Imibuzo nezimpendulo eziyi-17 ze-Power transformer! Bona ukuthi yini oyaziyo...

01

Kungani ingaphakathi le-transformer kufanele lisekelwe?

Ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-transformer yamandla, i-iron core kumele isekelwe ngokuqinile. Uma kungekho ukugxilisa, i-suspension voltage ye-iron core eya phansi izobangela ukuqhekeka okungapheli kanye nokukhishwa kwe-iron core emhlabathini, futhi amathuba okwakha amandla okumiswa kwe-iron core aqedwa ngemva kokuba i-iron core isekelwe. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-iron core isekelwe emaphuzwini angaphezu kwamabili, amandla angalingani phakathi kwama-core azokwakha ukujikeleza phakathi kwamaphuzu omhlaba futhi abangele iphutha lokushisa kwe-grounding grounding elinamaphuzu amaningi.

Iphutha lomhlabathi le-iron core ye-transformer lizobangela ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo ye-iron core. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo ye-iron core kuzokwanda, isenzo segesi esincane, ngisho nengozi yokuhamba kwesenzo segesi esindayo kuzobangelwa. Iphutha le-short-circuit phakathi kwama-chip ensimbi lenziwa yi-iron core eshisiwe engaphelele, okwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi futhi kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza okuvamile kwe-transformer, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukufaka ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon core yensimbi esikhundleni sayo ukuze kulungiswe. Ngakho-ke ama-transformer awavumeli ukufakwa kwe-multi-point grounding kanye ne-point grounding eyodwa kuphela.

02

Kungani ama-transformer esebenzisa amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon njengezinsimbi?

Ingqikithi evamile ye-transformer ngokuvamile yenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi ye-silicon. Insimbi ye-silicon uhlobo lwensimbi ye-silicon (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-silicon), okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-silicon kungu-0.8 ~ 4.8%. Ingqikithi ye-transformer yenziwe ngensimbi ye-silicon, ngoba insimbi ye-silicon ngokwayo iyinto edonsa amandla kagesi enamandla amakhulu. Ku-coil enamandla, ingakhiqiza amandla amakhulu okungenisa amandla kagesi, ukuze ivolumu ye-transformer incishiswe.

Njengoba sazi, i-transformer yangempela isebenza njalo esimweni se-ac, futhi ukulahleka kwamandla akukhona nje kuphela ekumelaneni kwekhoyili, kodwa futhi nasemgogodleni wensimbi odonswa amandla yi-alternating current. Ukulahleka kwamandla emgogodleni wensimbi kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi". Ukulahleka kwensimbi kubangelwa izizathu ezimbili, esinye "ukulahlekelwa yi-hysteresis" kanti esinye "ukulahlekelwa yi-eddy current".

Ukulahleka kwe-Hysteresis ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi okubangelwa yi-hysteresis enkambisweni yokuzibutha kwe-iron core. Ubukhulu balokhu kulahlekelwa bulingana nendawo ezungezwe yi-hysteresis loop yezinto. I-hysteresis loop yensimbi ye-silicon incane, kanti i-hysteresis yokulahlekelwa yi-iron core esetshenziswa njenge-transformer incane, okunganciphisa kakhulu izinga layo lokushisa.

Njengoba insimbi ye-silicon inezinzuzo ezingenhla, kungani ungasebenzisi yonke insimbi ye-silicon njengengqikithi, kodwa futhi uyicubungule ibe amashidi?

Lokho kungenxa yokuthi i-flake core inciphisa olunye uhlobo lokulahlekelwa yinsimbi olubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa yi-eddy current. Ukusebenza kwe-transformer, kukhona i-alternating current ku-coil, ikhiqiza i-magnetic flux iyashintshana. Lokhu kushintshashintsha kudala i-induced current ku-iron core. I-induced current ekhiqizwa ku-iron core ijikeleza endizeni iqonde ngqo ohlangothini lwe-magnetic flux, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi i-eddy current. Ukulahlekelwa yi-Eddy current nakho kuyashisa i-core. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwe-eddy current, i-iron core ye-transformer ihlanganiswe ngamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon ahlanganiswe ngokushisa komunye nomunye, ukuze i-eddy current idlule engxenyeni encane kusekethe ende nencane ukuze kwandiswe ukumelana endleleni yamanje ye-eddy. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-silicon ensimbini ye-silicon ikhulisa ukumelana kwezinto, futhi idlala indima ekunciphiseni i-eddy current.

