Imibuzo neempendulo ze-Power transformer ezili-17! Jonga ukuba uyazi ntoni...

01

Kutheni kufuneka umbindi wetransformer usekelwe?

Kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwe-power transformer, i-iron core kufuneka ibekwe phantsi ngokuqinileyo. Ukuba akukho grounding, i-suspension voltage ye-iron core emhlabeni iya kubangela ukuqhekeka okungapheliyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-iron core emhlabeni, kwaye ithuba lokwenza i-suspension potential ye-iron core liyasuswa emva kokuba i-iron core ibekwe phantsi. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-iron core ibekwe phezu kwamanqaku angaphezu kwamabini, i-equation potential phakathi kwe-cores iya kwenza ukujikeleza phakathi kwamanqaku omhlaba kwaye ibangele i-multi-point grounding heating fault ye-core.

Impazamo yomhlaba yentsimbi yetransformer iya kubangela ukugqithiswa kakhulu kwentsimbi yentsimbi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukunyuka kobushushu bendawo yentsimbi kuya kwanda, ukusebenza kwegesi ekhaphukhaphu, kwanengozi yokuhamba kwegesi enzima iya kubangelwa. Impazamo ye-short-circuit phakathi kweetships zentsimbi yenziwa yintsimbi etshisiweyo engaphelelanga, nto leyo enyusa ukulahleka kwentsimbi kwaye ichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwetransformer, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha iphepha lesinyithi lesilicon yentsimbi yentsimbi ukuze kulungiswe. Ngoko ke iitransformer azivumeli ukugalelwa komhlaba okunamachaphaza amaninzi kunye nokugalelwa komhlaba okunamachaphaza elinye kuphela.

02

Kutheni ii-transformers zisebenzisa amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon njengee-cores?

I-transformer core eqhelekileyo yenziwe nge-silicon steel sheet. I-silicon steel luhlobo lwe-silicon (i-silicon eyaziwa ngokuba yi-silicon), umxholo wayo we-silicon kwi-0.8 ~ 4.8%. I-core ye-transformer yenziwe nge-silicon steel, kuba i-silicon steel ngokwayo yinto enomtsalane ene-magnetic conductivity enamandla. Kwi-coil enikwe amandla, inokuvelisa amandla amakhulu e-magnetic induction, ukuze umthamo we-transformer uncitshiswe.

Njengoko sisazi, i-transformer yokwenyani ihlala isebenza kwimeko ye-ac, kwaye ukulahleka kwamandla akupheleli nje ekuxhathiseni kwekhoyili, kodwa nakwi-iron core ekhanyiswa yi-alternating current. Ukulahleka kwamandla kwi-iron core kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"iron loss". Ukulahleka kwe-iron kubangelwa zizizathu ezibini, enye yi-"hysteresis loss" kwaye enye yi-"eddy current loss".

Ukulahleka kwe-Hysteresis kukulahleka kwesinyithi okubangelwa yi-hysteresis phenomenon kwinkqubo yemagnetization ye-iron core. Ubungakanani bokulahleka oku bulingana nendawo ejikelezwe yi-hysteresis loop yezinto. I-hysteresis loop ye-silicon steel incinci, kwaye i-hysteresis hysteresis core yesinyithi esetyenziswa njenge-transformer incinci, nto leyo enokunciphisa kakhulu iqondo layo lokufudumeza.

Ekubeni intsimbi yesilicon inezi nzuzo zingasentla, kutheni ungasebenzisi yonke intsimbi yesilicon njengesiseko, kodwa uyicubungule ibe ngamashiti?

Kungenxa yokuba i-flake core inciphisa olunye uhlobo lokulahleka kwesinyithi olubizwa ngokuba yi-eddy current loss. Ukusebenza kwe-transformer, kukho i-alternating current kwi-coil, ivelisa i-magnetic flux ewe iyatshintshatshintsha. Olu tshintsho lwe-flux ludala i-induced current kwi-iron core. I-induced current eyenziwe kwi-iron core ijikeleza kwi-plane i-perpendicular ukuya kwicala le-magnetic flux, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-eddy current. I-Eddy current loss ikwatshisa i-core. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-eddy current loss, i-iron core ye-transformer ipakishwe ngamashiti esinyithi e-silicon agqunywe ngci, ukuze i-eddy current idlule kwicandelo elincinci kwisekethe ende nemxinwa ukwandisa ukumelana kwindlela ye-eddy current. Kwangaxeshanye, i-silicon kwi-silicon steel yonyusa i-resistivity yezinto, kwaye idlala indima ekunciphiseni i-eddy current.

