Imibuzo Nezimpendulo Zobuchwepheshe Bukagesi (1.1)

1. Kuyini okuqukethwe okuyisisekelo komthetho kaKirchhoff?

(1) Umthetho wokuqala kaKirchhoff, obizwa nangokuthi umthetho wamanje kaKirchhoff, okungukuthi i-KCL, umthetho ohlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwemisinga emagatsheni ahlukahlukene esekethe. Uthi: kunoma yiliphi i-node esesekethe, isamba samandla ageleza aye e-node silingana nesamba samandla ageleza ephuma e-node. Ukubonakaliswa kwawo kwezibalo yi-sigma I=0;

(2) Umthetho wesibili kaKirchhoff ubizwa nangokuthi umthetho we-voltage kaKirchhoff, okungukuthi i-KVL, ofunda ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-voltage ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesekethe. Ukhomba ukuthi: kunoma yisiphi isekethe esivaliwe kusekethe, isamba sama-voltage e-algebraic esigabeni ngasinye silingana no-zero. Ukubonakaliswa kwawo kwezibalo kungu: σ U=0;

2. Uyini umphumela wesikhumba?

Uma ugesi oshintshanayo udlula kumqhubi, ugesi oshintshanayo awufani nhlobo kuzo zonke izindawo engxenyeni ephambene yomqhubi, lapho ugesi omncane kakhulu uphakathi nendawo yomqhubi, futhi ugesi omkhulu useduze nobuso bomqhubi. Lesi simo sogesi oshintshanayo sivame ukuba sebusweni bomqhubi, okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela wesikhumba.

3. Yimiphi imiqondo kanye nezici ze-resonance ehambisanayo?

Esifundeni esihambisanayo se-inductor kanye ne-capacitor, into yokuthi i-terminal voltage yesekethe ehambisanayo isesigabeni kanye nomsinga ophelele ibizwa ngokuthi i-parallel resonance. I-parallel resonance ibonakala ngokuthi: lapho i-parallel resonance ifinyelelwa ngokushintsha i-capacitance C, i-total impedance yesekethe iphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-total current yesekethe iba yincane kakhulu. Kodwa egatsheni ngalinye, i-current yayo ingaba nkulu kakhulu kune-total current, ngakho-ke i-parallel resonance ibizwa nangokuthi i-current resonance. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-parallel resonance, ngoba i-terminal voltage kanye ne-total current kusesigabeni esifanayo, i-power factor yesekethe ifinyelela inani eliphezulu, okungukuthi, i-cos ilingana no-1, futhi i-parallel resonance ngeke ikhiqize i-resonant overvoltage ebeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, isinikeza indlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa i-power factor.

4. Ama-eddie adalwa kanjani? Kuyini ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy?

Ugesi oshintshanayo udlula nge-coil ene-core yensimbi, ekhiqiza ugesi oshintshanayo kanye ne-induced potential. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sale potential, i-core izokwakha i-self-induced current loop, ebizwa ngokuthi i-eddy current.

Ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa ugesi we-eddy kubizwa ngokuthi ugesi we-eddy.

5. Iyini inqubo yokuguquka? Yini ebangela inqubo yokuguquka?

Inqubo yokuguquka iyinqubo yesikhashana, okuyinqubo eqhubeka isikhathi esithile isuka kwesinye isimo esizinzile iye kwesinye.

Inqubo yokuguquka ibangelwa ukuba khona kwezinto zokugcina amandla. Izingxenye zokugcina amandla ezifana nama-inductor nama-capacitor azikwazi ukugxuma kwisekethe, okungukuthi, ugesi we-inductor kanye ne-voltage ye-capacitor azikwazi ukuguquka enkambisweni yokushintsha. Ngakho-ke, kumele kube nenqubo yokuguquka kusuka esimweni esizinzile kuya kwesinye isimo kwisekethe.

6. Iyini isimiso se-superposition?

Kumjikelezo oqondile, ugesi wamanje (noma i-voltage) yanoma yiliphi igatsha yisamba se-algebraic samandla wamanje (noma i-voltage yokugcina) ekhiqizwa egatsheni lapho imithombo yamandla eminingana isebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma kusetshenziswa isimiso se-superposition, umthombo wamandla kufanele ubhekwe njengojikelezwe olufushane kanye nomthombo wamanje njengojikelezo oluvulekile.

7. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ijeneretha yezigaba ezintathu kanye nemishini yokuphakelwa kukagesi?

