Isingeniso Sokuhlolwa Kokungathwali/Umthwalo we-Transformer

Ukuhlolwa kwesekethe emfushane: ukufinyeza ngokwenziwa ohlangothini olune-voltage ephansi kanye nolwamandla aphezulu lwe-transformer, bese kudluliswa i-voltage yokuhlola yemvamisa elinganiselwe kusukela ekumpompeni okulinganiselwe kwekhoyili ohlangothini olune-voltage ephezulu ukuze ugesi ojikelezayo ufinyelele inani elilinganiselwe, bese ulinganisa amandla okufaka kanye ne-voltage esetshenzisiwe (okungukuthi ukulahleka kwesekethe emfushane kanye ne-voltage yesekethe emfushane) kanye nenani lamanje. Ngokuvamile umthamo wokunikezwa kwamandla okuhlola kufanele ube ngu-30% wamandla omkhiqizo ohloliwe.

Impedance yokulandelana kwe-zero: Impedance etholwa yi-transformer ku-voltage ngayinye yesigaba (positive, negative, zero) kanye nomsinga ibizwa ngokuthi i-sequence impedance, futhi ziyi-positive sequence, negative sequence kanye ne-zero sequence impedance ngokulandelana. I-positive sequence impedance empeleni iyi-impedance eboniswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Uma uhlelo lusebenza ngokungalingani, kuzokhiqizwa i-zero sequence current. I-positive sequence impedance ye-transformer ilingana ne-negative sequence impedance, futhi ilingana ne-short-circuit impedance ye-transformer. Nge-zero-sequence impedance, ngoba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso se-zero-sequence currents yazo zonke izigaba ezintathu ziyafana, okungukuthi, isamba sazo asilingani ne-zero, ngakho-ke i-zero-sequence impedance ihlobene ngokuyisisekelo ne-positive-sequence impedance kanye ne-negative-sequence impedance. Umehluko uwukuthi ubukhulu bayo abuhlobene nje kuphela nendlela yokuxhuma ye-winding, kodwa futhi nesakhiwo se-iron core. Ngakho-ke, i-zero-sequence impedance kumele inqunywe ngokulinganisa kwangempela.

Indlela Yokuhlola

⑴ Ukuhlolwa kokungabi nomthwalo kwesigaba esisodwa

Izinto zokuhlola ezingenamthwalo zesigaba esisodwa zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukulahleka komthwalo kanye nephesenti lamanje elingenamthwalo lama-transformer esigaba esisodwa. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuhlolweni kwesigaba ngesigaba kwama-transformer esigaba ezintathu (ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi i-transformer ehlolwayo inamaphutha esigaba esisodwa). Le ndlela yokuhlola iyadingeka nalapho kungekho ugesi wesigaba ezintathu endaweni.

Ukuhlolwa kokungalayishwa kwesigaba esisodwa nge-voltage yesigaba se-A kanye ne-A-phase yamanje yethuluzi. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, sebenzisa ugesi wesigaba esisodwa njengokunikezwa kwamandla okuhlola, intambo ephilayo ixhunywe ku-terminal enhle ye-terminal yamanje yesigaba se-A yomhloli, intambo ephuzi ejiyile ixhunywe ku-terminal engemihle ye-terminal yamanje yesigaba se-A, kanti intambo encane ixhunywe ku-terminal yamandla yesigaba se-A Ua, Umugqa ojiyile wama-pliers abomvu uxhunywe ngqo kumugqa ongu-zero wokunikezwa kwamandla okuhlola, umugqa omncane uxhunywe ku-terminal yamandla yesigaba se-B Ub, kanti ama-pliers amabili aboshwe ngokulandelana kuma-terminals amabili ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi. Uhlangothi lwe-voltage ephezulu luvulekile.