Kwisiseko sesinyithi esisetyenziswa njenge-transformer, ishiti yesinyithi yesilicon eqengqelekayo ebandayo enobukhulu obuyi-0.35mm isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngokwesayizi yesiseko sesinyithi esifunekayo, isikwa ibe ngamashiti amade ize idityaniswe ibe yimo "yelanga" okanye "yomlomo". Ngokomgaqo, ukuze kuncitshiswe umsinga we-eddy, okukhona ishiti yesinyithi yesilicon incinci, kokukhona umcu wokudibanisa uba mxinwa, kwaye kokukhona isiphumo siba ngcono. Oku akunciphisi nje kuphela ukulahleka komsinga we-eddy kunye nokunyuka kobushushu, kodwa kusindisa nezinto zeshiti yesinyithi yesilicon. Kodwa eneneni xa kusenziwa isiseko sesinyithi sesilicon. Kungekuphela nje kwiingenelo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ukwenza isiseko kuya kufuna ukonyuka okukhulu kwiiyure zomsebenzi kunye nokwehla kwecandelo elisebenzayo lesiseko. Ke ngoko, xa kusenziwa isiseko setransformer ngeshiti yesinyithi yesilicon, kufuneka siqale kwimeko ethile, silinganise iingenelo kunye nokungalungi, kwaye sikhethe ubungakanani obufanelekileyo.

03

Yintoni umlinganiselo wokukhusela igesi?

1) Isekethe emfutshane yesigaba esineenkalo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwitransformer.

2) Ukujikeleza okufutshane phakathi kokujika, ukujikeleza okufutshane phakathi kokujika kunye nombindi wentsimbi okanye iqokobhe.

3) Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-iron core.

4) Ioyile phantsi komphezulu okanye ukuvuza kweoyile.

5) Unxibelelwano olubi lweswitshi yempompo okanye intambo yokuwelda ayiqinanga.

04

Yintoni umahluko phakathi komahluko ophambili we-transformer kunye nokukhuselwa kwegesi?

1, ukhuselo oluphambili lokwahluka kwe-transformer luyilwe kwaye lwenziwa ngokomgaqo wokujikeleza komsinga, kwaye ukhuseleko lwegesi luyilwe kwaye lwenziwa ngokweempawu zegesi eveliswayo okanye ebolileyo xa i-transformer yangaphakathi isilela.

2. Ukhuseleko lokwahluka lukhuselo oluphambili lwe-transformer, kwaye ukhuseleko lwegesi lukhuselo oluphambili lwempazamo yangaphakathi ye-transformer.

3, ngokwemida eyahlukeneyo yokhuseleko:

Ukhuselo olwahlukileyo:

1) Umgca ophambili we-transformer lead kunye ne-transformer coil zine-multiphase short circuit.

2) i-short circuit enzulu yesigaba esinye.

3) Ingxaki yokumisa isiseko sekhoyili yokukhusela kunye nocingo lwentsimbi yelothe kwinkqubo yokumisa isiseko enamandla aphezulu.

B Ukhuseleko lwegesi:

1) I-transformer yangaphakathi enezigaba ezininzi zesekethe emfutshane.

2) i-inter-turn short circuit, i-inter-turn kunye ne-core okanye i-outer kunye ne-short circuit.

3) Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-iron core (ukulahleka kobushushu nokutsha).

4) Ioyile phantsi komphezulu okanye ukuvuza kweoyile.

5) Unxibelelwano olubi lweswitshi yempompo okanye ukuwelda kakubi kwentambo.

05

Ungajongana njani nengxaki ye-main transformer cooler?

1. Xa umbane osebenzayo wecandelo le-I kunye nele-II le-cooler ulahlekile, isignali ethi "#1, #2 power failure" iya kuthunyelwa. I-transformer cooler ephambili iya kuma kwaye i-trip circuit iqhagamshelwe.

2. Kwimeko yokungasebenzi kombane otshintshiweyo kwicandelo I nelesi-II ngexesha lokusebenza, "ii-cooler all stops" ziyakhanyiswa, emva koko ii-transformer cooler eziphambili kunye ne-trip circuit ziqhagamshelwe. Iseti yokhuseleko kufuneka ixelwe ngoko nangoko ekuthuthweni kwaye ikhutshazwe, kwaye ukutshintshwa ngesandla kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza.

3. Xa nayiphi na isekethe yokupholisa ingaphumeleli, yikhuphele isekethe yokupholisa enengxaki.

06

Zithini iziphumo zokusebenza ngaxeshanye kwee-transformers ezingahlangabezani neemeko zokusebenza ngaxeshanye?