Ku-core yensimbi esetshenziswa njenge-transformer, ishidi lensimbi le-silicon eligoqwe ngokubandayo elingu-0.35mm ubukhulu livame ukusetshenziswa. Ngokusho kobukhulu be-core yensimbi edingekayo, lisikwa libe amashidi amade bese lihlanganiswa libe yisimo "selanga" noma "somlomo". Ngokomthetho, ukuze kuncishiswe i-eddy current, uma ishidi lensimbi le-silicon lincane, i-strip yokuxhuma iba mncane, futhi umphumela uba ngcono. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-eddy current kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa, kodwa futhi kusindisa izinto zeshidi lensimbi le-silicon. Kodwa empeleni lapho kwenziwa i-core yensimbi ye-silicon steel. Hhayi nje kuphela ezinzuzweni ezishiwo ngenhla, ukuze kwenziwe i-core kuzodinga ukwanda okukhulu kwamahora okusebenza komuntu kanye nokwehla kwesigaba esisebenzayo se-cross se-core. Ngakho-ke, lapho senziwa i-transformer core ngeshidi lensimbi le-silicon, kufanele siqale esimweni esithile, silinganise izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi, bese sikhetha usayizi ongcono kakhulu.

03

Iyini ububanzi bokuvikelwa kwegesi?

1) Isekethe emfushane yezigaba eziningi ngaphakathi kwe-transformer.

2) Ukujikeleza okufushane phakathi kokujika, ukujikeleza okufushane phakathi kokugoqa kanye ne-iron core noma igobolondo.

3) Ukwehluleka kwe-iron core.

4) Uwoyela ngaphansi kobuso noma ukuvuza kwamafutha.

5) Ukuxhumana okungekuhle kweswishi yompompi noma ukushisela ucingo akuqinile.

04

Uyini umehluko phakathi komehluko we-transformer oyinhloko kanye nokuvikelwa kwegesi?

1, ukuvikelwa kokwehluka kwe-transformer okuyinhloko kuklanywe futhi kwakhiqizwa ngokwesimiso sokujikeleza kwamanje, kanti ukuvikelwa kwegesi kuklanywe futhi kwakhiqizwa ngokwezici zegesi ekhiqizwa noma ebolile lapho i-transformer yangaphakathi yehluleka.

2. Ukuvikelwa kokwehluka yisivikelo esiyinhloko se-transformer, kanti ukuvikelwa kwegesi yisivikelo esiyinhloko sephutha langaphakathi le-transformer.

3, ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuvikelwa esihlukile:

Isivikelo Esihlukile:

1) Umugqa oyinhloko we-transformer lead kanye ne-transformer coil zine-multiphase short circuit.

2) i-single-phase inter-turn short circuit eqinile.

3) Iphutha lokumisa isisekelo sekhoyili yokuvikela kanye nentambo yomthofu ohlelweni lokumisa isisekelo olunamandla aphezulu.

B Ukuvikelwa kwegesi:

1) I-transformer yangaphakathi enezigaba eziningi i-short circuit.

2) i-inter-turn short circuit, i-inter-turn kanye ne-core noma i-outer kanye ne-short circuit.

3) Ukwehluleka kwe-iron core (ukulahlekelwa ukushisa nokushisa).

4) Uwoyela ngaphansi kobuso noma ukuvuza kwamafutha.

5) Ukuxhumana okungekuhle kweswishi yompompi noma ukushisela ucingo okungekuhle.

05

Ungabhekana kanjani nephutha le-main transformer cooler?

1. Uma ugesi osebenzayo wezingxenye ze-I ne-II zesibandisi ulahlekile, isignali yokuthi "#1, #2 ukwehluleka kwamandla" izothunyelwa. Isibandisi esikhulu se-transformer sizoma bese isekethe yokukhubeka ixhunywe.

2. Uma kwenzeka ugesi oshintshayo ungasebenzi esigabeni I no-II ngesikhathi sokusebenza, "ama-cooler all stops" ayakhanyiswa, bese kuthi ama-transformer cooler ayinhloko kanye ne-trip circuit kuxhunywe. Isethi yokuvikela kufanele ibikwe ngokushesha ekuthumeni futhi ikhutshazwe, futhi ukushintsha ngesandla kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha.

3. Uma noma iyiphi isekethe yokupholisa ihluleka, hlukanisa isekethe yokupholisa enephutha.

06

Iyini imiphumela yokusebenza okufanayo kwama-transformer angahlangabezani nezimo zokusebenza okufanayo?