Le ndlela ifaneleka futhi ekulinganisweni kokulahlekelwa umthwalo kwama-transformer esigaba ezintathu anamandla esigaba esisodwa. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kudlula indinganiso ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokungabi nomthwalo kwesigaba sesithathu, ukulahlekelwa kwesigaba sesithathu kufanele kulinganiswe ngokwehlukana. Ngokuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa ukulahlekelwa kokungabi nomthwalo kwesigaba ngasinye, ukusatshalaliswa kokulahlekelwa kokungabi nomthwalo esigabeni ngasinye kungabonwa ukuhlola isekethe yokugoqa noma yamagnetic yesigaba ngasinye. Uma kukhona noma kungekho amaphutha endawo. Ukugoqa kwesigaba esisodwa kwesekhethi esifushane kwesigaba esisodwa se-transformer ngokulandelana, sebenzisa i-voltage kwezinye izingqimba zesigaba ezimbili, bese ulinganisa ukulahlekelwa kokungabi nomthwalo kanye nogesi ongekho umthwalo. Umdwebo wocingo uboniswe esithombeni, ngokwendlela yokuxhumanisa yokugoqa ye-transformer evivinywayo, indlela yokucindezela ingahlukaniswa ngezimo ezintathu njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

a. Ukugoqa okucindezelwe kuxhunyiwe △

Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, cindezela izigaba ze-ab, bc, kanye ne-ca ngokulandelana, bese ufinyeza imingcele engacindezelwanga. Ukulahlekelwa okulinganisiwe kubalwa ngokwefomula elandelayo:

Qaphela: Kule fomula, i-In ingumthamo olinganiselwe wekhoyili yokuhlola

b. Ukugoqa okucindezelwe kuxhunywe ku-Y futhi kunephuzu elingathathi hlangothi eliphumayo:

Uma kulinganiswa, ukugoqa okungacindezelwanga kuyafinyezwa; i-voltage esetshenzisiwe iphindwe kabili kune-voltage yesigaba, umphumela wokulahlekelwa ubalwa ngokuya ngefomula 1, kanti umphumela wamanje ongenamthwalo uhambisana nefomula 2 (0.289 kufomula ishintshelwa ku-0.333).

c. Ukugoqa okucindezelwe kuxhunywe ku-Y, futhi akukho ndawo engathathi hlangothi edonswayo:

Uma ukugoqa okungacindezelwanga kungenakufinyezwa ngoba iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi alidonswanga, isigaba esihambisanayo sokugoqa kwesibili kumele sifinyezwe ngesikhathi sokulinganisa; i-voltage esetshenzisiwe kufanele ibe kabili kune-voltage yesigaba.

⑵ Ukuhlolwa kokungabi nomthwalo kwezigaba ezintathu

Ukuxhuma izintambo njengoba kubonisiwe

Sebenzisa isilawuli se-voltage esinezigaba ezintathu njengomthombo wamandla okuhlola, xhuma ukuphela kokuphuma kwesilawuli se-voltage ekugcineni okuhle kwe-terminal yamanje yomhloli wamandla; izintambo ezijiyile zama-clamp amathathu okuhlola zixhunywe ngokulandelana ekugcineni okubi kwe-terminal yamanje yomhloli ngokuya ngombala; Izintambo ezincane zama-pliers amathathu okuhlola zixhunywe ngokulandelana kuma-terminals e-voltage omhloli ngokuya ngemibala yazo. Bese ubopha ama-clamp amathathu okuhlola ku-terminal eseceleni ye-voltage ephansi ye-transformer evivinywayo. I-clamp ephuzi ixhunywe kukholomu ye-A-phase, i-clamp eluhlaza ixhunywe kukholomu ye-B-phase, kanti i-clamp ebomvu ixhunywe kukholomu ye-C-phase. Uhlangothi lwe-voltage ephezulu luvulekile.