Xa i-variable ratio ingafani kwaye isebenza ngaxeshanye, kuya kubakho ukujikeleza kwegazi, okuchaphazela imveliso ye-transformer, ukuba ipesenti ye-impedance ayisebenzi ngaxeshanye kwaye isebenza ngaxeshanye, ayinakusasaza umthwalo ngokwesilinganiso somthamo we-transformer, kodwa ikwachaphazela nemveliso ye-transformer. Xa amaqela eentambo engalingani kwaye esebenza ngaxeshanye, i-transformer iya kukhawulezisa ukujikeleza.

07

Yintoni ebangela isandi esingaqhelekanga se-transformer?

1) umthwalo ogqithisileyo;

2) Ukudibana okungalunganga kwangaphakathi, ukutshaya kokukhupha;

3) Ezinye iindawo zikhululekile;

4) Kukho i-grounding okanye i-short circuit kwinkqubo;

5) Ukuqala kwenjini enkulu kubangela utshintsho olukhulu kumthwalo.

08

Kunini apho iswitshi yokucofa yesilawuli sevolthi esikwi-load ye-transformer ingavumelekanga ukulungiswa?

1) Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwetransformer (ngaphandle kweemeko ezikhethekileyo)

2) Xa ukhuseleko lwegesi olukhaphukhaphu lwesixhobo esilawula uxinzelelo olukwimithwalo luvela rhoqo.

3) xa kungekho oyile kuphawu lweoyile lwesixhobo esilawula uxinzelelo olukwimithwalo.

4) Xa inani loxinzelelo olulawulayo lidlula inani elichaziweyo.

5) Ukwenzeka okungaqhelekanga kwesixhobo esilawula uxinzelelo.

09

Zithini iireyithingi kwi-nameplate ye-transformer?

Uvavanyo lwe-transformer ngumgaqo womenzi wokusetyenziswa kwe-transformer ngokuqhelekileyo, i-transformer ikwimeko yokusebenza kwe-rating echaziweyo, inokuqinisekisa umsebenzi othembekileyo wexesha elide, kwaye isebenze kakuhle. Uvavanyo lwayo luquka oku kulandelayo:

1, umthamo olinganisiweyo: i-transformer ikwimeko elinganisiweyo yomthamo wokuphuma wexabiso eliqinisekisiweyo, iyunithi ene-volt-ampere (VA), i-kilovolt-ampere (kVA) okanye i-mega volt-ampere (MVA), kuba i-transformer isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ngesiqhelo ixabiso loyilo lomthamo wokuqala nowesibini olinganisiweyo lilingana.

2, i-voltage elinganisiweyo: ibhekisa kwixabiso eliqinisekisiweyo le-voltage yesiphelo se-transformer xa kungekho mthwalo, ochazwa kwii-volts (V) kunye nee-kilovolts (kV). Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela, i-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-voltage yomgca womnwe.

3. Umlinganiselo wamandla: ubhekisa kumgca wamandla ombane obalwe ngokwemilinganiselo yomthamo kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla ombane, ochazwe kwi-ampere (A).

4, umsinga ongenamthwalo: umsinga wokukhupha umthwalo ongenamthwalo kwipesenti yangoku elinganisiweyo.

5, ilahleko yesekethe emfutshane: icala elinye lesekethe emfutshane ejikelezayo, elinye icala le-voltage ejikelezayo ukuze omabini amacala e-winding afikelele kwilahleko esebenzayo yangoku elinganisiweyo, echazwe kwi-watts (W) okanye kwi-kilowatt (kW).

6, ukulahleka komthwalo: kubhekisa ekulahlekelweni kwamandla asebenzayo kwe-transformer ekusebenzeni okungekho mthwalo, okubonakaliswa kwiiwatts (W) okanye kwiikilowatts (kW).

7, i-voltage yesekethe emfutshane: eyaziwa ngokuba yi-impedance voltage, ibhekisa kwelinye icala le-short circuit ejikelezayo, elinye icala le-winding ukufikelela kwi-voltage esetyenzisiweyo yangoku elinganiselweyo kunye nepesenti ye-voltage elinganiselweyo.

8. Iqela loqhagamshelo: libonisa indlela yoqhagamshelo lwee-windings eziphambili nezesibini kunye nomahluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-voltages yomgca, emelwe yiwotshi.

10

Kutheni abaguquli bemithombo yangoku befuna umthamo omkhulu we-transformer?