Umthamo wejeneretha yesigaba esithathu mncane kunowejeneretha yesigaba esisodwa lapho ikhiqiza amandla afanayo kagesi. Kunemigqa embalwa yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa yesigaba esithathu kunemigqa yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa yesigaba esisodwa, engonga izinto eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-motor esigaba esithathu asebenza kangcono kunezinjini zesigaba esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, imishini yesigaba esithathu isetshenziswa kakhulu.

8. Kungani uhlelo lwezintambo ezintathu olunezigaba ezintathu lungasetshenziswa ekuhlinzekeni ngogesi kwamamotha anezigaba ezintathu, kuyilapho uhlelo lwezintambo ezine olunezigaba ezintathu kumele lusetshenziswe ekuhlinzekeni ngogesi?

Ngenxa yokuthi imoto enezigaba ezintathu ingumthwalo olinganayo wezigaba ezintathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuxhumana kwezinkanyezi noma ukuxhumana kukanxantathu, idinga kuphela ukuxhuma imigqa yezigaba ezintathu yemoto enezigaba ezintathu emigqeni yezigaba ezintathu yokunikezwa kwamandla, futhi ayidingi umugqa wesine ongathathi hlangothi, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa kwamandla ohlelo lwezigaba ezintathu lwezigaba ezintathu kungasetshenziswa. Umthwalo wokunikezwa kwamandla okukhanyisa isibani sikagesi, i-voltage yayo elinganiselwe yi-voltage yesigaba, umkhawulo owodwa kumele uxhunywe nomugqa wesigaba, umkhawulo owodwa uxhunywe nomugqa ongathathi hlangothi, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-voltage ngayinye yesigaba ayithinti omunye, ngakho-ke kumele usebenzise uhlelo lwemigqa emithathu yesigaba sesine, kodwa akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa ukukhanyisa komhlaba kwesigaba esisodwa.

Yiziphi izimiso eziyinhloko ze-transistor?

(1) isici sokukhulisa (β), ukukala ikhono lokukhulisa i-transistor;

(2) i-reverse saturation current (Icbo), ekhombisa ikhwalithi ye-transistor junction;

(3) Ugesi ogelezayo (i-Iceo), okubonisa ukusebenza kwe-triode.

10. Kuyini impendulo ye-transistor? Yiziphi izinhlobo zempendulo?

Ku-amplifier ye-transistor, ingxenye ye-voltage noma yamanje ekuphumeni ibuyiselwa emuva ekufakweni ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi impendulo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zempendulo: ngemva kokwethulwa kwempendulo, ukwanda kwe-amplification factor ye-amplifier kubizwa ngokuthi impendulo enhle, kanti ukwehla kwe-amplification factor kubizwa ngokuthi impendulo engemihle.

11. Ziyini iziyingi ezihlukile kanye neziyingi ezihlanganisiwe?

Kusetshenziswa isimiso sokuthi i-voltage ephakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili ze-capacitor ayikwazi ukushintshwa, isekethe engashintsha igagasi elingunxande libe yigagasi elibukhali lokushaya kwenhliziyo ibizwa ngokuthi isekethe elihlukile, kanti isekethe engashintsha igagasi elingunxande libe yigagasi le-sawtooth ibizwa ngokuthi isekethe elihlanganisiwe.

12. Iyini indima yesekethe yokuhlunga?

Ama-rectifier aguqula i-alternating current ibe yi-direct current, kodwa i-waveform ngemva kokulungiswa iqukethe inani elikhulu le-ALTERNATING current. I-direct current enjalo ingasetshenziswa kuphela emishinini enezidingo zamandla aphansi. Amanye amadivayisi, njengezinsimbi zikagesi kanye nama-circuits okulawula okuzenzakalelayo, adinga ukuthi ingxenye yokushaya kwamandla kagesi e-DC ibe yincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi ye-rectifier voltage futhi kuthuthukiswe i-voltage waveform ye-rectifier circuit, i-filter circuit ivame ukufakwa ukuze ihlunge i-AC component.

13. Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-rectifier elawulwa yi-silicon?

Esigungwini sokulungisa, i-SCR ngesikhathi esingaphansi kwe-voltage yaphambili, ishintsha isikhathi sokufaka i-trigger pulse, okungukuthi, ishintsha usayizi we-Angle yokulawula, umthwalo ungathola amanani ahlukene e-DC voltage, ngaleyo ndlela ilawula usayizi we-voltage yokukhipha.