(3) Ukuhlolwa kwesekethe emfushane yesigaba esisodwa

Izinto zokuhlola i-short-circuit yesigaba esisodwa zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukulahleka kwe-short-circuit kanye ne-impedance voltage yama-transformer esigaba esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuhlolwa i-transformer yesigaba ezintathu, lapho kungekho ugesi wesigaba ezintathu noma umthamo wokunikezwa kwamandla mncane, futhi lapho kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwesigaba ngesigaba ukuze kutholakale isigaba esinephutha ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza noma ukusebenza, indlela yokuhlola i-short-circuit yesigaba esisodwa nayo iyadingeka; ukuxhuma izintambo ngokwendlela eboniswe esithombeni:

Sebenzisa ugesi wesigaba esisodwa njengogesi wokuhlola, ucingo olubukhoma luxhunywe ku-terminal enhle ye-terminal yamanje yesigaba se-A yomhloli, ucingo oluphuzi olujiyile luxhunywe ku-terminal engemihle ye-terminal yamanje yesigaba se-A, ucingo oluncane luxhunywe ku-terminal yamandla kagesi yesigaba se-A, kanti ucingo olubomvu olujiyile luxhunywe ku-Ua yesigaba se-A. Xhuma ngqo kumugqa ongu-zero wogesi wokuhlola, xhuma umugqa omncane ku-terminal yamandla kagesi yesigaba se-B i-Ub, bese ubopha ama-plier amabili kuma-terminal amabili ohlangothini lwamandla kagesi aphansi. Uhlangothi lwamandla kagesi aphezulu lufinyezwa ngentambo ekhethekile yesifunda esifushane. Qaphela ukuthi isifunda esifushane kumele sibe sihle, ngaphandle kwalokho idatha yokuhlola izothinteka.

Indlela yokwenza ukuhlolwa kwesekethe esifushane ngesigaba ku-transformer yesigaba ezintathu enokunikezwa kwamandla kwesigaba esisodwa iwukufinyeza ama-terminal aphumayo esigaba sesithathu ane-voltage ephansi, bese wenza izilinganiso ezintathu ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephezulu. Ngokwendlela yokuxhumanisa egoqayo ye-transformer evivinywayo, ingahlukaniswa ngamacala amabili alandelayo. , bheka a, b.

a. Ukugoqa okucindezelwe kuxhunyiwe △

Uhlangothi olunomfutho ophezulu lucindezelwe, futhi ukuphela kokuphuma kwesigaba sesithathu sohlangothi olungacindezelwe (uhlangothi olunomfutho ophansi) kudinga ukuxhumeka okufushane ngesandla. Ugesi ojikelezayo kufanele ube ngokuphindwe kabili kunogesi olinganiselwe, futhi inani elilinganisiwe lingaguqulwa libe ukulahleka kwesigaba sesithathu sogesi kanye nogesi wesifunda esifushane ngokwefomula elandelayo:

Qaphela: lapho i-Un iyi-voltage elinganisiwe yohlangothi olucindezelwe

b. Ukugoqa okucindezelwe kuxhunywe ku-Y

Cindezela phakathi kwanoma yiziphi izigaba ezimbili ngokulandelana, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yokukhipha enezigaba ezintathu yohlangothi olungacindezelwanga ixhunywe ngesandla ngokufushane.

Qaphela: lapho i-Un iyi-voltage elinganisiwe yohlangothi olucindezelwe

⑷ Ukuhlolwa kwesekethe emfushane yesigaba esithathu

Ucingo njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni:

