Ngemva kokufunda lokhu, uzoba nokuqonda okuphelele kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa komzimba we-transformer

Izinto eziyinhloko zomzimba we-transformer zifaka phakathi izinto zesekethe ezisebenza ngogesi, izinto zesekethe, izinto zokuvikela umswakama, izinto zokwakha, njll. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile kanye nezigaba yilezi:

1. Ishidi lensimbi le-silicon

Ku-transformer, izidingo zokusebenza kwensimbi ye-silicon ngokuyinhloko yilezi:

①Ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi okuphansi, okuyisibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sekhwalithi yamashidi ensimbi e-silicon. Wonke amazwe ahlukanisa amamaki ngokwenani lokulahlekelwa yinsimbi. Uma ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi kuphansi, kulapho izinga liphakama khona.

②Ukuqina kokufakwa kwe-magnetic (ukufakwa kwe-magnetic) kuphezulu ngaphansi kwensimu enamandla kamagnetic, okunciphisa ivolumu nesisindo sensimbi eyinhloko yemoto kanye ne-transformer, futhi kusindisa amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon, izintambo zethusi nezinto zokuvikela.

③Ubuso bubushelelezi, buyisicaba futhi bufana ngobukhulu, okungathuthukisa isici sokugcwalisa se-iron core.

④Iyakwazi ukubhoboza kahle futhi kulula ukuyicubungula.

⑤Ukunamathela kanye nokushiselwa kwefilimu yokuvikela ubuso kuhle, okungavimbela ukugqwala futhi kuthuthukise isici sokubhoboza.

⑥ Ngokuyisisekelo akukho ukuguga okunamandla.

Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nencazelo yebanga leshidi lensimbi ye-silicon

Ama-Transformers avame ukusebenzisa amashidi ensimbi e-silicon aqoqwe ngokubandayo ukuqinisekisa amazinga awo okusebenza kahle kwamandla angenamthwalo. Ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon eliqoqwe ngokubandayo lingahlukaniswa libe ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon eliqoqwe ngokubandayo eliqoqwe ngokubandayo, ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon elikwazi ukungena ngamandla aphezulu (noma ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon elisebenzisa amandla aphezulu), kanye neshidi lensimbi ye-silicon elisebenzisa i-laser ngokwezakhiwo nezindlela zokucubungula. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwensimu yamagnetic eshintshanayo (inani eliphakeme) lika-50Hz no-800A, ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon eline-polarization encane ye-magnetic B800A=1.78T～1.85T efinyelelwa yi-iron core libizwa ngokuthi ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon elijwayelekile, elibizwa ngokuthi "CGO", kanye ne-B800A=1.85T noma ngaphezulu. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwensimbi ye-Hi-B kanye nensimbi ye-silicon evamile yile: ukuthungwa kwe-Gaussian orientation yensimbi ye-Hi-B Izinga lensimbi ye-silicon liphezulu kakhulu, okungukuthi, ukuhambisana kwezinhlamvu zensimbi ye-silicon esiqondisweni se-magnetization esilula kuphezulu kakhulu. Embonini, inqubo yesibili yokuphinda isetshenziswe isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon anokuqukethwe kwe-silicon okungu-3%. Ukuma kwensimbi ye-Hi-B kuphakeme kakhulu. Ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kusuka ohlangothini lokugoqa kungu-3°, kanti okweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon elijwayelekile kungu-7°, ukuze insimbi ye-Hi-B ibe nokuvuleka okuphezulu kwe-magnetic, ngokuvamile i-B800A yayo ingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-1.88T, okuthuthukisa ukuthungwa kokuma kwe-Gaussian kanye nokuvuleka kwe-Magnetic kunciphisa ukulahleka kwensimbi. Esinye isici sensimbi ye-Hi-B ukuthi ukucindezelwa okunwebekayo kwefilimu yengilazi kanye nokugqoka okufakwe ebusweni beshidi lensimbi kungu-3~5N/mm2, okungcono kuneshidi lensimbi ye-silicon elijwayelekile eliqondiswe. Isendlalelo sokucindezeleka okuphezulu sinciphisa ububanzi besizinda se-magnetic futhi sinciphisa ukulahleka kwamanje kwe-eddy okungavamile. Ngakho-ke, insimbi ye-Hi-B inenani eliphansi lokulahlekelwa kwensimbi kuneshidi lensimbi ye-silicon eliqondiswe okusanhlamvu elijwayelekile.

Ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon elimakwe nge-laser lisekelwe ensimbini ye-Hi-B, ngobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisela ngemisebe ye-laser, ubuso buyacindezelwa kancane, i-axis yamagnetic iyacwengisiswa ngokwengeziwe, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi okuphansi kufinyelelwa. Amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon amakwe nge-laser awakwazi ukuncishiswa, ngoba umphumela wokwelashwa nge-laser uzonyamalala uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.

Ngokuvamile kungama-1.56T, okuhlukile cishe ngo-20% ku-saturation flux density yeshidi lensimbi ye-silicon ejwayelekile engu-1.9T, ngakho-ke i-density ye-design flux ye-transformer nayo idinga ukuncishiswa ngo-20%. I-density ye-design flux yama-transformer kawoyela we-alloy amorphous ivame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-1.35T. I-density yamagnetic design ye-crystalline alloy dry change ivame ukuba ngaphansi kuka-1.2T.

2) Imicu ye-core aggregate e-Amorphous iyazwela ekucindezelekeni. Ngemva kokuba imicu ye-core icindezelwe, ukusebenza okungenamthwalo kulula ukuwohloka. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile isakhiwo. I-core kufanele ilengiswe ohlakeni lokusekela kanye ne-coil. Ithwala amandla ayo adonsela phansi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa, i-iron core ayikwazi ukucindezelwa, futhi ukushaya nezinye izindlela kufanele kuncishiswe.

3) Ukuqina kwe-Magnetostriction kukhulu cishe ngo-10% kunokwamashidi ensimbi e-silicon avamile, ngakho-ke umsindo wayo kunzima ukuwulawula, okungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokunciphisa ukukhuthazwa okubanzi kwama-transformer e-alloy angenawo ukwakheka. Umsindo we-transformer ubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme, ezihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezizwelayo nezindawo ezingezona ezizwelayo, kanti izidingo zezinga lomsindo zibekwa phambili ngendlela eqondiwe, okudinga ukunciphisa okwengeziwe kobuningi bamagnetic bomklamo oyinhloko.

4) Umugqa we-alloy ongenayo i-amorphous mncane, ubukhulu bawo bungu-0.03mm kuphela, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukwenziwa ube yifomu le-lamination njengeshidi lensimbi le-silicon elivamile, kodwa ungenziwa kuphela ube yi-core yensimbi ehlanganisiwe. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo se-core yensimbi sabakhiqizi be-transformer abavamile asinakucutshungulwa sodwa. Ukunikezwa kwemisebenzi yangaphandle, okuhambisana nesigaba esingunxande somugqa we-core yensimbi ehlanganisiwe, ikhoyili ye-transformer ye-alloy engenayo i-amorphous ivame ukwenziwa ibe yisakhiwo esingunxande;

5) Izinga lokwenziwa kwendawo alanele. Njengamanje, ikakhulukazi ingeniswa nge-amorphous alloy strips evela ku-Hitachi Metals, futhi ukwenziwa kwendawo kuyenzeka kancane kancane. E-China, i-Antai Technology kanye ne-Qingdao Yunlu bane-broadband ye-amorphous alloy (213mm, 170mm kanye ne-142mm). , futhi kusenegebe elithile phakathi kokusebenza kwayo kanye nokuqina kwe-strips ezingenisiwe.

6) Ubude obukhulu bomcu bunqunyelwe. Ubude obukhulu bomcu wangaphandle ongaphandle komugqa we-alloy amorphous esigabeni sokuqala nawo bunqunyelwe kakhulu ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kosayizi wesithando somlilo esishisayo. Kodwa-ke, sekuxazululiwe njengamanje, futhi ama-alloy angenawo umklamo anobude obukhulu bomcu wangaphandle ongu-10m angakhiqizwa. Uhlaka lwensimbi oluyinhloko lungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ushintsho olumile lwe-3150kVA kanye nangaphansi koshintsho lwe-alloy amorphous oluyi-10000kVA kanye nangaphansi koshintsho lwe-alloy amorphous.