Uma isilinganiso esiguquguqukayo singafani futhi singasebenzi ngendlela efanayo, kuzoba nokujikeleza kwegazi, okuthinta umphumela we-transformer, uma iphesenti lokungasebenzi kahle lingahambisani futhi lingasebenzi ngendlela efanayo, alikwazi ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngokwesilinganiso somthamo we-transformer, kodwa futhi lithinta umphumela we-transformer. Uma amaqembu ezintambo engafani futhi esebenza ngendlela efanayo, i-transformer izosebenza ngendlela emfushane.

07

Yini ebangela umsindo ongajwayelekile we-transformer?

1) umthwalo ongaphezu kwamandla;

2) Ukuxhumana okungekuhle kwangaphakathi, ukuthungela kokukhipha;

3) Ezinye izingxenye zikhululekile;

4) Kukhona ukumisa noma ukujikeleza okufushane ohlelweni;

5) Ukuqala kwenjini enkulu kubangela izinguquko ezinkulu zomthwalo.

08

Kunini lapho iswishi yokuthepha yesilawuli se-voltage esilayishiwe se-transformer ingavunyelwe ukulungiswa khona?

1) Ukusebenza kokulayisha ngokweqile kwe-transformer (ngaphandle kwamacala akhethekile)

2) Uma ukuvikelwa kwegesi okulula kwedivayisi elawula ukucindezela okusemthwalweni kuvame ukuvela isignali.

3) uma kungekho uwoyela ophawu lwamafutha lwedivayisi elawula ukucindezeleka okusemthwalweni.

4) Uma inani lokucindezela okulawulayo lidlula inani elibekiwe.

5) Ukwenzeka okungajwayelekile kwedivayisi elawula ukucindezeleka.

09

Zithini izilinganiso eziku-nameplate ye-transformer?

Isilinganiso se-transformer siwumthethonqubo womenzi wokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-transformer, i-transformer esimweni sokusebenza esibekiwe sesilinganiso, ingaqinisekisa umsebenzi othembekile wesikhathi eside, futhi ibe nokusebenza okuhle. Isilinganiso sayo sihlanganisa okulandelayo:

1, umthamo olinganisiwe: i-transformer esimweni esilinganisiwe somthamo wokukhipha wenani eliqinisekisiwe, iyunithi ene-volt-ampere (VA), i-kilovolt-ampere (kVA) noma i-mega volt-ampere (MVA), ngoba i-transformer isebenza kahle kakhulu, ngokuvamile inani lomklamo womthamo olinganisiwe wokuqala nowesibili liyalingana.

2, i-voltage elinganisiwe: ibhekisela enanini eliqinisekisiwe le-voltage yokugcina ye-transformer lapho kungekho mthwalo, ovezwa ngama-volts (V) nama-kilovolts (kV). Ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ngenye indlela, i-voltage elinganisiwe yi-voltage yomugqa womunwe.

3. Umthamo wamanje olinganisiwe: ubhekisela kumthamo wamanje olinganisiwe obalwa kusukela kumthamo olinganisiwe kanye ne-voltage elinganisiwe, evezwe ku-ampere (A).

4, ugesi ongenamthwalo: ugesi ongenamthwalo we-transformer operation ovuselelwa ngamaphesenti wamanje alinganisiwe.

5, ukulahlekelwa kwesekethe esifushane: uhlangothi olulodwa lwesekethe esifushane esijikelezayo, olunye uhlangothi lwe-voltage ejikelezayo ukuze izinhlangothi zombili zokugoba zifinyelele ukulahlekelwa okusebenzayo kwamanje okulinganiselwe, okuvezwa ngama-watts (W) noma ama-kilowatt (kW).

6, ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo: kubhekisela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla asebenzayo kwe-transformer ekusebenzeni okungenamthwalo, okuvezwa ngama-watts (W) noma ama-kilowatts (kW).

7, i-voltage yesifunda esifushane: eyaziwa nangokuthi i-impedance voltage, ibhekisela ohlangothini olulodwa lwesifunda esifushane esijikelezayo, olunye uhlangothi lwe-winding lufinyelela i-voltage esetshenzisiwe yamanje elinganiselwe kanye nephesenti le-voltage elilinganiselwe.

8. Iqembu lokuxhuma: libonisa imodi yokuxhumanisa yama-windings ayinhloko nawesibili kanye nomehluko wesigaba phakathi kwama-voltage omugqa, omelelwa yiwashi.