Qaphela: Uma i-bushing eseceleni ye-outlet ene-voltage ephezulu noma ephakathi ifakelwe i-transformer yamanje eyindandatho, ingxenye yesibili ye-transformer yamanje kumele inqanyulwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Sebenzisa isilawuli se-voltage esinezigaba ezintathu njengomthombo wamandla okuhlola, xhuma ukuphela kokuphuma kwesilawuli se-voltage ekugcineni okuhle kwe-terminal yamanje yomhloli womthamo; izintambo ezijiyile zama-clamp amathathu okuhlola zixhunywe ngokulandelana ekugcineni okubi kwe-terminal yamanje yomhloli ngokuya ngombala; Izintambo ezincane zama-pliers amathathu okuhlola zixhunywe ngokulandelana kuma-terminal e-voltage omhloli ngokuya ngemibala yazo. Bese ubopha ama-clamp amathathu okuhlola ekugcineni okuphezulu kwe-voltage ye-transformer ngaphansi kokuhlolwa. I-clamp ephuzi ixhunywe kukholomu ye-A-phase, i-clamp eluhlaza ixhunywe kukholomu ye-B-phase, kanti i-clamp ebomvu ixhunywe kukholomu ye-C-phase. Bese usebenzisa intambo ekhethekile ye-short-circuit ukuze ufinyeze ama-terminal amathathu ohlangothini oluphansi lwe-voltage. Qaphela ukuthi i-short-circuit kumele ixhunywe kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho idatha yokuhlolwa izothinteka.

⑸ Ukuhlolwa kwe-Zero-sequence impedance

I-impedance eboniswa yi-voltage ye-zero-sequence kanye ne-zero-sequence current ye-transformer ibizwa ngokuthi i-zero-sequence impedance. Uma uhlelo lusebenza ngokungalingani, kuzokhiqizwa i-zero-sequence current. Ubukhulu bayo abuhlobene nje kuphela nendlela ama-windings axhunywe ngayo, kodwa futhi nesakhiwo esiyinhloko.

Ukuze kulinganiswe i-transformer nge-zero-sequence impedance, faka ucingo njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni:

Sebenzisa isilawuli se-voltage sesigaba esisodwa njengomthombo wamandla okuhlola, xhuma ukuphela okukodwa kokukhipha komlawuli we-voltage ekugcineni okuhle kwe-terminal yamanje yesigaba A yomhloli wokulahlekelwa, kanye nokunye ukuphela kokukhipha ekugcineni okubi kwe-terminal yamanje yesigaba C yomhloli; ukuhlolwa okuphuzi Intambo ejiyile ye-clamp ixhunywe ekugcineni okubi kwe-terminal yamanje yesigaba A yomhloli, futhi intambo yokuhlola i-voltage ixhunywe kwi-terminal yamandla yesigaba A; intambo ejiyile ye-clamp yokuhlola ebomvu ixhunywe ekugcineni okubi kwe-terminal yamanje yesigaba C yomhloli (okungukuthi, nge-voltage regulator Imiphumela ixhunywe ndawonye), futhi intambo encane ixhunywe kwi-terminal yamandla yesigaba B yomhloli. Bese ufinyeza ama-terminal esigaba A, B, kanye nesigaba C sendlela yokuxhuma eceleni ye-Yn ye-transformer engaphansi kokuhlolwa ndawonye, ​​bese uxhuma i-clamp yokuhlola ephuzi; i-terminal yesigaba 0 ixhunywe kwi-clamp yokuhlola ebomvu. Qaphela ukuthi kumele ifinyezwe kahle, kungenjalo izothinta idatha yokuhlola.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlola

1) Izinyathelo zokuhlola ukulahlekelwa komthwalo ze-transformer yesigaba esithathu ezingenamthwalo

A. Setha amapharamitha okuhlola kuqala;

B. Xhuma izintambo zokuhlola ngokwedayagramu yokuhlolwa kwesekethe esifushane yezigaba ezintathu;

C. Yenza isivivinyo se-short-circuit esinezigaba ezintathu bese ukhiya idatha yesivivinyo;

D. Xhuma izintambo zokuhlola ngokwedayagramu yokuhlola engenamthwalo yezigaba ezintathu;

E. Yenza ukuhlolwa kokungalayishi kwezigaba ezintathu bese ukhiya idatha yokuhlola;

F. Faka isikrini semiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze ubuke yonke idatha;

G. Gcina amarekhodi okuhlolwa.

2) Izinyathelo zokuhlola ukulahlekelwa komthwalo ze-transformer yesigaba esisodwa

