Emva kokufunda oku, uya kuba nokuqonda okubanzi ngezinto kunye nokwakhiwa komzimba we-transformer

Izinto eziphambili zomzimba we-transformer ziquka izixhobo zesekethe zemagnethi, izixhobo zesekethe, izinto zokuvala ubushushu, izixhobo zokwakha, njl. Ukusetyenziswa kunye neendidi zezinto ezithile zezi:

1. Iphepha lesinyithi lesilicon

Kwi-transformer, iimfuno zokusebenza kwentsimbi ye-silicon zezi:

①Ukulahleka kwesinyithi okuphantsi, nto leyo ebonisa umgangatho weeshiti zesinyithi zesilicon. Onke amazwe ahlulahlula amanqanaba ngokwexabiso lokulahleka kwesinyithi. Okukhona ukulahleka kwesinyithi kuphantsi, kokukhona umgangatho uphezulu.

②Ubunzulu bokufakelwa kwemagnethi (ukufakelwa kwemagnethi) buphezulu phantsi kwentsimi enamandla yemagnethi, nto leyo enciphisa umthamo kunye nobunzima bombindi wesinyithi wemoto kunye ne-transformer, kwaye igcina amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon, iingcingo zobhedu kunye nezinto zokukhusela.

③Umphezulu uthambile, uthe tyaba kwaye ufana ngobukhulu, nto leyo enokuphucula i-filling factor yentsimbi.

④Iyakwazi ukubetheka kakuhle kwaye kulula ukuyicubungula.

⑤Ukunamathela kunye nokudityaniswa kwefilimu yokukhusela umphezulu kulungile, okunokuthintela ukugqwala kunye nokuphucula ipropati yokubhoboza.

⑥ Ngokusisiseko akukho ukuguga okubangelwa yimagnethi.

Ukwahlulwahlulwa kunye nenkcazo yenqanaba leshidi yesinyithi yesilicon

Iitransformers zihlala zisebenzisa amaphepha esinyithi esilicon ajikelezisiweyo abandayo ukuqinisekisa amanqanaba azo okusebenza kakuhle kwamandla angenamthwalo. Iphepha lesinyithi lesilicon elijikelezisiweyo elibandayo linokwahlulwa libe liphepha lesinyithi lesilicon elijikelezisiweyo eliqhelekileyo elijikelezisiweyo elibandayo, iphepha lesinyithi lesilicon elingeneka kakhulu (okanye iphepha lesinyithi lesilicon elingeneka kakhulu), kunye nephepha lesinyithi lesilicon elifumana amanqaku nge-laser ngokweempawu kunye neendlela zokucubungula. Ngokwesiqhelo, phantsi kwentsimi yemagnethi etshintshanayo (ixabiso eliphezulu) le-50Hz kunye ne-800A, iphepha lesinyithi lesilicon eline-polarization encinci yemagnethi i-B800A=1.78T～1.85T efunyenwe yi-iron core libizwa ngokuba yi-ordinary silicon steel sheet, echazwa njenge-"CGO", kunye ne-B800A=1.85T nangaphezulu. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwentsimbi ye-Hi-B kunye nentsimbi ye-silicon eqhelekileyo kukuba: ubume be-orientation ye-Gaussian yentsimbi ye-Hi-B. Inqanaba lentsimbi ye-silicon liphezulu kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ukulungelelaniswa kweenkozo zesinyithi ze-silicon kwicala le-magnetization elilula liphezulu kakhulu. Kushishino, inkqubo yesibini yokuphinda i-crystallization isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon anomxholo we-silicon oyi-3%. Ukujonga okusanhlamvu kwentsimbi ye-Hi-B kuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwicala lokuqengqeleka yi-3°, ngelixa elo leshiti yesinyithi ye-silicon eqhelekileyo yi-7°, ukuze intsimbi ye-Hi-B ibe nokuvuleka okuphezulu kwemagnethi, ngesiqhelo i-B800A yayo inokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-1.88T, nto leyo ephucula ubume be-orientation ye-Gaussian kwaye ukuvuleka kweMagnetic kunciphisa ukulahleka kwesinyithi. Olunye uphawu lwentsimbi ye-Hi-B kukuba ukuxinezeleka kwe-elastic kwefilimu yeglasi kunye nokufakwa kwe-insulating okuqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu weshiti yesinyithi yi-3~5N/mm2, engcono kune-1~2 N/mm2 yeshiti yesinyithi ye-silicon eqhelekileyo. Umaleko wokuxinezeleka okuphezulu unciphisa ububanzi besizinda semagnethi kwaye unciphisa ukulahleka okungaqhelekanga kwe-eddy current. Ke ngoko, intsimbi ye-Hi-B inexabiso eliphantsi lokulahleka kwesinyithi kuneshiti yesinyithi ye-silicon eqhelekileyo ejolise kwingqolowa.

Ishiti yesinyithi yesilicon ephawulwe nge-laser isekelwe kwintsimbi ye-Hi-B, ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokukhanyisela ngemitha ye-laser, umphezulu uyaxinezeleka kancinci, i-magnetic axis iyacocwa ngakumbi, kwaye ukulahleka kwesinyithi okuncinci kuyafezekiswa. Amaphepha esinyithi esilicon ephawulwe nge-laser awanakuqhotyoshelwa, kuba isiphumo sonyango lwe-laser siya kuphela ukuba ubushushu buyanda.

Ihlala imalunga ne-1.56T, nto leyo eyahlukileyo malunga ne-20% kuxinano lwe-saturation flux lwe-silicon steel sheet yesiqhelo ye-1.9T, ngoko ke uxinano lwe-design flux lwe-transformer nalo kufuneka luncitshiswe nge-20%. Uxinano lwe-design flux lwee-transformers ze-amorphous alloy oil luhlala lungaphantsi kwe-1.35T. Uxinano lwe-magnetic design lwe-crystalline alloy dry change luhlala lungaphantsi kwe-1.2T.