Iitransformer ngokubanzi zenzelwe umthamo olinganisiweyo, hayi amandla alinganisiweyo, kuba umbane wazo unxulumene kuphela nomthamo olinganisiweyo. Kwiziguquli ze-voltage-source, umthamo olinganisiweyo kunye namandla alinganisiweyo ziphantse zilingane kuba i-input power factor ikufutshane ne-1. I-current source converter ayinjalo, i-input side transformer power factor yayo ilingana kakhulu nomthwalo we-asynchronous motor power factor, ngoko ke kwi-load motor efanayo, umthamo wayo olinganisiweyo mkhulu kune-voltage source converter transformer.

11

Ingaba amandla e-transformer anxulumene nantoni?

Ukukhethwa kwentsimbi engundoqo kunxulumene ne-voltage, kwaye ukhetho lwentambo lunxulumene nombane, oko kukuthi, ubukhulu bentambo bunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nexabiso le-calorific. Oko kukuthi, amandla e-transformer anxulumene kuphela nexabiso le-calorific. Kwi-transformer eyilwe, ukuba ukuchithwa kobushushu akulunganga kwindawo esingqongileyo, ukuba yi-1000KVA, ukuba amandla okuchithwa kobushushu anyusiwe, kunokwenzeka ukusebenza kwi-1250KVA.

Ukongeza, umthamo oqhelekileyo we-transformer ukwanxulumene nokunyuka kobushushu okuvumelekileyo, umzekelo, ukuba i-transformer ye-1000KVA, ukunyuka kobushushu okuvumelekileyo yi-100K, ukuba kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, inokuvunyelwa ukuba isebenze ukuya kuthi ga kwi-120K, umthamo wayo ungaphezulu kwe-1000KVA. Kunokubonwa nokuba ukuba iimeko zokusasaza ubushushu ze-transformer ziphuculwe, umthamo wayo oqhelekileyo unokwandiswa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kumthamo ofanayo we-converter, umthamo wekhabhinethi ye-transformer unokuncipha.

12

Ungayiphucula njani indlela esebenza ngayo i-transformer?

1) Zama ukukhetha i-transformer elahlekelwa kancinci, esebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye nokonga amandla

2) Ngokomthwalo, khetha i-transformer enomthamo ofanelekileyo

3) Umlinganiselo womthwalo oqhelekileyo we-transformer kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kwe-70%

4) xa i-coefficient yomthwalo oqhelekileyo idla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-30%, i-transformer encinci kufuneka itshintshwe njengoko kufanelekile

5) Phucula amandla omthwalo ukuze kuphuculwe amandla e-transformer okudlulisa amandla asebenzayo

6) Uqwalaselo olufanelekileyo lomthwalo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa inani lokusebenza kwetransformer

13

Kutheni kufuneka kukhawuleziswe utshintsho lobuchwephesha lwe-transformer yokusasazwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu?

Iitransformer ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekusasazweni kwamandla zibhekisa kakhulu kwezi: SJ, SJL, SL7, S7 kunye nezinye iitransformer ezisebenzisa uthotho, ukulahleka kwesinyithi, ukulahleka kobhedu kuphezulu kakhulu kuneetransformer ezisebenzisa uthotho lweS9 ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku, ezifana neS7 xa kuthelekiswa neS9, ukulahleka kwesinyithi kuphezulu nge-11%, ukulahleka kobhedu kuphezulu ngama-28%.

Kwaye i-transformer entsha, efana ne-S10, i-S11 transformer kune-S9 energy saving, ilahleko yesinyithi ye-transformer ye-alloy amorphous ilingana ne-S7 20%. Ii-transformer zihlala zisebenza iminyaka emininzi. Ukutshintsha i-transformer enamandla aphezulu nge-transformer eyonga amandla aphezulu akunakuphucula kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla, kodwa kunokonga nombane kwixesha lobomi.

14

Yintoni i-eddy current? Zithini iziphumo eziyingozi zokuveliswa kwe-vortex?

Xa umsinga otshintshanayo udlula kwintambo, kwenziwa intsimi yemagnethi etshintshanayo ejikeleze intambo. Lonke i-conductor kwintsimi yemagnethi etshintshanayo iya kuvelisa umsinga oshukunyiswayo ngaphakathi, kuba lo msinga oshukunyiswayo kwi-conductor iyonke uye kwi-closed loop, efana ne-water vortex, ebizwa ngokuba yi-vortex. Umsinga we-Eddy awuyi kuchitha amandla kuphela, unciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zombane, kwaye uya kubangela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane (ezifana ne-transformer core) ukufudumeza, kwaye kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo.

