Esimweni sezimboni sanamuhla esisheshayo, ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinto eziningi ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezishintshe izinqubo zokukhiqiza, imigqa ye-Cut to Length (CTL) ivelele njengomdlali obalulekile.

Imigqa ye-Cut to Length isungule ukubaluleka kwayo ezimbonini eziningi, okuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekukhiqizweni kwensimbi, ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto, noma ekwakheni, imigqa ye-CTL isibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezimisweni, ekusetshenzisweni, kanye nezinzuzo zemigqa ye-Cut to Length, sikhanyise izindlela zayo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezinzuzo eziningi ezinikezayo. Sizoxoxa futhi ngezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki.

Ama-Transformer angamaqhawe angadunyiswanga ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, anika amandla umhlaba wethu ngokuthula ngokuguqula nokusabalalisa amandla kagesi. Kusukela ezimbonini ezimatasa zezitshalo zokukhiqiza kuya kumanethiwekhi ayinkimbinkimbi egridi kagesi, ama-transformer adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kukagesi okuqhubekayo.

Kodwa-ke, ukuthembeka kwazo kuncike esicini esibalulekile: umongo we-transformer. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umhlaba wama-transformer cores, sihlole ukubaluleka kwawo kanye nesidingo esibalulekile sokuwavikela ekushiseni ngokweqile nasekuhlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizokhanyisa indima ebalulekile yabahlinzeki bekhwalithi ephezulu kulo msebenzi.

Imishini yokusika idlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, isebenza njengomgogodla wezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Kusukela kwezimoto kuya ekwakheni nangale kwalokho, le mishini ibalulekile ekuguquleni ama-coil amakhulu ezinto abe yimichilo eqondile, ehlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni.


Ukubaluleka kokukhetha umhlinzeki ofanele womshini wakho wokusika izintambo akunakuphikiswa, njengoba kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo wakho kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki womshini wokusika izintambo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kuhambisana nezidingo zakho ezithile kanye nokulindela.

Ugesi unika amandla umhlaba wanamuhla, uphethiloli emakhaya ethu, ezimbonini kanye nobuchwepheshe. Uyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, kodwa ungaba yingozi efanayo uma ungasetshenziswa ngokucophelela nangokucophelela okukhulu. Cabanga ngezwe elingenazo izinto zikagesi—akukho zibani, akukho zinto zikagesi, akukho i-inthanethi. Akunakwenzeka.


Imishini kagesi ephephile nethembekile iyinsika yomphakathi wethu oqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe. Akuyona nje into elula; kuyisidingo. Kusukela ekunikezeni amandla emakhaya ethu kuya ekuqhubekiseni izinqubo zezimboni, imishini kagesi idlala indima ebalulekile. Kodwa ngamandla amakhulu kuza nomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwemishini kagesi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela izingozi, ukuphazamiseka kwamandla, kanye nezinhlekelele ezingaba khona.


Lesi sihloko sizokuhambisa ohambweni lokuthuthuka kwemishini kagesi, siqokomise izinselele ezibhekene nazo ezinsukwini zokuqala kanye nentuthuko emangalisayo eshintshe imboni. Sizohlola izinto ezintsha ezibalulekile ezithuthukisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka, indima ebalulekile yabahlinzeki, kanye nezinselele kanye nezitayela ezibumba ikusasa lemishini kagesi.

Kusukela namuhla, kugcizelelwa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali kwamanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla. Ukushintshela ezinhlelweni zegridi ehlakaniphile, ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali ukuphatha nokuqapha ukugeleza kwamandla, sekubaluleke kakhulu. Amagridi ahlakaniphile anikeza ukuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, futhi anegalelo elikhulu emizamweni yokuzinza iyonke. Ingxenye ebalulekile yalezi gridi ezihlakaniphile imishini ye-transformer, enesibopho sokulungisa amazinga kagesi ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza nokusebenza kahle kwegridi.


Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha futhi izidingo zamandla zikhula, ama-transformer endabuko avame ukuba nzima ukuhambisana nawo. Lolu daba luqokomisa ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa imishini ye-transformer. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ukusebenza kahle kwegridi ehlakaniphile kuyathuthuka, futhi ukuzivumelanisa kwayo nezidingo nezimo zamandla ezishintshayo kuyakhula. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sihloko sizohlola izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuthuthukiswa imishini ye-transformer yezinhlelo zegridi ehlakaniphile, okuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokuqondisa izinqubo zokwenza izinqumo.

Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza imishini kagesi, umshini wokugoqa i-foil udlala indima ebalulekile. Uyithuluzi elibalulekile elinegalelo elikhulu ekudalweni kwama-transformer asezingeni eliphezulu, ama-reactor, kanye namanye amadivayisi okusiza. Ukubaluleka kokukhetha umshini wokugoqa i-foil ofanele akunakuphikiswa njengoba kuthonya ngqo ukusebenza kahle, ukuthembeka, kanye nobude besikhathi sala madivayisi.


Umshini wokugoqa i-foil usetshenziselwa ukugoqa ama-foil ensimbi, ngokuvamile ithusi noma i-aluminium, kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukwakha i-coil. Le coil iyingxenye ebalulekile kumadivayisi amaningi kagesi, isebenza njengendlela yokudlulisa amandla. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi ye-coil, enqunywa kakhulu ngumshini oyigoqayo, inomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwedivayisi.


Indima yomshini wokugoqa i-foil isabalala kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, izinto zikagesi, izimoto, kanye namandla avuselelekayo. Embonini yamandla, isibonelo, le mishini ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-transformer asiza ekudlulisweni nasekusabalalisweni kukagesi. Embonini yezimoto, isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye zezimoto zikagesi. Uma sibheka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene kanye nezingozi ezinkulu ezihilelekile, kubalulekile ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi lapho ukhetha umshini wokugoqa i-foil. Esihlokweni esilandelayo, sizohlola ngokujulile ukuthi singakukhetha kanjani lokhu okubalulekile.

Imishini yokugoqa i-foil iyisici esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwama-transformer, ama-inductor, namanye amadivayisi kagesi. Le mishini igoqa i-wind metal foil, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngethusi noma i-aluminium, izungeze umongo ukuze yakhe ikhoyili, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yala madivayisi. Umshini wokugoqa i-foil udlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusebenza kwalezi zingxenye zikagesi.


Ukubaluleka kwemishini yokugoqa i-foil akunakugcizelelwa. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene efana nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ezokuxhumana, ezimoto, izinto zikagesi, nokuningi. Imboni ngayinye idinga izinhlobo ezithile zama-coil, futhi ukuguquguquka komshini wokugoqa i-foil kuvumela ukudalwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zama-coil. Ngokuqonda nokuhlola izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe emishinini yokugoqa i-foil, amabhizinisi angathuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo kahle kokukhiqiza, anciphise izindleko, futhi ekugcineni alethe imikhiqizo engcono kumakhasimende awo.

Funda kabanzi ngomhlahlandlela wethu ojulile ohlola izinhlobo ze-transformer core. Funda ngezici zazo ezihlukile, imisebenzi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.


Ama-transformer atholakala yonke indawo emhlabeni wobunjiniyela kagesi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla. Asebenza njengomgogodla wengqalasizinda yethu kagesi, enza kube lula ukudluliselwa kukagesi kusuka ezitshalweni zikagesi kuya emakhaya nasemabhizinisini ethu. Enhliziyweni yawo wonke ama-transformer kunendawo ebalulekile - ingqikithi. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ze-transformer core kubalulekile konjiniyela, ochwepheshe, nanoma ubani ohilelekile emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi, njengoba kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekufinyeleleni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle.


Uma kukhulunywa ngama-transformer, akuyona into eyodwa efanelana nazo zonke. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zidinga izinto eziyisisekelo ezahlukene kanye nemiklamo, ngayinye inezici zayo, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo. Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele, sizokuhambisa ohambweni oluhamba phambili ezweni elithakazelisayo lama-transformer cores. Sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene ezitholakalayo, sikhanyise ngezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho zikhanya khona.


Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungunjiniyela kagesi onolwazi noma ungumuntu othanda ukwazi ukuthi ama-transformer asebenza kanjani, lo mhlahlandlela uzokunikeza ulwazi oludingayo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ekukhetheni i-transformer core efanele izidingo zakho ezithile. Joyina nathi njengoba sivula ubunzima bezinhlobo ze-transformer core futhi sithole indima ebalulekile abayidlalayo ekunikezeni amandla umhlaba wethu wanamuhla.