2) Imicu ye-core aggregate e-Amorphous ibuthathaka kuxinzelelo. Emva kokuba imicu ye-core ixinezelekile, ukusebenza okungenamthwalo kulula ukuwohloka. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kwisakhiwo. I-core kufuneka ixhonywe kwisakhelo senkxaso kunye ne-coil. Ithwala ubunzima bayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlanganisa, i-iron core ayinakuxinezeleka, kwaye ukubetheka kunye nezinye iindlela kufuneka kuncitshiswe.

3) I-Magnetostriction inkulu nge-10% kuneeshiti zesinyithi ze-silicon eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke ingxolo yayo kunzima ukuyilawula, nto leyo ekwayenye yezizathu eziphambili zokunciphisa ukukhuthazwa okubanzi kwee-transformers ze-alloy ezingenasimo. Ingxolo ye-transformer ibeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu, ezahlulwe kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka kunye neendawo ezingezonobuthathaka, kwaye iimfuno zenqanaba lesandi zibekwa phambili ngendlela ejolise kuyo, nto leyo efuna ukunciphisa ngakumbi uxinano lwemagnethi yoyilo oluphambili.

4) Umcu we-alloy ongenanto ubhityile, ubukhulu bawo buyi-0.03mm kuphela, ngoko ke awunakwenziwa ube yimo ye-lamination njengephepha lesinyithi le-silicon eliqhelekileyo, kodwa unokwenziwa ube yi-core yesinyithi ebhityileyo kuphela. Ke ngoko, ulwakhiwo lwe-core yesinyithi lwabavelisi be-transformer eqhelekileyo alunakwenziwa ngokwalo. Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, okuhambelana necandelo le-rectangular lomcu we-core yesinyithi ebhityileyo, i-coil ye-transformer ye-alloy engenanto idla ngokwenziwa ibe yisakhiwo se-rectangular;

5) Umgangatho wendawo awanele. Okwangoku, ikakhulu zizinto ezifakwa ngaphakathi ezingenanto ezivela kwiHitachi Metals, kwaye indawo iyenzeka kancinci kancinci. ETshayina, i-Antai Technology kunye neQingdao Yunlu zine-broadband ye-alloy engafanekiyo (213mm, 170mm kunye ne-142mm). , kwaye kusekho umsantsa othile phakathi kokusebenza kwayo kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

6) Ubude bomcu obuphezulu bulinganiselwe. Ubude bomcu obuphezulu obungaphandle bomcu obungaphelelanga bomcu obungaphelelanga kwisigaba sokuqala bulinganiselwe kakhulu ngenxa yokuthintelwa kobukhulu besithando somlilo esitshisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusisiseko sele isonjululwe, kwaye ii-alloys ezi-amorphous ezinobude bomcu obuphezulu obungaphelelanga obuyi-10m zinokwenziwa. Isakhelo sentsimbi esingundoqo singasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa utshintsho olomileyo lwe-3150kVA kunye notshintsho olungaphantsi kwe-amorphous alloy kunye notshintsho lweoyile ye-amorphous alloy oluyi-10000kVA kunye notshintsho lweoyile ye-amorphous alloy oluyi-amorphous.

Ngokusekelwe kwisiphumo esihle kakhulu sokonga amandla see-transformers ze-amorphous alloy, kunye nokukhuthazwa kokugcinwa kwamandla kazwelonke kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nothotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo, isabelo semarike see-transformers ze-amorphous alloy siyanda, kwaye xa kujongwa i-amorphous alloy strip (okwangoku yi-26.5 yuan) /kg) Ixabiso liphindwe kabini kuneleeshiti zesinyithi ze-silicon eziqhelekileyo (30Q120 okanye 30Q130), kwaye umsantsa nge-copper mncinane. Xa kujongwa umgangatho weemveliso zegridi yamandla kunye neemfuno zokubhida, ii-transformers ze-amorphous alloy zihlala zisebenzisa ii-conductors ze-copper. Xa kuthelekiswa neeshiti zesinyithi ze-silicon eziqhelekileyo, izikhewu eziphambili zeendleko ze-amorphous alloy transformers zezi zilandelayo:

1) Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-wound core, isakhiwo se-five-column esinezigaba ezintathu kufuneka samkelwe kuhlobo lwe-transformer core, enokunciphisa ubunzima be-single-frame core kwaye inciphise ubunzima bokuhlanganisa. Isakhiwo se-five-column esinezigaba ezintathu kunye nesakhiwo se-three-column esinezigaba ezintathu sineenzuzo kunye neengxaki zazo ngokwexabiso. Okwangoku, uninzi lwabavelisi basebenzisa isakhiwo se-five-column esinezigaba ezintathu. I-single-frame iron core kunye ne-assembly ethengiweyo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2:

2) Ekubeni icandelo elinqamlezileyo lesiqu liyingxande, ukuze kugcinwe umgama wokufakelwa kwe-insulation uhambelana, iikhoyili ze-voltage ephezulu nephantsi nazo zenziwe zibe yisakhiwo esilinganayo sengxande.

1) Ekubeni uxinano lwemagnethi yoyilo oluphambili luphantsi nge-25% kunee-transformers ze-silicon steel sheet transformers eziqhelekileyo, kwaye i-lamination coefficient ye-core yayo imalunga ne-0.87, ephantsi kakhulu kunee-transformers ze-silicon steel sheet eziqhelekileyo ze-0.97, indawo yayo enqamlezileyo yoyilo kufuneka ibe nkulu kunee-transformers ze-silicon steel sheet eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba inkulu kune-25%, umjikelezo ohambelanayo wee-coils ze-voltage eziphezulu neziphantsi nawo uya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukwanda kobude bee-coil ezijikelezayo ze-voltage ephezulu nephantsi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulahleka komthwalo we-coil akutshintshi, indawo enqamlezileyo yentambo kufuneka ibe phezulu. Ngokuhambelanayo, umxholo wobhedu wee-transformers ze-alloy ezi-amorphous uphezulu nge-20% kunee-transformers eziqhelekileyo.