15

Kutheni ukhuseleko lwe-transformer olufutshane kufuneka luphephe i-low voltage short circuit current?

Ngokuyintloko xa kuqwalaselwa ukhetho lwentshukumo yokukhusela i-relay, ukhuseleko olukhawulezileyo olusecaleni eliphezulu ikakhulu, ukhuseleko oluqatha lwangaphandle lweempazamo ze-transformer kukuba ukuba awuyiphepheli icala le-voltage ephantsi ye-transformer ekuseteni umbane we-short-circuit ophezulu, ngenxa yokuba icala le-voltage ephantsi alikude kakhulu nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle koluhlu lwexabiso langoku le-short circuit alilikhulu, ixabiso elisisiseko lilingana, oku kuya kwenza ukhuseleko olukhawulezileyo olusecaleni eliphezulu lwandiswe ukuya kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, ngoko ulahlekelwa lukhetho. Emva kokulahlekelwa lukhuselo olukhethiweyo luthembeke ngakumbi, kodwa ukuvumela ukuphazamiseka, njengokuba ngoku kukho iiseti ezininzi ze-10 kV zeshishini ezihlala zihleli (ibhasi ye-10 kV + i-outlet circuit breaker), yonke i-workshop iseti igumbi le-transformer eliphantsi (ikhabhinethi yenethiwekhi yeringi + i-transformer), ukuba i-circuit breaker ayiphuncuki kwicala le-voltage ephantsi ye-transformer ephezulu ye-short-circuit current iya kubangela i-voltage main switch ephantsi, (i-ring network cabinet load switch fuse), i-high voltage circuit breaker action, izisa ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni.

16

Kutheni ii-transformer ezimbini ezilinganayo zingenakuqiniswa ngaxeshanye?

Kwinkqubo yamandla aphezulu, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokulungelelaniswa kokhuseleko lokudluliselwa, inxalenye enye yetransformer ephambili isekelwe, kwaye enye inxalenye isekelwe.

Amanqaku angathathi cala eetransformer ezimbini eziphambili kwisitishi esinye awasekelwanga ngaxeshanye, ngoko ke ukulungelelaniswa kokhuseleko lwe-voltage ye-zero sequence current kunye ne-zero sequence voltage kujongwa kakhulu.

Kwisitishi esingaphantsi esinee-transformer ezininzi ezisebenza ngaxeshanye, inxalenye enye yamanqaku angathathi cala e-transformer isekelwe phantsi komhlaba kwaye enye inxalenye ikhutshiwe. Ngale ndlela, inqanaba lomsinga womhlaba linokunciphisa umda ofanelekileyo, kwaye ubungakanani kunye nenyathelo lomsinga womhlaba wonke wegridi ye-zero-sequence azinakuchaphazeleka kukutshintsha kwendlela yokusebenza, kwaye uvakalelo lokhuseleko lomsinga we-zero-sequence lwenkqubo lunokuphuculwa.

17

Kutheni i-transformer esandula ukufakwa okanye ukuhlaziywa kufuneka yenze uvavanyo lokuvala impembelelo ngaphambi kokuba isebenze?

Ukusikwa kwee-transformers ezingenamthwalo ezisebenza kwigridi kuya kubangela ukuba i-overvoltage isebenze. Kwiinkqubo eziphantsi komhlaba, ubukhulu be-overvoltage ebizwa ngokuba yi-voltage yesigaba esilinganiselweyo bunokuba yi-3 ukuya kwi-4; Kwiinkqubo ezinkulu eziphantsi komhlaba, i-overvoltage yokusebenza inokuba yi-voltage yesigaba esilinganiselweyo kathathu. Ke ngoko, ukuze kuvavanywe ukuba i-insulation ye-transformer inokumelana ne-voltage elinganiselweyo kunye ne-overvoltage yokusebenza, kufuneka kwenziwe iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuvala impembelelo ngaphambi kokuba i-transformer isebenze. Ukongeza, igalelo le-transformer engenamthwalo liya kuvelisa i-inrush current, ixabiso layo linokufikelela kwi-6 ~ 8 times ye-rated current. Ngenxa yokuba i-excitation inrush current iya kuvelisa amandla amaninzi ombane, ngoko yenza uvavanyo lokuvala impembelelo okanye ucinge ukuba amandla oomatshini e-transformer kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-relay aya kusebenzisa kakubi amanyathelo asebenzayo.

Umthombo: Iifestile ezisebenza ngombane