Ngokusekelwe emphumeleni omuhle kakhulu wokonga amandla wama-transformer e-alloy angenawo umfuziselo, kanye nokukhuthazwa kokulondolozwa kwamandla kuzwelonke kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya kanye nochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo, isabelo semakethe sama-transformer e-alloy angenawo umfuziselo siyakhula, futhi uma sicabangela i-alloy strip engawo umfuziselo (njengamanje engu-26.5 yuan) /kg) Intengo cishe iphindwe kabili kuneyeshidi lensimbi ye-silicon evamile (30Q120 noma 30Q130), futhi igebe nethusi lincane kakhulu. Uma sicabangela ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yegridi yamandla kanye nezidingo zokubhida, ama-transformer e-alloy angenawo umfuziselo avame ukusebenzisa ama-conductor ethusi. Uma kuqhathaniswa namashidi ensimbi ye-silicon avamile, izikhala ezinkulu zezindleko zama-transformer e-alloy angenawo umfuziselo zimi kanje:

1) Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-wound core, isakhiwo se-control esinezigaba ezintathu kufanele samukelwe uhlobo lwe-transformer core, olunganciphisa isisindo se-core enohlaka olulodwa futhi lunciphise ubunzima bokuhlanganiswa. Isakhiwo se-control esinezigaba ezintathu kanye nesakhiwo se-control esinezigaba ezintathu sinezinzuzo nezinkinga zaso ngokwezindleko. , Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa isakhiwo se-control esinezigaba ezintathu. I-control yensimbi enohlaka olulodwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2:

2) Njengoba ingxenye yesiphambano sesiqu ingunxande, ukuze kugcinwe ibanga lokufakwa kokushisa lihambisana, ama-coil aphezulu naphansi e-voltage nawo enziwa abe yisakhiwo esifana nonxande.

1) Njengoba ubukhulu bukamagnetic bomklamo oyinhloko buphansi cishe ngo-25% kunobaguquli beshidi lensimbi ye-silicon evamile, kanti i-coefficient ye-lamination ye-core yayo icishe ibe ngu-0.87, okuphansi kakhulu kunobaguquli beshidi lensimbi ye-silicon evamile engu-0.97, indawo yayo enqamulayo yomklamo idinga ukuba nkulu kunobaguquli beshidi lensimbi ye-silicon evamile. Uma inkulu kuno-25%, umjikelezo ohambisanayo wama-coil aphezulu naphansi kagesi nawo uzokhula ngokufanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela ukwanda kobude bokujika kwe-coil ephezulu nephansi kagesi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa umthwalo we-coil akushintshi, indawo enqamulayo yocingo idinga ukuba nkulu ngokufanayo, okuqukethwe kwethusi kwama-transformer e-alloy angenasimo cishe kuphakeme ngo-20% kunokwabaguquli abavamile.

3. Izinto Zesekethe

Ukubuka konke

Isekethe yangaphakathi ye-transformer yakhiwe kakhulu ngama-windings (aziwa nangokuthi ama-coil). Ixhunywe ngqo kugridi yamandla yangaphandle futhi iyisici esiyinhloko se-transformer. Isekethe yangaphakathi ye-transformer ivame ukwenziwa ngama-windings e-wire. Izintambo zethusi nezintambo ze-aluminium zihlukaniswe ngezintambo eziyindilinga, izintambo ezisicaba (ezingahlukaniswa ngokwengeziwe ngezintambo ezilodwa, izintambo ezihlanganisiwe nezintambo eziguquliwe), ama-conductor e-foil, njll. ngokwesimo se-cross-sectional sezintambo. , futhi ekugcineni kwakha ikhoyili iyonke. Ngakho-ke, izinto eziyinhloko zomqhubi wesekethe ye-transformer yithusi ne-aluminium.