10

Kungani abaguquli bomthombo bamanje bedinga umthamo omkhulu we-transformer?

Ama-transformer ngokuvamile aklanyelwe umthamo olinganiselwe, hhayi amandla alinganiselwe, ngoba amandla awo amanje ahlobene kuphela nomthamo olinganiselwe. Kwabaguquli bomthombo we-voltage, umthamo olinganiselwe kanye namandla alinganiselwe cishe alingana ngoba i-input power factor iseduze no-1. I-current source converter ayinjalo, i-input side transformer power factor yayo ilingana kakhulu nomthwalo we-asynchronous motor power factor, ngakho-ke ku-load motor efanayo, umthamo wayo olinganiselwe mkhulu kune-voltage source converter transformer.

11

Lihlobene kanjani ikhono le-transformer?

Ukukhethwa kwe-iron core kuhlobene ne-voltage, kanti ukukhetha kwe-wire kuhlobene nogesi, okungukuthi, ubukhulu be-wire buhlobene ngqo ne-calorific value. Okusho ukuthi, amandla e-transformer ahlobene kuphela ne-calorific value. Kwi-transformer eklanyelwe, uma ukushabalalisa ukushisa kungalungile endaweni ezungezile, uma kungu-1000KVA, uma amandla okushabalalisa ukushisa ekhulisiwe, kungenzeka ukusebenza ku-1250KVA.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo ojwayelekile we-transformer uhlobene nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okuvunyelwe, isibonelo, uma i-transformer engu-1000KVA, ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okuvunyelwe kungu-100K, uma ezimweni ezikhethekile, ingavunyelwa ukusebenza kuze kufike ku-120K, umthamo wayo ungaphezu kuka-1000KVA. Kungabonakala futhi ukuthi uma izimo zokushabalalisa ukushisa kwe-transformer zithuthukiswa, umthamo wayo ojwayelekile ungakhushulwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngomthamo ofanayo we-converter, umthamo wekhabhinethi ye-transformer ungancishiswa.

12

Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer?

1) Zama ukukhetha i-transformer elahlekelwa kancane, esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokonga amandla

2) Ngokuya ngomthwalo, khetha i-transformer enamandla afanele

3) Isilinganiso somthwalo we-transformer kufanele sibe ngaphezu kuka-70%

4) lapho isilinganiso somthwalo esivamile sivame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-30%, i-transformer encane kufanele ishintshwe njengoba kufanele

5) Thuthukisa amandla omthwalo ukuze uthuthukise ikhono le-transformer lokudlulisa amandla asebenzayo

6) Ukucushwa okunengqondo komthwalo, ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa inani lokusebenza kwe-transformer

13

Kungani kufanele kusheshiswe ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe kwe-transformer yokusabalalisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amaningi?

Ama-transformer okusabalalisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu abhekisela kakhulu ku: SJ, SJL, SL7, S7 kanye nezinye iziguquli zochungechunge, ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi, ukulahlekelwa yithusi kuphakeme kakhulu kuneziguquli zochungechunge lwe-S9 ezisetshenziswa kabanzi njengamanje, njenge-S7 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-S9, ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi kuphakeme ngo-11%, ukulahlekelwa yithusi kuphakeme ngo-28%.

Futhi i-transformer entsha, njenge-S10, i-S11 transformer kune-S9 energy saving, ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ye-transformer ye-alloy amorphous kufana ne-S7 20%. Ama-transformer ngokuvamile anempilo yesevisi yamashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Ukufaka esikhundleni se-transformer enamandla aphezulu nge-transformer eyonga amandla esebenza kahle kakhulu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla, kodwa futhi nokonga ugesi esikhathini sokuphila.

14

Iyini i-eddy current? Yimiphi imiphumela eyingozi yokukhiqizwa kwe-vortex?

Uma ugesi oshintshanayo udlula ngocingo, kudalwa insimu yamagnetic eshintshanayo ezungeze ucingo. Ugesi wonke ensimini yamagnetic eshintshanayo uzokhiqiza ugesi oshukumisayo ngaphakathi, ngoba lo gesi oshukumisayo kugesi wonke uqobo ube yiluphu evaliwe, njenge-water vortex, ebizwa ngokuthi i-vortex. Ugesi oshintshanayo ngeke nje uchithe amandla, wehlise ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kagesi, futhi uzobangela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zikagesi (njenge-transformer core) ukushisa, futhi kuzothinta kakhulu ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini.