Thola amasu okulungisa abalulekile emishini ye-transformer engandisa kakhulu isikhathi sayo sokuphila futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo, iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha ezindaweni zezimboni.


Imishini ye-transformer iyiqhawe elingadunyiswanga embonini yanamuhla, evumela buthule ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi okuphumelelayo ukuze kuqhutshwe intuthuko yethu yezobuchwepheshe neyezimboni. Lawa madivayisi angenasizotha adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphatheni amazinga kagesi, ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kukagesi okuphephile ukuze kunikezwe amandla emakhaya ethu, amabhizinisi, kanye nengqalasizinda ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwendima yawo ebalulekile, ama-transformer avame ukusebenza ngemuva, ngaphandle kokubona nokucabanga, kuze kube yilapho kukhona okungahambi kahle.


Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele, sizokhanyisa umhlaba ovame ukunganakwa kodwa obaluleke kakhulu wokunakekelwa kwemishini ye-transformer. Sizohlola ukuthi ukulungiswa njalo akugcini nje ngokuba okubalulekile kodwa futhi okuguqulayo, okukwazi ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwala ma-workhorses kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwawo. Kusukela ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza kuya eziteshini zikagesi, uhambo lwethu luqala ngokuhlola indima ebalulekile yemishini ye-transformer ezimbonini kanye nokuqonda ukuthi kungani ukulungiswa ngenkuthalo kuyisisekelo sokuthembeka kwayo kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Thola izinto ezibalulekile zama-core e-transformer futhi uqonde izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ukuze usebenze kahle.


Ama-transformer ami njengabalindi abathule emkhakheni wezinhlelo zikagesi, ehlela ukudluliselwa okubalulekile kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi anika amandla umhlaba wethu wanamuhla. Lawa madivayisi angenasizotha, avame ukufihlwa ngaphakathi kweziteshi noma afakwe ngaphakathi kwemishini kagesi, akha umgogodla wobunjiniyela kagesi, okwenza kube nokusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kahle kukagesi. Indima yawo iyisisekelo, ukuvala igebe phakathi kokukhiqizwa kukagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo ngokwandisa i-voltage yokudlulisela ibanga elide kanye nokuyinciphisa ukuze isetshenziswe ngokuphephile emakhaya ethu, ezimbonini, nakumadivayisi. Empeleni, ama-transformer angabakhi abangaziwa bomhlaba kagesi esihlala kuwo.


Ngaphansi kobuso obungenasizotha bama-transformer kukhona ingxenye ebalulekile—i-core ye-transformer. Le core ethobekile, engeyona engenzi lutho, isebenza njengenjini eqhuba ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi abe amandla kazibuthe futhi ibuyele emandleni kagesi ngenkathi inciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Iyisisekelo sokusebenza kwe-transformer, engabusi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi nokuthembeka. Ukukhethwa kwe-core ye-transformer efanele kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kwakheka ngqo ukusebenza kahle, isikhathi eside, kanye nezici ze-electromagnetic. Kulesi sihloko, siqala uhambo lokwembula ukubaluleka okujulile kwama-transformer, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-core awo abalulekile, sikuhlomise ngolwazi oludingekayo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluhle lokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zikagesi.

Ku-AC circuit, kunemibono emithathu yamandla kagesi: amandla asebenzayo, amandla asebenzayo kanye namandla abonakalayo. I-KVA imele amandla abonakalayo, okuhlanganisa amandla asebenzayo kanye namandla asebenzayo. I-KW imele amandla asebenzayo, kanti i-kVar imele amandla asebenzayo. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-kW ne-kVar kanye nokuguqulwa lapho kunomqondo - i-power factor cos ф, amandla asebenzayo kW=UIcos ф, amandla asebenzayo kVar=UIsin ф, kanye namandla abonakalayo kVA=UI(U yi-voltage, u-I ungumshini wamanje).

Imibuzo Nezimpendulo Zobuchwepheshe Bukagesi (1.1)
Kuyini okuqukethwe okuyisisekelo komthetho kaKirchhoff?
2. Uyini umphumela wesikhumba?
3. Yimiphi imiqondo kanye nezici ze-resonance ehambisanayo?
4. Ama-eddie adalwa kanjani? Kuyini ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy?
5. Iyini inqubo yokuguquka? Yini ebangela inqubo yokuguquka?
6. Iyini isimiso se-superposition?