3.1 Ukuqhathaniswa kwezici zethusi ne-aluminium

Kokubili ithusi ne-aluminium kuyizinto zensimbi ezinomoya omuhle kagesi futhi ziyizikhonkwane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-transformer coil. Umehluko ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo uboniswe kuthebula elilandelayo:

3.2 Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kwezintambo zethusi-aluminium kuma-windings e-transformer

Umehluko we-transformer yethusi-aluminium unqunywa futhi umehluko wezinto zokwakha, oqukethwe kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1) Ukumelana kwabaqhubi bethusi kungama-60% kuphela kwabaqhubi be-aluminium. Ukuze kufezwe izidingo ezifanayo zokulahlekelwa kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa, indawo enqamulayo yabaqhubi be-aluminium okufanele isetshenziswe inkulu ngaphezu kwama-60% kunaleyo yabaqhubi bethusi, ngakho-ke kudingeka umthamo ofanayo kanye nemingcele efanayo. Umthamo we-transformer ye-aluminium conductor ngokuvamile mkhulu kunowe-transformer ye-copper conductor, kodwa indawo yokushabalalisa ukushisa ye-transformer nayo iyanda ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa likawoyela kuphansi;

2) Ubuningi be-aluminiyamu bucishe bube ngu-30% kuphela kunobethusi, ngakho-ke ama-transformer okusabalalisa ama-conductor e-aluminiyamu alula kune-transformer yokusabalalisa ama-conductor ethusi;

3) Indawo yokuncibilika komqhubi we-aluminium iphansi kakhulu kuneyomqhubi wethusi, ngakho-ke umkhawulo wokuphakama kwezinga lokushisa komshini we-short-circuit ungu-250 ℃, ongaphansi kuka-350 ℃ womqhubi wethusi. Inkulu, ngakho-ke ivolumu nayo inkulu kune-transformer yomqhubi wethusi;

4) Ubulukhuni bomqhubi we-aluminium buphansi, ngakho-ke i-surface burr kulula ukuyisusa, ngakho-ke ngemva kokwenziwa kwe-transformer, amathuba okuba i-inter-turn noma i-inter-layer short circuit ebangelwa yi-burr ayancipha;

5) Ngenxa yokuthi ama-conductor e-aluminium awanamandla aqinile futhi ayacindezela, ama-transformer e-aluminium awakwazi ukufinyeza imingcele njengama-transformer e-copper conductor. Umkhawulo wokucindezeleka womqhubi yi-1600kg/cm2, futhi amandla okuthwala athuthuke kakhulu;

6) Inqubo yokushisela phakathi komqhubi we-aluminium kanye nomqhubi wethusi ayilungile, futhi ikhwalithi yokushisela yejoyinti akulula ukuyiqinisekisa, okuthinta ukuthembeka komqhubi we-aluminium ngezinga elithile.

7) Ukushisa okuqondile komqhubi we-aluminium kungu-239% kwalokho komqhubi wethusi, kodwa uma ucabangela umehluko wobuningi kanye nobukhulu bukagesi obuklanywe phakathi kwalokhu okubili, umehluko wangempela wesikhathi sokushisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili awukhulu njengomehluko wokushisa oqondile. Umthamo wokulayisha ngokweqile wesikhashana wama-transformer ohlobo olomile awunawo umphumela omncane.

4. Izinto zokuvala umoya

Ukubuka konke

Nokho, ukuthembeka nokuphila kwenkonzo ye-transformer kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo zokuvikela ukushisa. Izinto zokuvikela ukushisa, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-dielectric, ziyizinto ezinokumelana okuphezulu kanye nokuqhuba okuphansi. Izinto zokuvikela ukushisa zingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa abaqhubi abashajwayo noma ngama-potential ahlukene, okuvumela ukuthi ugesi ugeleze ngendlela ethile. Emikhiqizweni ye-transformer, izinto zokuvikela ukushisa nazo zidlala indima yokushabalalisa ukushisa, ukupholisa, ukusekela, ukuqinisa, ukucima i-arc, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-gradient okungenzeka, ukumelana nomswakama, ukumelana nesikhunta kanye nokuvikelwa komqhubi. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-DC voltage, ugesi omncane kakhulu kuphela ogeleza ezintweni ezivikela ukushisa. Ukumelana kwawo (okubhekisela ekumelaneni kwevolumu emoyeni) kuphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile 108~1020Ω·cm (ukumelana komqhubi kungu-10-6~10-3Ω·cm, kanti ukumelana kwe-semiconductor kungu-10-3~108Ω cm).