A. Setha amapharamitha okuhlola kuqala;

B. Xhuma ucingo lokuhlola ngokwedayagramu yokuhlola yesifunda esifushane sesigaba esisodwa;

C. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit yesigaba esisodwa;

D. Qopha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesekhethi esifushane

E. Xhuma ucingo lokuhlola ngokwedayagramu yokuhlola engenamthwalo yesigaba esisodwa;

F. Yenza ukuhlolwa kokungathwali umthwalo kwesigaba esisodwa;

G. Qopha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa okungadingi umthwalo

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

1. Qiniseka ukuthi awuzithinti izingxenye zensimbi zezintambo zokuhlola ngesikhathi sokulinganisa ukuze ugweme ukushaqeka ngogesi.

2. Izintambo zokulinganisa kumele zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo, ngaphandle kwalokho imiphumela izoba yingozi yakho.

3. Ngaphambi kokuhlola, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi amapharamitha asethiwe alungile yini.

4. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-socket kagesi enentambo yomhlabathi.

5. Ayikwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemingcele ye-voltage kanye neyamanje.

6. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit, i-short-circuit ohlangothini olungacindezelwanga kumele ibe yinhle, ngaphandle kwalokho izothinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

7. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit, uma i-bushing ye-outlet eseceleni ene-high-voltage noma i-medium-voltage ifakwe i-toroidal current transformer, ingxenye yesibili ye-transformer yamanje kumele i-short-circuit ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

8. Umsebenzi wokuxhuma ucingo lokuhlola kumele wenziwe ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi isekethe elivivinyiwe lisekelwe phansi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaqeka kukagesi okuvela ku-voltage ebangelwayo. Zonke izikhindi ezimfushane, izingqimba kanye nama-lead kufanele abe nesigaba esanele futhi kumele axhunywe ngokuphephile. Inhlangano yokuhlola kufanele ibe qinile futhi ukuxhumana kufanele kube bushelelezi ukuqinisekisa intuthuko ephephile nebushelelezi yomsebenzi wokuhlola.

Isingeniso sethuluzi:

Isihloli sesici se-transformer esingenamthwalo siyithuluzi elinembile kakhulu elakhiwe futhi lathuthukiswa yinkampani yethu ukuze lilinganise i-transformer engenamthwalo, amapharamitha omthwalo kanye namapharamitha okuvimba uchungechunge lwe-zero. Ingalinganisa ngokunembile uchungechunge lwamapharamitha afana namanje angenamthwalo, ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo, ukulahlekelwa kwe-short-circuit, i-impedance voltage, okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic, kanye nesilinganiso sokuphambuka kwama-transformer ahlukahlukene. Leli thuluzi linezinzuzo zobukhulu obuncane, isisindo esilula, ukunemba kokulinganisa okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle, ukusebenza okulula nokufunda okulula, njll. Ingashintsha ngokuphelele indlela yangaphambilini yokulinganisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-transformer kanye nomthamo ngokusebenzisa indlela yamamitha amaningi, ngezintambo ezilula, ukuhlolwa okulula nokuqopha, kanye nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu. Isebenzisa i-LCD yombala wangempela wesikrini esikhulu njengewindi lokubonisa, ukusebenza kwemenyu yezithombe futhi ifakwe iziqondiso zezinhlamvu zesiShayina, isikhombikubona sokubonisa esihlanganisa amapharamitha amaningi esikrinini esisodwa, isikhombikubona sengxoxo enobungane yomshini womuntu, kulula futhi kuyashesha ukuyisebenzisa, futhi kuyisinqumo esihle kakhulu kubasebenzisi bamandla kuwo wonke amazinga. Umkhiqizo okhethwayo.