3. Izixhobo zeSekethe

Isishwankathelo

Isekethe yangaphakathi ye-transformer yenziwe kakhulu zii-windings (ezaziwa ngokuba zii-coils). Iqhagamshelwe ngqo kwi-external power grid kwaye yeyona nto iphambili ye-transformer. Isekethe yangaphakathi ye-transformer idla ngokwenziwa ngee-wire windings. Iingcingo ze-copper kunye neengcingo ze-aluminium zahlulwe zibe ziingcingo ezingqukuva, iingcingo ezisicaba (ezinokwahlulwa zibe ziingcingo ezi-single, iingcingo ezidibeneyo kunye neengcingo eziguquliweyo), ii-foil conductors, njl.njl. ngokwemilo ye-cross-sectional yeengcingo. iileya, kwaye ekugqibeleni zenze i-coil iyonke. Ke ngoko, izinto eziphambili ze-conducter zesekethe ye-transformer yi-copper kunye ne-aluminium.

3.1 Uthelekiso lweempawu zobhedu kunye ne-aluminium

Zombini ithusi kunye ne-aluminium zizinto zesinyithi ezinombane oqhuba kakuhle kwaye zii-conductors ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ii-transformer coils. Umahluko kwiipropati zomzimba uboniswe kule theyibhile ilandelayo:

3.2 Uthelekiso lokusebenza kweengcingo zobhedu-aluminium kwiingcingo zetransformer

Umahluko phakathi kwe-transformer ye-copper-aluminium uxhomekeke kumahluko wezinto ezisetyenziswayo, oqulethwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

1) Ukumelana kwee-copper conductors kumalunga ne-60% kuphela kwe-aluminium conductors. Ukuze kufezekiswe iimfuno ezifanayo zokulahleka kunye nokunyuka kobushushu, indawo enqamlezileyo yee-aluminium conductors eziza kusetyenziswa inkulu ngaphezu kwe-60% kunee-conductors zobhedu, ngoko ke kufuneka umthamo ofanayo kunye neeparameter ezifanayo. Umthamo we-aluminium conductor transformer uhlala umkhulu kune-copper conductor transformer, kodwa indawo yokusasaza ubushushu ye-transformer nayo iyanda ngeli xesha, ngoko ke ukunyuka kobushushu beoyile kuphantsi;

2) Uxinano lwe-aluminiyam lumalunga ne-30% kuphela lolo lwe-copper, ngoko ke ii-transformers ze-aluminium conductor distribution zikhaphukhaphu kunee-transformers ze-copper conductor distribution;

3) Iqondo lokunyibilika komqhubi we-aluminiyam liphantsi kakhulu kunelomqhubi we-copper, ngoko ke umda wokunyuka kobushushu bomsinga we-short-circuit yi-250 ℃, ephantsi kune-350 ℃ yomqhubi we-copper. Inkulu, ngoko ke umthamo ungaphezulu kune-transformer yomqhubi we-copper;

4) Ubulukhuni bomqhubi we-aluminiyam buphantsi, ngoko ke kulula ukuyisusa i-surface burr, ngoko ke emva kokuba kwenziwe i-transformer, amathuba okuba i-inter-turn okanye i-inter-layer short circuit ebangelwa yi-burr ayancitshiswa;

5) Ngenxa yokuba ii-aluminium conductors azinamandla aphantsi okuxinana nokucinezela kunye namandla aphantsi oomatshini, ii-aluminium conductor transformers azikwazi ukwenza i-short-circuit njengee-copper conductor transformers. Umda woxinzelelo lwe-conductor yi-1600kg/cm2, kwaye amandla okuthwala aphuculwe kakhulu;

6) Inkqubo yokuwelda phakathi komqhubi we-aluminiyam kunye nomqhubi we-copper ayilunganga, kwaye umgangatho wokuwelda wejoyinti awulula ukuwuqinisekisa, nto leyo echaphazela ukuthembeka komqhubi we-aluminiyam ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

7) Ubushushu obuthile bomqhubi we-aluminiyam buyi-239% yobo bomqhubi we-copper, kodwa xa sicinga ngomahluko kuxinano kunye noyilo loxinano lombane phakathi kwezi zimbini, umahluko oqinisekileyo wexesha lobushushu phakathi kwezi zimbini awukho mkhulu njengomahluko wobushushu obuthile. Umthamo wokugqithisa wexesha elifutshane wee-transformers zohlobo olomileyo awunampembelelo ingako.

4. Izinto zokuvala ubushushu

Isishwankathelo

Nangona kunjalo, ukuthembeka kunye nobomi benkonzo ye-transformer buxhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo zokukhusela. Izinto zokukhusela, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-dielectrics, zizinto ezinokumelana okuphezulu kunye nokuqhuba okuphantsi. Izinto zokukhusela zingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula ii-conductors ezitshajiweyo okanye kwii-potentials ezahlukeneyo, okuvumela ukuba umbane uhambe kwicala elithile. Kwiimveliso ze-transformer, izinto zokukhusela nazo zidlala indima yokuchithwa kobushushu, ukupholisa, ukuxhasa, ukulungisa, ukucima i-arc, ukuphuculwa kwe-gradient enokubakho, ukumelana nokufuma, ukumelana nokubola kunye nokukhusela umqhubi. Phantsi kwesenzo se-DC voltage, kuphela umbane omncinci kakhulu ohamba kwizinto zokukhusela. Ukumelana kwayo (ngokubhekiselele kukumelana komthamo emoyeni) kuphezulu, ngokubanzi yi-108~1020Ω·cm (ukumelana komqhubi yi-10-6~10-3Ω·cm, kwaye ukumelana kwe-semiconductor yi-10-3~108Ω cm).

Izinto zokukhusela ubushushu zinokumelana okukhulu kakhulu nomsinga we-DC. Ngenxa yokumelana okuphezulu, phantsi kwesenzo se-DC voltage, azikwazi ukukhupha umbane ngaphandle komsinga wokuvuza okuncinci kakhulu; ngelixa zinamandla okukhupha umbane we-AC. Umsinga wombane nawo ngokubanzi uthathwa njengongaqhubi umbane. Okukhona ukumelana kwezinto zokukhusela umbane kuphezulu, kokukhona zingcono iimpawu zazo zokukhusela umbane.

Izinto zokukhusela zisetyenziswa kwiitransformer ukwahlula iindawo eziqhubayo ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwenye emhlabeni (akukho mandla). Xa zisetyenziswa kwiinkxaso ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka zibe neempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini. Ukongeza, izinto zokukhusela zidlala nezinye iindima, ezinje ngokupholisa, ukulungisa, ukugcina amandla, ukucima i-arc, ukuphucula i-gradient enokubakho, ukumelana nokufuma, ukumelana nokubola kunye nokukhusela ii-conductors.

Ngokwesiqhelo, izinto zokukhusela ubushushu zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu:

1) Izinto zokukhusela igesi: Phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo, iigesi ezomileyo ngokubanzi zineempawu ezilungileyo zokukhusela, ezinje ngomoya, initrogen, ihydrogen, ikharbon dioxide, isalfure hexafluoride, njl. Phakathi kwazo, umoya kunye nesalfure hexafluoride zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiitransformers;

2) Izinto zokukhusela ulwelo: Izinto zokukhusela ulwelo zihlala zikhona ngohlobo lweoyile, eyaziwa ngokuba yioyile yokukhusela ulwelo. Ezifana neeoyile zeminerali, iioyile zemifuno, ii-esters ezenziweyo, njl.njl.;

3) Izinto eziqinileyo zokukhusela: ezifana nepeyinti yokukhusela, iglu yokukhusela, iphepha lokukhusela, ikhadibhodi yokukhusela, ikhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo, iiplastiki zombane kunye neefilimu, iilaminate zombane (iinduku, iityhubhu), i-epoxy resin ebunjiweyo, i-porcelain yombane, irabha, iimveliso ze-mica, njl.njl.

4.1 Ioyile yokukhusela ubushushu

Ioyile yokukhusela ibonakaliswa ngamandla aphezulu ombane, umbane ophezulu, indawo ephantsi yokukhenkceza, ubushushu bokusebenza phantsi kwesenzo seoksijini, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nentsimi yombane enamandla, ayinatyhefu, ayinakonakalisa, i-viscosity ephantsi, ukugeleza okuhle njalo njalo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zombane ezifana neetransformers, iiswitshi zeoyile, ii-capacitors kunye neentambo, kwaye idlala indima yokukhusela, ukupholisa, ukufunxa kunye nokuzalisa. Ukongeza, ikwadlala indima yokucima i-arc kwiiswitshi zeoyile kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwii-capacitors.

Ioyile yokukhusela idlala indima embaxa yokukhusela kunye nokupholisa kwi-transformer ngaxeshanye;

Iioyile zokukhusela ubushushu okwangoku zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezilandelayo:

1) Ioyile yeminerali: efana neoyile yetransformer, ioyile yeswitshi, ioyile ye-capacitor, ioyile yekhebula;

2) Ioyile yokwenziwa: efana ne-dodecylbenzene, ioyile ye-silicone, i-ester yokwenziwa, njl.njl.;

3) Ioyile yemifuno;

4.2 I-Epoxy resin

I-epoxy resin yi-polymer compound. I-resin ibonakaliswa yi-organic material eqinileyo, eqina okanye eqinileyo ene-molecule mass engacaciyo (ehlala iphezulu), ithambekele ekugelezeni xa iphantsi koxinzelelo, idla ngokuba luluhlu lokuthamba okanye lokunyibilika, kunye ne-cross-section eqinileyo edla ngokubonisa imilo efana neqokobhe. Ineempawu ezilandelayo ezisisiseko:

1) Itsheyini yeemolekyuli inde kakhulu, itsheyini nganye inamakhulu okanye amashumi amawaka eeathom, ezidityaniswe ngokudibeneyo;

2) Ikhonkco elide le-molecular lenziwe liqela elincinci eliphinda-phindayo, oko kukuthi, ikhonkco le-chain, kwaye inani leekhonkco ze-chain kwi-molecule libizwa ngokuba yi-degree of polymerization;

3) Amandla apheleleyo e-intermolecular force e-macromolecules adla ngokugqitha amandla e-chemical bond force phakathi kwee-athomu kwi-molecule, ukuze ii-polymer compounds zibe noluhlu lweempawu: umzekelo, akukho polymer yegesi, inkqubo yokunyibilika kwe-polymer icotha kakhulu, njl. Ukuba kukho ukudibanisa phakathi kwee-molecules, Olu phawu luhluke ngakumbi.

I-epoxy resin ibhekisa kwii-oligomers eziqulathe amaqela asebenzayo e-epoxy. Ii-epoxy resin zaqala ukubonakala ngo-1891. Emva ko-1947, iinkampani ezininzi eMelika naseSwitzerland zaphumelela ekuveliseni ii-bisphenol A epoxy resins kwimizi-mveliso. Ilizwe lam laqala ukuvelisa ngo-1956.

Iipropati zokufakelwa kombane zezinto ze-epoxy zibalasele kakhulu. Xa kungekho filler yongeziweyo, i-EB yemveliso ecociweyo ingaphezulu kwe-16MV/m, i-pV ingaphezulu kwe-1011Ω·m, i-εr yi-3 ukuya kwi-4, kwaye i-tanδ imalunga ne-0.002 phantsi kwesantya samandla. Ke ngoko, ii-resin ze-oxygen eziyi-20% zisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa kombane kunye ne-elektroniki, ezifana nepeyinti yokufaka i-epoxy njengepeyinti yokufaka i-B-class, ukufaka i-motor stator windings ezincinci neziphakathi; ipeyinti engenaso i-epoxy solvent isetyenziselwa ukufakwa kwe-vacuum kwi-motor stator windings ezinkulu; ii-laminates (iipleyiti, iityhubhu, iiRods) zisetyenziswa njengee-slot wedges kunye nee-spacers zeemoto, ii-high-voltage switch operating rods; ii-adhesives zisetyenziselwa ukubopha ii-bushings zombane ze-porcelain eziphezulu; ii-castables zisetyenziselwa ukwahlulahlula iidiski kwizixhobo zombane ezihlanganisiweyo zesulfure hexafluoride (GIS). Izinto ezifana nee-insulators, ii-transformers kunye nee-capacitors ze-ceramic eziphezulu. Okwangoku, amagama ee-epoxy resins okanye i-modified epoxy resins ezenziwe eTshayina awakafani okwangoku. Amagama abavelisi bee-epoxy resin ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela nawo ahlukile kwaye kufuneka achongwe ngophawu lwentengiso.

Ii-resin ze-epoxy zi-oligomers kuphela kwaye zingasetyenziswa kuphela emva kokunyibilika. I-agent yokuphilisa inokusabela kunye ne-epoxy resin ukudibanisa iimolekyuli ze-resin ukusuka kwisakhiwo esithe ngqo ukuya kwisakhiwo esikhulu. Ii-promoters/catalysts zinokunciphisa amandla okusebenza kwe-reaction kwaye zinokukhuthaza/zilungise inkqubo ye-response ye-gel ye-castable. I-agent yokuphilisa isebenzisa i-hydrogen esebenzayo equlethwe kuyo ukwenza i-ring-opening addition reaction kunye neqela le-epoxy esebenzayo kwi-resin ukuze kufezekiswe ukunyibilika. I-hydrogen esebenzayo yi--NH2, -NH-, -COOH, -OH kunye ne--SH kwi-agent yokuphilisa okanye i-accelerator. kwi-hydrogen. Ii-agent zokuphilisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zii-amines kunye ne-acid anhydrides. Ezinye ii-agent zokuphilisa zifuna ii-accelerators/catalysts, ezinye zifuna iimeko zobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ezinye zinokusabela ngamandla kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ii-agent zokuphilisa ezahlukeneyo ziya kukhokelela kumahluko amakhulu kwiimpawu zeemveliso eziphilisiweyo, ezinempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu zokugqibela zemveliso. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyila nokukhetha i-agent yokuphilisa kwinkqubo yokwenza i-epoxy resin.

Ukufakelwa kwe-epoxy kusetyenziswa kwiitransformer zohlobo olomileyo kwaye luphuhliso olutsha kwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo. Ubomi boyilo lwe-transformer coil buyimfuneko ukuze bufikelele kwiminyaka engama-30, kwaye umgangatho wokumelana nobushushu kufuneka ufikelele kwinqanaba le-F. Kunzima ukuba izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zihlangabezane neemfuno.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuyimfuneko ukuyila, ukwenza ngcono, ukuvavanya nokuqinisekisa izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neenkqubo zazo zokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe isiphumo esifunekayo. Kwi-transformer yohlobo olomileyo efakwe i-resin, inkqubo ye-epoxy resin yenziwa ngokuphosa okanye ukuntywila, ize emva koko inyangwe ngobushushu ukuze yenze i-coil insulation (oko kukuthi, i-longitudinal insulation). Ngexesha lonke lokusebenza kwe-transformer yohlobo olomileyo, i-epoxy resin insulation kufuneka iqinisekise i-electrical insulation ye-coil kunye namandla oomatshini, kwaye ikhuphe ubushushu ngaphakathi kwe-coil ngokusebenzisa i-thermal conduction.

Ubuthathaka bayo obukhulu kukungakwazi ukuphinda kuguqulwe kwaye kungalungiseki kweziphene kunye nomonakalo we-resin insulation (ngokubanzi iziphene kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kunye nomonakalo kwinkqubo yokusebenza). Ke ngoko, ukuphepha ukuqhekeka kwe-insulation eqinileyo, ukuphepha iziphene zokulahla, kunye nokuphepha ukukhupha okungaphelelanga (oko kukuthi, ukukhupha okungaphelelanga) kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye kuba sisitshixo kwitekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwe-insulation eqinileyo, kwaye zizinto eziphambili kukhuphiswano phakathi kwabavelisi.

Ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu okubangelwa kukulahleka ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-transformer, i-resin insulation isebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ixesha elide (njenge-F-class transformer, ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza obuyilwe ngokubanzi bumalunga ne-140 ℃), kwaye i-transformer inokuba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphambi kokuba iqalise ukusebenza nangexesha lokugcinwa. Ubushushu obuphantsi (obufana ne-30 ℃), kwaye i-transformer iya kuba phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lombane lokutshotsha kwe-voltage ephezulu okanye i-short circuit nangaliphi na ixesha. Ii-coils ezifakwe i-resin kufuneka zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nolu tshintsho, kwaye zikwazi ukumelana okanye ukumelana nokutshotsha kwe-electrodynamic ye-short-circuit kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, iimfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu zibekwe kwiimpawu zobushushu, zoomatshini nezombane zeenkqubo zokuxhoma ze-epoxy.

Okwangoku kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeenkqubo zezinto zokukhusela ii-transformers ze-resin cast, enye "yi-pure resin casting + i-high filling glass fiber reinforcement", kwaye enye "yi-resin quartz powder casting + i-prepreg glass mesh local reinforcement".

Inkqubo yokwambathisa (oko kukuthi, isakhiwo sesiqhelo sokwambathisa) igubungela intsimi ebanzi kunenkqubo yezinto zokwambathisa. Ibhekisa ekukwambathisweni kwezixhobo zombane (okanye izinto ezizimeleyo) iyonke, kuquka kungekuphela nje izixhobo zokwambathisa kunye nokudibanisa kwazo, kodwa kunye nokwambathisa kunye nee-conductors. Okanye ubudlelwane phakathi kweemagnethi, ubudlelwane nentsimi yombane, ubudlelwane phakathi kokwambathisa kunye nokusingqongileyo okungqongileyo (igesi okanye ulwelo kunye neemeko zayo, ungcoliseko lomphezulu, iimeko zokusasaza ubushushu, amandla oomatshini okanye imitha, njl. njl.), njl., kunye nokuzivumelanisa kwayo neeparamitha zokusebenza kwenkqubo yamandla yokwambathisa. Ukuhamba komoya kunye nokusasaza ubushushu kwi-transformer yohlobo olomileyo, uxinzelelo lwe-insulation, njl.njl., zonke zingaphakathi kobubanzi benkqubo yokwambathisa ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.

4.3 Iphepha lokuvala ubushushu

Iphepha lefayibha yezityalo lahlulwe laba yifayibha yomthi, ifayibha yekotoni kunye nefayibha yehemp, apho elona lisetyenziswa kakhulu liphepha lefayibha yepulp yomthi wesulfate. I-fir kunye nepayini yaseKorea kunye neminye imithi yenziwe ikakhulu yi-cellulose, eyi-polymer compound yendalo. Indlela yokuvelisa iphepha lokukhusela isebenzisa indlela yeekhemikhali, njengendlela ye-sulfate. Kule ndlela, icandelo eliphambili lolwelo lokupheka yi-sodium sulfide (Na2S). I-sodium sulfide ifakwa kwi-hydrolyzed ukuvelisa i-sodium hydrogen sulfide kunye ne-sodium hydroxide. I-cellulose iyasabela kwaye iyinyibilikise kwi-lye. Ulwelo lokupheka luthambile, ngoko ke ubunzima be-molecular ye-cellulose buyancipha kancinci kakhulu. Amaphepha okukhusela i-cellulose yesityalo asetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-transformers ngala: iphepha lekhebula lamandla, iphepha lekhebula le-high-voltage kunye nephepha lokukhusela i-transformer inter-turn.

1) Iphepha lekhebula: Iphepha lekhebula lenziwe nge-kraft pulp, amanqanaba yi-DL08, DL12, DL17, ubukhulu yi-0.08mm, 0.12mm kunye ne-0.17mm, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye linikezelwa kwiiroli. Emva kokuba iphepha lekhebula lifakwe ioyile yetransformer, amandla alo oomatshini kunye namandla ombane aya kuphuculwa kakhulu. Umzekelo, amandla ombane ephepha lekhebula lombane emoyeni yi-6 ~ 9 × 103kV / m, kwaye emva kokomisa nokuntywilisela ioyile yetransformer, amandla ombane afikelela kwi-70 ~ 90 × 103kV / m. Linozinzo olwaneleyo lobushushu kwaye lihlala lisetyenziswa njenge-winding insulation kunye ne-interlayer insulation. Iphepha lekhebula likwaquka iphepha lekhebula le-high-voltage, iphepha lekhebula le-low-voltage, iphepha lekhebula le-high-density kunye nephepha le-crepe insulation. Iphepha lekhebula le-high-voltage lifanelekile kwiitransformer kunye neetransformer ze-110-330kV, ezine-tangent ephantsi yokulahleka kwe-dielectric; Iphepha lekhebula elinombane ophantsi lisetyenziselwa ukuthintela iintambo zamandla kunye neetransformer okanye ezinye iimveliso zombane ze-35kV nangaphantsi; iphepha le-crepe elikhuselayo lenziwe ngephepha elikhuselayo lombane. Lenziwe ngokucubungula imibimbi, kwaye kukho imibimbi kwicala lalo elinqamlezileyo, elitsalwa xa lisoluliwe. Lidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukugquma kweetransformer ezintywilisiweyo kwioyile, ezifana nokugquma kwe-insulation kwee-coil outlets, iilead kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ze-electrostatic; iphepha lekhebula elinoxinano oluphezulu likwakhusela Uhlobo lwephepha le-crepe, amandla ombane aphezulu nge-100% ukuya kwi-150% kunephepha le-crepe eliqhelekileyo, amandla oomatshini aphezulu ngama-50%, amandla ombane aphezulu, ukumelana neoyile kulungile, ukuthamba kulungile, kwaye kulula ukuyolula. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-lead endaweni yeteyiphu evarnished. kunye nokuthintela uqhagamshelo lweentambo kunye nee-bends.

2) Iphepha lefowuni: Iphepha lefowuni lenziwe nge-sulfate pulp, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo zefowuni. Ayinamandla oomatshini kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-turn insulation, i-layer insulation okanye i-cover insulation yee-conductors.

3) Iphepha le-Capacitor: Iphepha le-Capacitor lahlulwe laba yi-Class A kunye ne-Class B ngokweemfuno zokusetyenziswa. Iphepha le-Capacitor le-Class A lisetyenziselwa ii-capacitor ze-dielectric zephepha ezenziwe ngesinyithi kushishino lwe-elektroniki. I-Class B isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-interpole dielectric kwii-capacitor zamandla. Iphepha le-Capacitor liphawulwa kukuxinana okuphezulu kunye nobukhulu obuncinci. Ngokubanzi, ii-transformers zangoku zihlala zisebenzisa iphepha le-capacitor, kwaye ii-transformers azisetyenziswa rhoqo.

4) Iphepha lokukhusela elihlanganisiweyo: Iphepha lokukhusela elihlanganisiweyo lisetyenziswa njengephepha elingasemva lephepha lokulinganisa, kwaye iphepha lokulinganisa lisetyenziselwa ukugquma isilinda sokukhusela (ityhubhu) kunye nesingxobo esinomthamo, esibonakaliswa kukuba ukuphakama kokufunxwa kwamanzi kuphezulu kunephepha lekhebula kwaye kungaphantsi kunePhepha lokufunxa. Iphepha elihlanganisiweyo lahlulwe laba yiglue enecala elinye okanye emacala amabini (i-phenolic okanye i-epoxy resin), ephiliswa kubushushu obuphantsi. Xa iphepha elihlanganisiweyo lisetyenziselwa ukwenza ityhubhu yephepha okanye ukucinezela i-laminate, iglue ekugqibeleni iyaphiliswa xa ifudunyezwa kwaye icinezelwe. , Iroli ngokubanzi yiteyipu enecala elinye, kwaye iteyipu ecinezelweyo yiteyipu enecala elinye. Ukongeza, kukwakho nephepha elincamathiselweyo ledayimani (iphepha elincamathiselweyo le-mesh), elisetyenziselwa ukugquma phakathi kwe-insulation ye-coils ezifakwe kwi-foil ezifakwe kwi-oyile. Emva kokunyibilika, kuqinisekisa ukunamathelana phakathi kwe-insulation kunye naphakathi kwe-insulation kunye ne-foil, okwandisa amandla kunye nokuvuleka kakuhle kwe-oyile.

Iphepha lokukhusela i-transformer eliqhelekileyo lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiphepha lekhebula, iphepha le-crepe kunye nephepha lokukhupha i-rhombus, ezisetyenziswa kwii-transformers njenge-inter-turn insulation, i-inter-layer insulation, i-lead binding, njl. Ngokwesiqhelo, amaxabiso eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zephepha lokukhusela i-insulation awahlukanga. Liya kuba likhulu kakhulu, malunga ne-20 yuan/kg.

4.4 Izinto zombane ezidityanisiweyo

Iifilimu ezibhityileyo zombane kunye nezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zombane zineempawu ezintle ze-dielectric kwaye zezezixhobo zokukhusela i-thin sheet. Iifilimu zombane ziquka ifilimu ye-polyester kunye nefilimu ye-polyimide, enokusetyenziswa njengokukhusela i-wire kunye nokukhusela i-interlayer kwiitransformers. Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zombane yimveliso edityanisiweyo eyenziwe ngecala elinye okanye amacala amabini ezinto ezidityanisiweyo zefayibha, ezinokusetyenziswa njengokukhusela i-interlayer kwiitransformers, ngakumbi kwiikhoyili zefoyile eziguqulweyo ezomileyo, kwaye iikhoyili ze-low-voltage zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Emva kokugqunywa nge-resin, isetyenziswa njengokukhusela i-interlayer. Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo yi-DMD, i-GHG njalo njalo.

Igama elipheleleyo le-DMD yi-polyester film polyester fiber non-woven soft composite material, eyahlulwe yaba yi-pre-impregnated resin DMD kunye ne-non-impregnated DMD. D) I-composite ethambileyo eyenziweyo enamaleko amathathu. I-DMD inobushushu obuhle kakhulu bombane, ukumelana nobushushu kunye namandla oomatshini kunye neempawu ezintle kakhulu zokufakelwa. I-Non-preg DMD ingasetyenziswa njengobushushu phakathi kwamalayelo kwii-transformers ezintywilisiweyo kwioyile, kwaye i-prepreg DMD ingasetyenziswa njengobushushu phakathi kwamalayelo kwii-coils ze-foil wound ezine-voltage ephantsi kwii-transformers zohlobo lwe-Class F ezomileyo. Izalathisi zayo zokusebenza ezithile ziboniswe kwitheyibhile elandelayo:

Igama elipheleleyo le-GHG yi-polyimide film pre-impregnated H-grade resin glass fiber soft material. Yinto ethambileyo enemigangatho emithathu eyenziwe ngelaphu le-glass fiber (G) encamathiselwe kumacala omabini efilimu ye-polyimide (H). Xa ithelekiswa ne-DMD, inokumelana nobushushu okungcono kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukugquma phakathi kwemigangatho yee-coils ze-foil wound ze-low-voltage ze-H-class insulation dry-type transformers.

Igama elipheleleyo le-NHN yi-polyimide film polyaramid fiber paper soft composite material. I-NHN okwangoku yeyona nto incinci yokukhusela ubushushu ekumgangatho ophezulu, inokumelana nobushushu okugqwesileyo, iipropati ezilungileyo ze-dielectric, ukufunxwa kwamanzi amancinci kunye nokumelana nokufuma okugqwesileyo. Ikwizinto zokukhusela ubushushu zeklasi ye-H kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela ubushushu phakathi kweziguquli zohlobo lwe-H ezomileyo. Iiparameter zayo zokusebenza ezithile ziboniswe kwitheyibhile elandelayo:

4.5 Ikhadibhodi yokukhusela

Ibhodi yephepha yokwambathisa yenziwe ngephepha le-pulp eyenziwe ngomthi we-kraft kwaye ingasetyenziselwa i-oil gap spacers, i-oil gap stays, i-separators, ii-cardboard tubes, iphepha elirhabaxa, i-iron joke insulation, i-clip insulation kunye ne-end insulation winding pressure plates ze-pie windings njl., ubukhulu bayo obuqhelekileyo yi-1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 6mm, i-insulation cardboard yahlulwe yaba yi-low-density cardboard, i-medium-density cardboard kunye ne-high-density cardboard ngokwe-density, iphepha eliphantsi lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-T3 soft cardboard, i-density iphakathi kwe-0.75g/cm3 kunye ne-0.9g/cm3, amandla aphantsi, kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukugoba iindawo okanye ukwenza iindawo ezolulekileyo emva kokumanzisa, njengokwenza ii-angle rings, iindawo ezi-annular kunye nee-soft paper tubes. I-low-density cardboard ine-high oil infusion rate, i-good formability, kodwa ii-mechanical properties zimbi; Ikhadibhodi enoxinano oluphakathi idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yikhadibhodi ye-T1, enoxinano oluphakathi kwe-0.95g/cm3 kunye ne-1.15g/cm3, esetyenziswa njengephedi yokugcina, njl.njl.; ikhadibhodi enoxinano oluphezulu Ikhadibhodi idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yikhadibhodi ye-T4, enoxinano oluphakathi kwe-1.15g/cm3 ukuya kwi-1.3g/cm3, kwaye isetyenziswa njengetyhubhu yekhadibhodi yokukhusela, ipleyiti yoxinzelelo yokukhusela kunye neringi yokuphela. Kwisakhiwo se-spacer sebhodi yeoyile esakhiwe ziityhubhu zephepha ze-coil ezineeleya ezininzi, ikhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo ingasetyenziswa endaweni yee-struts zekhadibhodi ukwenza izithuba zeoyile, ezinokonga izinto ngokusekelwe ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kobushushu.

Ifilimu yePolypropylene ye-4.6

Ifilimu ye-polypropylene yenziwe nge-polypropylene resin (PP) ekhutshelwe kwiphepha elingqindilili kwaye yolulwe kwicala. 0.92g/cm3. 2) Ineempawu ezilungileyo zombane kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali, i-dielectric coefficient ehambelanayo yi-2 ukuya kwi-2.2, kwaye uxinzelelo lokuqhekeka lungaphezulu kwe-150MV/m; 3) Ineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini, kwaye amandla ayo okuxinana angaphezulu kwe-100MPa; 4) Ingasetyenziswa ixesha elide kwi-125 ℃ kwaye ikwi-E-class insulation; 5) Ine-hydrophobicity kunye nokukwazi okunamandla okulwa namanzi, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela i-wire insulation yee-transformers ezintywilisiweyo kwi-oyile.

4.7 Other insulating materials

Transformer oil and insulating paper are the main insulating materials for oil-immersed transformer coils. Resin, insulating paper, and composite materials are the main insulating materials for dry-type transformer coils. In addition to these materials, the following insulating materials are also commonly used in transformers: (Laminated wood, laminate, insulating paint, insulating glue, cotton tape, compression tape, no weft tape, etc.

1) Laminate: Electrical laminate is a layered insulating material made of paper, cloth and wooden veneer as the substrate, dipped (or coated) with different adhesives, and hot pressed (or rolled). . According to the requirements of use, the laminated products can be made into products with excellent electrical and mechanical properties, heat resistance, oil resistance, mildew resistance, arc resistance and corona resistance. Laminate products mainly include laminates, laminated wood, laminated tubes, rods, capacitor sleeve cores and other special profiles. The properties of laminates depend on the nature of the substrate and adhesive and the process by which they are formed. According to different raw materials and adhesives, laminates are divided into insulating laminates (paperboard, used for oil change), phenolic laminated paperboard (commonly known as bakelite, paperboard impregnated with phenolic resin, used for oil change), phenolic laminated cloth board (cotton cloth impregnated with phenolic resin, commonly used for oil change), epoxy glass cloth board (glass fiber cloth with epoxy resin as adhesive, can be used for F grade dry change or oil change), modified diphenyl ether glass cloth board (Glass fiber cloth uses modified diphenyl ether resin as adhesive, which can be used for H-level dry change), bismaleimide glass cloth board (glass fiber cloth uses bismaleimide resin as adhesive, Can be used for H-level dry change). Laminates usually have good mechanical strength and insulation properties, and are often used as core clip insulation, external supports, etc. in transformers.

2) Insulation cylinder (tube): The insulation cylinder in the transformer is mainly used between the inner and outer coils, between the coil and the iron core, for the coil lining the skeleton, and the wire is directly wound on the insulation cylinder. At the same time, the insulation cylinder can also be used for the main Insulation, increase the number of oil gaps in the main insulation, and strengthen the insulation. According to the different materials, the insulating tube is generally divided into phenolic paper tube (commonly used for oil change), epoxy glass cloth tube (commonly used for oil change or F grade dry change), modified diphenyl ether glass cloth tube (commonly used for oil change) H-level dry change), glass fiber reinforced plastic cylinder (commonly used in H-level dry change), bismaleimide glass cloth cylinder (commonly used in H-level dry change), etc.

3) Laminated wood: The electrical laminated wood is made of high-quality hardwoods, such as birch, beech, etc. After being cooked twice at 70°C to 80°C, the lignin acid and grease of the wood itself are removed, and then cut into individual pieces of 1 to 3 mm. After drying, it is coated with resin adhesive. After pre-curing, it is repeatedly assembled and stacked. It has good insulating strength and mechanical strength. It can be used as spacer, angle ring, etc. in oil change. .

1) Binding tapes: Transformer binding tapes include cotton tapes, compression tapes, mesh semi-dry non-weft tapes, glass tapes, polyester tapes, etc., which are used for binding and tightening iron cores and coils.

5. Material structure and accessories

In the transformer, there are also structural materials and accessories. The structural materials mainly play the functions of transformer support, magnetic circuit, circuit reinforcement, transformer insulating liquid packaging, etc., including clips, oil tanks, radiators, oil conservators, etc. The main materials are For Q235 steel, non-magnetic steel is often used for the outlet bushing of the fuel tank cover to reduce eddy currents. In addition, non-magnetic steel or high-grade steel is sometimes used inside the transformer body.

Transformer accessories mainly have performance monitoring and protection functions. Dry transformers include thermostats, fans, transformers, etc., and oil transformers include gas relays, thermostats, pressure relief valves, tap switches, etc. Some accessories are required by customers. propose.

Source: Transformer Circle