Izinto zokuvikela ugesi zinokumelana okukhulu kakhulu nogesi we-DC. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuphezulu, ngaphansi kwesenzo se-voltage ye-DC, cishe ayihambisi ngaphandle komsinga wokuvuza okuncane kakhulu; kuyilapho inomthamo wogesi we-AC. Ugesi wamanje nawo ngokuvamile ubhekwa njengongahambisi ugesi. Uma ukumelana kwezinto zokuvikela ugesi kuphakeme, kulapho izakhiwo zawo zokuvikela zingcono khona.

Izinto zokufaka ugesi zisetshenziswa kuma-transformer ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zokuhambisa ugesi kusuka komunye nomunye ziye emhlabathini (amandla angekho). Uma zisetshenziswa ezisekelweni ezahlukene, kufanele futhi zibe nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokufaka ugesi nazo zidlala ezinye izindima, njengokupholisa, ukulungisa, ukugcina amandla, ukucima i-arc, ukuthuthukisa i-gradient engaba khona, ukumelana nomswakama, ukumelana nokubola kanye nokuvikela ama-conductor.

Ngokuvamile, izinto zokuvikela uthuli zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:

1) Izinto zokuvikela igesi: Ngaphansi kokushisa okuvamile kanye nengcindezi, amagesi ajwayelekile omile anezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela, njengomoya, i-nitrogen, i-hydrogen, i-carbon dioxide, i-sulfur hexafluoride, njll. Phakathi kwawo, umoya kanye ne-sulfur hexafluoride kusetshenziswa kuma-transformer. kabanzi;

2) Izinto zokuvikela uketshezi: Izinto zokuvikela uketshezi zivame ukuba khona ngesimo samafutha, okwaziwa nangokuthi uwoyela wokuvikela. Njengamafutha amaminerali, uwoyela wemifino, ama-ester okwenziwa, njll.;

3) Izinto eziqinile zokuvikela: njengopende wokuvikela, iglue yokuvikela, iphepha lokuvikela, ikhadibhodi yokuvikela, ikhadibhodi elakhiwe ngothayela, amapulasitiki kagesi namafilimu, ama-laminate kagesi (izinduku, amashubhu), i-epoxy resin ebunjiwe ngensimbi, i-porcelain kagesi, irabha, imikhiqizo ye-mica, njll.

4.1 Uwoyela wokuvikela

Uwoyela wokuvikela ubonakala ngamandla kagesi aphezulu, umbani ophezulu, indawo ephansi yokubanda, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ngaphansi kwesenzo se-oxygen, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nensimu kagesi enamandla, okungenabo ubuthi, okungaboli, ukuba mnene okuphansi, ukugeleza okuhle njalo njalo. Usetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni kagesi efana nama-transformer, ukushintshana kwamafutha, ama-capacitor kanye nezintambo, futhi udlala indima yokuvikela, ukupholisa, ukufaka umoya kanye nokugcwalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udlala indima yokucima i-arc kuma-switch kawoyela kanye nokugcina amandla kuma-capacitor.

Uwoyela wokuvikela udlala indima ekabili yokuvikela nokupholisa ku-transformer ngesikhathi esisodwa;

Amafutha okuvikela okwamanje ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

1) Uwoyela wamaminerali: njengowoyela we-transformer, uwoyela we-switch, uwoyela we-capacitor, uwoyela wekhebula;

2) Uwoyela wokwenziwa: njenge-dodecylbenzene, uwoyela we-silicone, i-ester yokwenziwa, njll.;

3) Amafutha emifino;

4.2 I-resin ye-Epoxy

I-resin ye-epoxy iyinhlanganisela ye-polymer. I-resin ibonakala ngezinto eziphilayo eziqinile, eziqinile kancane noma eziqinile kancane ezinesisindo sama-molecule esingacaci (ngokuvamile esiphezulu), ukuthambekela kokugeleza lapho kucindezelwa, ngokuvamile ibanga lokuthambisa noma lokuncibilika, kanye nesigaba esiqinile esivame ukuveza isimo esifana negobolondo. Inezici ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo:

1) Uchungechunge lwama-molecule lude kakhulu, uchungechunge ngalunye luqukethe amakhulu noma amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-athomu, ahlanganiswe ndawonye;

2) Uchungechunge olude lwama-molecule lwakhiwe yiyunithi encane kakhulu ephindaphindayo, okungukuthi, isixhumanisi se-chain, futhi inani lezixhumanisi ze-chain ku-molecule libizwa ngokuthi izinga le-polymerization;

3) Amandla aphelele aphakathi kwama-molecule ama-macromolecule avame ukwedlula amandla esibopho samakhemikhali phakathi kwama-athomu ku-molecule, ukuze ama-polymer compounds abe nochungechunge lwezimpawu: isibonelo, ayikho i-polymer yegesi, inqubo yokuncibilika kwe-polymer ihamba kancane, njll. Uma kukhona ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwama-molecule, Lesi sici sihlukile nakakhulu.

I-Epoxy resin ibhekisela kuma-oligomer aqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo e-epoxy. Ama-Epoxy resin aqala ukuvela ngo-1891. Ngemva kuka-1947, izinkampani eziningi e-United States naseSwitzerland zaphumelela ekukhiqizeni ama-bisphenol A epoxy resin embonini. Izwe lakithi laqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1956.

Izakhiwo zokufakelwa kukagesi zezinto ze-epoxy zivelele kakhulu. Uma kungafakwanga isitsha, i-EB yomkhiqizo osulungisiwe iphakeme kune-16MV/m, i-pV iphakeme kune-1011Ω·m, i-εr ingu-3 kuya ku-4, kanti i-tanδ icishe ibe ngu-0.002 ngaphansi kwemvamisa yamandla. Ngakho-ke, ama-resin e-oxygen angu-20% asetshenziselwa ukufakelwa kukagesi kanye ne-elekthronikhi, njengopende wokufakelwa we-epoxy njengopende wokufakelwa we-B-class, ukufakelwa ama-windings e-motor stator amancane naphakathi; upende ongenaso i-epoxy solvent usetshenziselwa ukufakelwa kwama-windings e-motor stator amakhulu; ama-laminate (amapuleti, amashubhu, ama-Rods) asetshenziswa njengezindawo zokufaka kanye nama-spacers ama-motor, izinduku zokusebenza ze-switch ephezulu; ama-adhesive asetshenziselwa ukubopha ama-bushings e-porcelain kagesi aphezulu; ama-castable asetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-disc ku-sulfur hexafluoride egcwele i-combined equipment (GIS). Izingxenye ezifana nama-insulator, ama-transformer kanye nama-capacitor e-ceramic aphezulu. Njengamanje, amagama omkhiqizo wama-resin epoxy noma ama-resin epoxy aguquliwe akhiqizwa eShayina asafana okwamanje. Amagama abakhiqizi be-resin epoxy abahlukene emhlabeni wonke nawo ahlukile futhi adinga ukuhlonzwa ngophawu lokuhweba.

Ama-resin e-epoxy angama-oligomer kuphela futhi angasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokupholisa. I-ejenti yokupholisa ingasabela ne-epoxy resin ukuze ixhumanise ama-molecule e-resin kusuka esakhiweni esiqondile iye esakhiweni esikhulu. Ama-promoter/catalysts anganciphisa amandla okusebenza kwe-reaction futhi angakhuthaza/alungise inqubo yokusabela kwejeli ye-castable. I-ejenti yokupholisa isebenzisa i-hydrogen esebenzayo equkethwe kuyo ukuze yenze i-ring-opening addition reaction neqembu le-epoxy elisebenzayo ku-resin ukuze kufezwe ukupholisa. I-hydrogen esebenzayo ingu-NH2, -NH-, -COOH, -OH kanye no-SH ku-ejenti yokupholisa noma i-accelerator. ku-hydrogen. Ama-curing agent asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-amine nama-anhydride e-acid. Amanye ama-curing agent adinga ama-accelerator/catalysts, amanye adinga izimo zokushisa eziphakeme, kanti amanye angasabela ngobudlova emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ama-curing agent ahlukene azophinde aholele ekuhlukeni okukhulu kwezakhiwo zemikhiqizo ephulukisiwe, ezinomthelela omkhulu ezimpahleni zokugcina zomkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuklama nokukhetha i-curing agent ohlelweni lokwakheka kwe-epoxy resin.