Izici zezinsimbi:

1. Ingalinganisa ugesi ongenamthwalo, ukulahleka komthwalo, i-impedance voltage, ukulahleka komthwalo kanye ne-zero-sequence impedance yezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-transformer.

2. Ingenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulungiswa kokuhlanekezela kwesimo samagagasi, ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa (ukunikeza ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa okulula kanye nokulungiswa okwengeziwe kokulahlekelwa ngokulandelana), ukulungiswa kwe-voltage (ukuhlolwa kokungabi nomthwalo ngaphansi kwe-voltage engalinganisiwe), ukulungiswa kwamanje (ukuhlolwa kwe-short circuit ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje ezingalinganisiwe)), ifaneleka kakhulu kumayunithi angenazo izimo zokuhlolwa kwe-short-circuit zama-transformer anomthamo omkhulu kancane.

3. Ingalinganisa i-voltage yezigaba ezintathu, i-current yezigaba ezintathu, i-voltage ejwayelekile, i-current ejwayelekile, i-power esebenzayo yezigaba ezimbili (ngoba indlela yemitha yamandla amabili iyasetshenziswa, amandla ezigaba ezimbili kuphela A no-C aboniswa lapha), kanye namandla aphelele. 4, Ingalinganisa okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic okungu-2-42 kwe-voltage yesigaba ngasinye kanye ne-current kanye nesilinganiso sokuphambuka okuphelele (ukuphambuka kwe-harmonic) kwesignali ngayinye.

5. Ingabonisa isimo segagasi sesikhathi sangempela se-voltage yesigaba ngasinye kanye nogesi wamanje, futhi ibonise ngokubonakalayo ukuphambuka kwesimo segagasi.

6. Umkhawulo wobubanzi be-voltage loop: i-voltage ingalinganiswa kufika ku-750V, futhi ukunemba kungaqinisekiswa ngaphandle kokushintsha amagiya. Ithuluzi ngokwalo ngeke lonakale ngenxa yokukhetha okungalungile kwegiya le-voltage.

7. Isikrini esikhulu, imenyu ephelele yezinhlamvu zesiShayina kanye nemiyalelo yokusebenza kwenza ingxoxo enobungane phakathi komuntu nomshini, izinkinobho zerabha eziqhubayo zenza kube lula ukusebenza, kanye nesibonisi se-LCD esinombala weqiniso esikhanyayo kakhulu singazivumelanisa nezinkathi zasebusika nasehlobo.

8. Umsebenzisi angaphrinta idatha yokuhlola ngephrinta encane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

9. Yonke imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingagcinwa ngendlela yamarekhodi ukuze isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo.

10. Iwashi langempela elakhelwe ngaphakathi lingabonisa usuku nesikhathi samanje ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi isikhathi sokuhlola singagcinwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho irekhodi ligcinwa.

Amapharamitha ezinsimbi:

1. Izici zokufaka

Ububanzi bokulinganisa i-voltage: umkhawulo obanzi ongu-0~750V.

Ububanzi bokulinganisa bamanje: 0~5~100A, wonke amabanga angaphakathi ashintshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

2. Ukunemba

I-Voltage: ± 0.2%

Okwamanje: ±0.2% yobubanzi

Amandla: ±0.5% (CosΦ>0.1), ±1.0% (0.05

3. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza

Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza: -10℃ ~ +40℃

4. Amandla okusebenza

Amandla okusebenza: AC 160V ~ 265V

5. Ukuvikela

(1) Ukumelana nokufakwa kokushisa kwama-voltage kanye nama-terminal okufaka amanje ku-chassis kukhulu noma kulingane ne-100MΩ.

(2) Imvamisa yamandla ingu-2KV (inani elisebenzayo) phakathi kokuphela kokufakwayo komthombo wamandla osebenzayo kanye nebhokisi, futhi ukuhlolwa kwathatha umzuzu owodwa.

6. Umthamo: 32cm×24cm×13cm

7. Isisindo: 3Kg

Isithombe sensimbi: