-MIG (Metal Inert Gas), okwaziwa nangokuthi i-Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), kuyinqubo ethandwayo yokushisela esebenzisa i-electrode yentambo eqinile eqhubekayo kanye negesi engangenisi, njenge-argon noma i-helium, ukuvikela ichibi lokushisela ekungcoleni komoya. Imishini yokushisela ye-MIG yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo, isivinini esikhulu sokushisela, kanye nekhono lokushisela izinto eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-aluminium, insimbi engagqwali, kanye nensimbi ethambile. Lolu hlobo lomshini wokushisela luvame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezimoto, yokukhiqiza, kanye neyokukhiqiza.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zemishini yokushisela ye-MIG ukuthi kulula ukuyisebenzisa kanye namazinga aphezulu okufaka, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle yokushisela izinto ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabikho kwe-slag kunciphisa isidingo sokuhlanza ngemva kokushisela, konga isikhathi kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokushisela ye-MIG idinga ukuhlinzekwa njalo kwegesi yokuvikela futhi ingase ingafaneleki ukushisela ngaphandle ezimweni ezinomoya. Ayifaneleki futhi ezindaweni zokushisela eziqondile noma eziphezulu.
Ukushisela i-TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), okwaziwa nangokuthi i-Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), kuyinqubo yokushisela enembile futhi eguquguqukayo esebenzisa i-electrode ye-tungsten engasebenziseki ukudala ukushisela. Imishini yokushisela i-TIG isebenzisa izinto zokugcwalisa ezihlukile, uma kudingeka, kanye negesi engasebenzisi, njenge-argon noma i-helium, ukuvikela ichibi lokushisela ekungcoleni komoya. Ukushisela i-TIG kuthandwa ngekhono layo lokukhiqiza ukushisela kwekhwalithi ephezulu okukhanga kakhulu, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezimboni ezifana nezindiza, izimoto, kanye nokudla neziphuzo.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zemishini yokushisela ye-TIG yikhono layo lokushisela izinto eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezincane, ama-alloy angavamile, kanye nezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous, ngokunemba nokulawula okumangalisayo. Ukushisela kwe-TIG kukhiqiza nokuphazima okuncane kanye nokuphambuka, okuholela ekushiseleni okuhlanzekile nokujabulisayo ngobuhle. Kodwa-ke, ukushisela kwe-TIG kudinga izinga eliphezulu lekhono kanye nokuxhumana ngesandla namehlo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu kwabaqalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokushisela ye-TIG inesivinini sokushisela esisheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo, okwenza ingafaneleki kangako ekukhiqizweni okuphezulu.
Ukushisela okune-Flux-cored, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), kuyinqubo yokushisela ehlukahlukene esebenzisa ucingo oluyishubhu olugcwele i-flux ukuvikela ichibi lokushisela ekungcoleni komoya. Imishini yokushisela ene-Flux-cored ingasetshenziswa noma ngaphandle kwegesi yokuvikela, okwenza ifanelekele ukushisela ngaphandle kanye nezimo zomoya. Lolu hlobo lomshini wokushisela luthandwa ngesivinini salo esiphezulu sokushisela, ukungena okujulile, kanye nekhono lokushisela izinto ezijiyile, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kokwenziwa kwensimbi yesakhiwo, ukwakha imikhumbi, kanye nemishini esindayo.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zemishini yokushisela ene-flux-core amazinga ayo aphezulu okufakwa kanye nokungena okujulile, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle yokushisela izinto ezijiyile ngephasi elilodwa. Ukusetshenziswa kocingo olune-flux-core kuqeda isidingo segesi yokuvikela yangaphandle, kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zokushisela. Kodwa-ke, ukushisela okune-flux-core kungakhiqiza ukuchitheka okuningi kanye nentuthu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo, okudinga umoya ofanele kanye nokukhishwa kwentuthu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokushisela ene-flux-core ingase ingafaneleki ukushisela izinto ezincane ngenxa yokufakwa kokushisa okuphezulu kanye namathuba okushiswa.
Ukushisela i-arc ye-plasma kuyinqubo yokushisela enembile futhi eguquguqukayo esebenzisa i-arc encishisiwe kanye ne-jet yesivinini esiphezulu segesi e-ionized ukudala i-weld. Imishini yokushisela i-arc ye-plasma isebenzisa i-electrode ye-tungsten engasebenziseki, igesi ye-plasma, njenge-argon noma i-nitrogen, kanye negesi yokuvikela yesibili, njenge-argon, ukuvikela ichibi lokushisela ekungcoleni komoya. Lolu hlobo lomshini wokushisela ludumile ngekhono lalo lokukhiqiza ama-weld asezingeni eliphezulu, angena ngokugcwele ngokunemba nokulawula okuvelele, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezimboni ezifana nezindiza, i-nuclear, kanye ne-electronics.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zemishini yokushisela i-plasma arc yikhono layo lokushisela izinto eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-alloy angaphandle, izinsimbi ezingaphikisi, kanye nezinsimbi ezingafani, ngokuphambuka okuncane kanye nezindawo ezithinteke ekushiseni. Ukushisela i-plasma arc kungakhiqiza nama-weld ngesivinini esiphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisela i-TIG, okwenza ifaneleke ekukhiqizweni okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokushisela i-plasma arc idinga izinga eliphezulu lekhono kanye nokusetha okufanele ukuze kufezwe imiphumela emihle, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezikhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zemishini nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela i-plasma arc ziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokushisela ezijwayelekile.
Ngamafuphi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini yokushisela etholakalayo, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokungalungi kwayo. Ukukhetha umshini wokushisela kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza lokushisela, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwezinto zokwakha, ukujiya, isikhundla sokushisela, kanye nomthamo wokukhiqiza. Ngokuqonda izici zohlobo ngalunye lomshini wokushisela, abashisela kanye nabakhi bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ukuze bathole imiphumela emihle kumaphrojekthi abo okushisela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukushisela okunamathelayo kwezicelo zangaphandle, ukushisela kwe-MIG kokukhiqiza okusheshayo, ukushisela kwe-TIG kokunemba kanye nobuhle, ukushisela okune-flux-core kokungena okujulile, noma ukushisela kwe-plasma arc kwezicelo ezikhethekile, umshini wokushisela ofanele ungenza umehluko omkhulu ekufinyeleleni ukushisela okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokuthembekile. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esizayo lapho udinga ukukhetha umshini wokushisela, cabanga ngezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi yakho yokushisela ukuze ukhethe umshini ongcono kakhulu walo msebenzi.
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