Kwimimandla yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje ekhawulezayo, ukuchaneka nokusebenza kakuhle kuye kwaba yinto ephambili. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezintsha zobuchwepheshe eziye zaguqula iinkqubo zokuvelisa, imigca ye-Cut to Length (CTL) ivelele njengomdlali obalulekileyo.

Imigca ye-Cut to Length ibonakalise ukubaluleka kwayo kumashishini amaninzi, nto leyo ephucula imveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Nokuba kukwimveliso yentsimbi, ukwenziwa kweemoto, okanye ukwakhiwa, imigca ye-CTL iye yaba yeyona ibalulekileyo.

Eli nqaku liza kujonga imigaqo, usetyenziso, kunye neenzuzo zemigca ye-Cut to Length, likhanyise iindlela zokusebenza kwayo, usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo, kunye neenzuzo ezininzi ezizibonelelayo. Siza kuthetha ngezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha umthengisi.

Iitransformers ziingongoma ezingadunyiswayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, zinika amandla ihlabathi lethu ngokuguqula nokusasaza amandla ombane. Ukususela kwiifektri ezixakekileyo zezityalo zokuvelisa ukuya kwiinethiwekhi ezintsonkothileyo zeegridi zamandla, iitransformers zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukunikezelwa kombane rhoqo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuthembeka kwazo kuxhomekeke kwinxalenye ebalulekileyo: i-transformer core. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga kwihlabathi lee-transformer cores, sihlolisise ukubaluleka kwazo kunye nesidingo esibalulekileyo sokuzikhusela ekutshiseni kakhulu nasekusileleni kwangethuba. Ngaphezu koko, siza kukhanyisa indima ebalulekileyo yababoneleli abakumgangatho ophezulu kulo msebenzi.

Oomatshini bokusika imigca badlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, besebenza njengomqolo weenkqubo zokuvelisa. Ukususela kwiimoto ukuya kulwakhiwo nangaphaya, aba matshini babalulekile ekuguquleni iikhoyili ezinkulu zezinto zibe yimicu echanekileyo, ehlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.


Ukubaluleka kokukhetha umthengisi ofanelekileyo womatshini wakho wokunqumla umtya akunakugxininiswa kakhulu, njengoko kuchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yakho kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha umthengisi womatshini wokunqumla umtya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba utyalo-mali lwakho luhambelana neemfuno zakho ezithile kunye nolindelo lwakho.

Umbane unika amandla ihlabathi lanamhlanje, uphehla amandla emakhaya ethu, kwimizi-mveliso nakwitekhnoloji. Yinto ebalulekileyo ebomini bethu bemihla ngemihla, kodwa unokuba yingozi ngokufanayo xa ungasetyenziswa ngononophelo olukhulu nangokuchaneka. Khawuthelekelele ihlabathi elingenazo izixhobo zombane—akukho zibane, akukho zixhobo, akukho intanethi. Akunakucingelwa.


Izixhobo zombane ezikhuselekileyo nezithembekileyo zisisiseko soluntu lwethu oluqhutywa bubuchwepheshe. Asikuko nje ukuba lula; siyimfuneko. Ukususela ekunikezeni amandla emakhaya ethu ukuya ekuqhubeni iinkqubo zoshishino, izixhobo zombane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kodwa xa amandla amakhulu eza noxanduva olukhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo zombane kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela iingozi, ukuphazamiseka kombane, kunye neentlekele ezinokubakho.


Eli nqaku liza kukuthatha uhambo oluya kuqhubeka nophuhliso lwezixhobo zombane, liqaqambisa imingeni ekwajongwana nayo kwiintsuku zokuqala kunye nenkqubela phambili emangalisayo eye yatshintsha eli shishini. Siza kuhlola izinto ezintsha ezibalulekileyo eziphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka, indima ebalulekileyo yababoneleli, kunye nemingeni kunye neendlela ezibumba ikamva lezixhobo zombane.

Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kukho ugxininiso olukhulayo ekusetyenzisweni kwedijithali kwenethiwekhi zokusasazwa kwamandla. Utshintsho oluya kwiinkqubo zegridi ekrelekrele, ezisebenzisa itekhnoloji yedijithali ukulawula nokujonga ukuhamba kwamandla, luye lwabaluleka ngakumbi. Iigridi ezikrelekrele zibonelela ngokuthembeka okuphuculweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kwaye zinegalelo elikhulu kwimizamo yozinzo iyonke. Icandelo elibalulekileyo lale gridi ekrelekrele sisixhobo se-transformer, esinoxanduva lokulungisa amanqanaba ombane ukugcina uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwegridi.


Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwaye neemfuno zamandla zikhula, ii-transformers zemveli zihlala zisokola ukuqhubeka nazo. Le ngxaki igxininisa ukubaluleka kokuphucula izixhobo ze-transformer. Ngokwenza njalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-smart grid kuyaphucuka, kwaye ukuziqhelanisa kwayo neemfuno zamandla ezitshintshayo kunye neemeko kuyakhula. Ngenxa yoko, eli nqaku liza kuhlola izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuphuculwa izixhobo ze-transformer kwiinkqubo ze-smart grid, zibonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo yokukhokela iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo.

Kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zombane, umatshini wokujika ifoyile udlala indima ebalulekileyo. Sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esinegalelo elikhulu ekudalweni kweetransformers ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iireactors, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokungenisa. Ukubaluleka kokukhetha umatshini wokujika ifoyile ofanelekileyo akunakugxininiswa kakhulu njengoko kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthembeka, kunye nobude bexesha lale zixhobo.


Umatshini wokujija ifoyile usetyenziselwa ukujija ifoyile yesinyithi, ngesiqhelo ubhedu okanye i-aluminium, kunye nezinto zokukhusela ukwenza i-coil. Le coil yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo ezininzi zombane, isebenza njengendawo yokudlulisela amandla. Ke ngoko, umgangatho we-coil, omiselwa kakhulu ngumatshini oyijijayo, unempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo.


Indima yomatshini wokujika ifoyile isasazeka kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukusasazwa kwamandla, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, iimoto, kunye namandla avuselelekayo. Kumashishini ombane, umzekelo, aba matshini banegalelo elikhulu ekuveliseni ii-transformers ezinceda ekudlulisweni nasekusasazweni kombane. Kumashishini oomatshini, basetyenziswa ekuveliseni izixhobo zezithuthi zombane. Xa kujongwa ukusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo kunye nenani elikhulu elibandakanyekayo, kubalulekile ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi xa ukhetha umatshini wokujika ifoyile. Kwinqaku elilandelayo, siza kujonga nzulu indlela yokwenza olu khetho lubalulekileyo.

Oomatshini bokujika ifoyile bayinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kweetransformers, ii-inductors, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane. Aba matshini bajika ifoyile yesinyithi, edla ngokwenziwa ngobhedu okanye i-aluminium, bajikeleze umongo ukuze benze ikhoyili, eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezi zixhobo. Umatshini wokujikeleza ifoyile udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza kwezi zixhobo zombane.


Ukubaluleka koomatshini bokujika ifoyile akunakugxininiswa kakhulu. Basetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nokusasazwa kwamandla, unxibelelwano, iimoto, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, nokunye. Ishishini ngalinye lifuna iintlobo ezithile zeekhoyili, kwaye ukuguquguquka komatshini wokujikeleza ifoyile kuvumela ukudalwa kwezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zekhoyili. Ngokuqonda nokuhlola izisombululo eziphambili kumatshini wokujikeleza ifoyile, amashishini anokuphucula ukusebenza kwawo kwemveliso, anciphise iindleko, kwaye ekugqibeleni anikezele iimveliso ezingcono kubathengi bawo.

Funda ngesikhokelo sethu esinzulu esihlola iintlobo ze-transformer core. Funda ngeempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo, imisebenzi yazo, kunye nezicelo zazo ukuze wenze ukhetho olunolwazi.


Iitransformer zifumaneka kwihlabathi lobunjineli bombane kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla. Zisebenza njengomqolo weziseko zethu zombane, zisenza kube lula ukuhanjiswa kombane ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka kwizityalo zombane ukuya emakhayeni ethu nakwiishishini. Intliziyo yetransformer nganye inendawo ebalulekileyo - eyona nto iphambili. Ukuqonda iintlobo zeetransformer core kubalulekile kwiinjineli, iingcali, kunye naye nabani na obandakanyeka kwicandelo le-elektroniki, njengoko kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.


Xa kufikwa kwiitransformer, ayilomeko yobukhulu obufanayo. Usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lufuna izixhobo eziphambili ezahlukeneyo kunye noyilo, nganye ineempawu zayo, izibonelelo kunye nemida yayo. Kule khokelo ibanzi, siza kukusa kuhambo kwihlabathi elinomtsalane lee-transformer cores. Siza kujonga kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, sikhanyise ngeempawu zazo ezahlukeneyo kunye nosetyenziso apho zikhanya khona.


Nokuba ungunjineli wombane onamava okanye ungumntu onomdla nje wokwazi indlela ezisebenza ngayo ii-transformers, esi sikhokelo siza kukuxhobisa ngolwazi olufunekayo ukuze wenze ukhetho olunolwazi ekukhetheni i-transformer core efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile. Joyina nathi njengoko sityhila ubunzima beentlobo ze-transformer core kwaye sifumanise indima ebalulekileyo eziyidlalayo ekunikeni amandla kwihlabathi lethu lanamhlanje.

Fumanisa amaqhinga okugcina izixhobo ze-transformer ezinokuthi zandise ubomi bazo kwaye ziphucule ukusebenza kwazo, ziqinisekise ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko kwiindawo zoshishino.


Izixhobo ze-transformer ziqhawe elingadunyiswanga kushishino lwanamhlanje, zivumela ngokuthe cwaka ukusasazwa kwamandla ombane ngokufanelekileyo ukuqhuba inkqubela phambili yethu kwezobuchwepheshe nakwimizi-mveliso. Ezi zixhobo zingathobekiyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni amanqanaba ombane, ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kombane ngokukhuselekileyo ukuya kumandla emakhaya ethu, kumashishini nakwiziseko ezibalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona zinendima ebalulekileyo, ii-transformer zihlala zisebenza ngasemva, zingabonwa kwaye zingacingi, de kubekho into engalunganga.


Kule sikhokelo sibanzi, siza kukhanyisa ihlabathi elingakhathalelwanga kodwa elibaluleke kakhulu lokugcinwa kwezixhobo ze-transformer. Siza kuhlola indlela ukugcinwa rhoqo okungabalulekanga ngayo kuphela kodwa okunokuguqula izinto, okukwaziyo ukwandisa ubomi bezi zixhobo zisebenzayo kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwazo. Ukusuka kwizityalo zokuvelisa ukuya kwizikhululo zezixhobo, uhambo lwethu luqala ngokuhlola indima ebalulekileyo yezixhobo ze-transformer kumashishini kunye nokuqonda ukuba kutheni ukugcinwa ngenkuthalo kusisiseko sokuthembeka kwazo kunye nobomi bazo obude.

Fumana izinto ezibalulekileyo kwii-transformer cores kwaye uqonde izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha ukuze usebenze kakuhle.


Iitransformer zimi njengabalindi abazolileyo kwicandelo leenkqubo zombane, zilungelelanisa ukudluliselwa kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla ombane anika amandla ihlabathi lethu lanamhlanje. Ezi zixhobo zingenabugorha, ezihlala zifihlwe kwizikhululo okanye zifakwe kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, zenza umqolo wobunjineli bombane, zivumela ukusasazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane ngokufanelekileyo. Indima yazo ibalulekile, ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kokuveliswa kombane kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo ngokunyusa i-voltage yokudlulisela umgama omde kunye nokuyinciphisa ukuze isetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo emakhayeni ethu, kwimizi-mveliso nakwizixhobo. Ngokwenyani, iitransformer zingabakhi abangadumanga behlabathi elinombane esiphila kulo.


Ngaphantsi komphezulu ongenabugocigoci wee-transformer kukho into ebalulekileyo—i-transformer core. Le core ingenabugocigoci, kude nokuba yi-passive, isebenza njengenjini eqhuba ukuguqulwa kwamandla ombane abe ngamandla emagnethi aze abuyele kumandla ombane ngelixa inciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Yinto ephambili yokusebenza kwe-transformer, elawula kungekuphela nje ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa nokuthembeka. Ukukhethwa kwe-transformer core efanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ibumba ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle, ixesha elide, kunye neempawu ze-electromagnetic. Kweli nqaku, siqala uhambo lokutyhila ukubaluleka okukhulu kwee-transformers kwaye, okubaluleke kakhulu, ii-cores zazo ezibalulekileyo, zikunika ulwazi olufunekayo ukuze wenze ukhetho olunolwazi olufanelekileyo lokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zombane.

Kwisekethe ye-AC, kukho iingcamango ezintathu zamandla ombane: amandla asebenzayo, amandla asebenzayo kunye namandla abonakalayo. I-KVA imele amandla abonakalayo, aquka amandla asebenzayo kunye namandla asebenzayo. I-KW imele amandla asebenzayo, kwaye i-kVar imele amandla asebenzayo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-kW kunye ne-kVar kunye nokuguqulwa apho kukho ingcamango - amandla e-cos ф, amandla asebenzayo kW=UIcos ф, amandla asebenzayo kVar=UIsin ф, kunye namandla abonakalayo kVA=UI(U yi-voltage, u-I ngumbane).

Electrical Technology Q&A (1.1)
What is the basic content of Kirchhoff's law?
2. What is skin effect?
3. What are the concepts and characteristics of parallel resonance?
4. How are eddies created? What is eddy current loss?
5.What is the transition process? What causes the transition process?
6. What is the superposition principle?