15

Kungani ukuvikelwa kwesikhashana kwe-transformer kufanele kugweme ugesi we-short circuit wamanje ophansi?

Ngokuyinhloko uma ucabangela ukukhetha kokunyakaza kokuvikelwa kokudluliselwa, ukuvikelwa kokuphuka okusheshayo ohlangothini oluphezulu ikakhulukazi, ukuvikelwa kwangaphandle okunzima kwamaphutha e-transformer uma ungagwemi uhlangothi oluphansi lwe-voltage ye-transformer ekusethweni kwamanje we-short-circuit ephezulu, ngenxa yokuthi uhlangothi oluphansi lwe-voltage alukude nokuthunyelwa kwenani lamanje le-short-circuit alilikhulu, okuyisisekelo kuyafana, lokhu kuzokwenza ukuvikelwa kokuphuka okusheshayo ohlangothini oluphezulu kunwetshwe kube yingcindezi ephansi, ngakho-ke ulahlekelwa ukukhetha. Ngemva kokulahlekelwa ukuvikelwa okukhethayo kuthembeke kakhudlwana, kodwa ukuvumela ukuphazamiseka, njengoba manje kunezindawo eziningi zezimboni ze-transformer ze-10 kV njalo (ibhasi le-10 kV + i-outlet circuit breaker), yonke isethi ye-workshop yegumbi le-transformer le-voltage ephansi (ikhabhinethi yenethiwekhi yendandatho + i-transformer), uma i-circuit breaker ingaphunyuki ohlangothini oluphansi lwe-voltage ye-transformer ephezulu ye-short-circuit yamanje izobangela ukushintsha okuyinhloko kwe-voltage ephansi, (i-ring network cabinet load switch fuse), isenzo se-high voltage circuit breaker, kuletha ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni.

16

Kungani ama-transformer amabili ahambisanayo engenakuqiniswa ngesikhathi esisodwa?

Esimisweni samandla aphezulu, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuxhumanisa ukuzwela kokuvikelwa kokudluliselwa, ingxenye eyodwa ye-transformer eyinhloko isekelwe phansi, kanti enye ingxenye isekelwe phansi.

Amaphuzu angathathi hlangothi ama-transformer amabili amakhulu esiteshini esisodwa awasekelwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke ukuhlanganiswa kokuvikelwa kwe-zero sequence current kanye ne-zero sequence voltage kucatshangelwa kakhulu.

Esiteshini esincane esinama-transformer amaningi asebenza ngokufana, ingxenye eyodwa yamaphuzu angathathi hlangothi e-transformer iyamiswa bese enye ingxenye ivulwa. Ngale ndlela, izinga lamanje wephutha lomhlaba linganqunyelwa ebangeni elifanele, futhi ubukhulu kanye nesinyathelo samanje wonke wegridi ye-zero-sequence ngeke kuthinteke ushintsho lwemodi yokusebenza, futhi ukuzwela kokuvikelwa kwamanje we-zero-sequence kohlelo kungathuthukiswa.

17

Kungani i-transformer esanda kufakwa noma elungisiwe kufanele yenze isivivinyo sokuvala umthelela ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukusebenza?

Ukusikwa kwama-transformer angenamthwalo asebenza kugridi kuzoholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla angaphezu kwamandla. Ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe phansi zamandla aphansi, ubukhulu balokho okubizwa ngokuthi amandla angaphezu kwamandla kungaba izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 ze-voltage yesigaba esilinganiselwe; Ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ezisekelwe phansi, amandla angaphezu kwamandla kagesi angase abe namandla angaphezu kwamandla kagesi aphindwe kathathu kune-voltage yesigaba esilinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ukufakelwa kwe-transformer kungamelana yini ne-voltage elinganiselwe kanye namandla angaphezu kwamandla kagesi, kufanele kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningana zokuvala umthelela ngaphambi kokuba i-transformer iqale ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okokufaka kwe-transformer engenamthwalo kuzokhiqiza amandla okungena, inani layo lingafinyelela izikhathi ezi-6 ~ 8 zamandla okungena. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla okungena kagesi avuselelayo azokhiqiza amandla kagesi amaningi, ngakho-ke yenza ukuhlolwa kokuvala umthelela noma ucabangele ukuthi amandla omshini we-transformer kanye nokuvikelwa kokudlulisela kuzosebenzisa kabi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo.

Umthombo: Amafasitela Asebenza Ngogesi