Ukufakwa kwe-epoxy kusetshenziselwa ama-transformer ohlobo olomile futhi kuyintuthuko entsha eminyakeni engama-40 edlule. Impilo yokuklama yekhoyili ye-transformer iyadingeka ukuze ifinyelele eminyakeni engama-30, kanti izinga lokumelana nokushisa kumele lifinyelele ebangeni lika-F. Kunzima ngezinto ezijwayelekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukuklama, ukwenza ngcono, ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezinhlelo zazo zokwakheka kanye nezinqubo ukuze kutholakale umphumela ofiselekayo. Ku-transformer yohlobo olomile olufakwe i-resin, uhlelo lwe-epoxy resin lwakhiwa ngokuphonsa noma ngokucwilisa, bese luqiniswa ngokushisa ukuze kwakhiwe i-coil insulation (okungukuthi, i-longitudinal insulation). Phakathi nokusebenza konke kwe-transformer yohlobo olomile, i-epoxy resin insulation kumele futhi iqinisekise i-electric insulation ye-coil kanye namandla omshini, futhi ichithe ukushisa ngaphakathi kwe-coil ngokuqhutshwa kwe-thermal.

Ubuthakathaka bayo obukhulu ukungalungiseki kanye nokungalungiseki kwamaphutha kanye nomonakalo wokufakwa kwe-resin (ngokuvamile amaphutha enkambisweni yokukhiqiza kanye nomonakalo enkambisweni yokusebenza). Ngakho-ke, ukugwema ukuqhekeka kokufakwa kwe-insulation okuqinile, ukugwema amaphutha okukhipha, kanye nokugwema ukukhishwa kwengxenye (okungukuthi, ukukhishwa kwengxenye) kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kuba yisihluthulelo sobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ukufakwa kwengxenye, futhi kuyizinto ezigxile ekuncintisaneni phakathi kwabakhiqizi.

Ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-transformer, i-resin insulation isebenza ekushiseni okuphezulu isikhathi eside (njenge-transformer ye-F-class, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliphakeme kakhulu eliklanywe ngokuvamile licishe libe ngu-140 ℃), futhi i-transformer ingaba semazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngaphambi kokuyiqalisa kanye nangesikhathi sokulungiswa. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (njenge--30 ℃), futhi i-transformer izoba ngaphansi kokushaqeka okukhulu kukagesi kokushaqeka okukhulu kwe-voltage noma i-short circuit nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ama-coil afakwe i-resin kufanele akwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko, futhi akwazi ukumelana noma ukumelana nokushaqeka kwe-electrodynamic kwe-short-circuit emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izidingo eziqinile kakhulu zibekwe ezimpahleni zokushisa, zemishini kanye neze-elekthronikhi zezinhlelo zokufaka i-epoxy.

Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zezinto zokuvikela umswakama zama-transformer e-resin cast, enye "iwukuphonswa kwe-resin okumsulwa + ukuqinisa ingilazi nge-fiber yezinga eliphezulu lokugcwalisa", kanti enye "iwukuphonswa kwe-resin quartz powder + ukuqinisa ingilazi ye-prepreg".

Uhlelo lokufaka izinto zokushisa (okungukuthi, isakhiwo sokufaka izinto zokushisa esivamile) luhlanganisa insimu ebanzi kunesistimu yezinto zokushisa. Lubhekisela ekufakweni kwezinto zokushisa kagesi (noma izingxenye zayo ezizimele) iyonke, okuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela izinto zokushisa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo, kodwa futhi nokufakwa kwezinto zokushisa kanye nabaqhubi. Noma ubudlelwano phakathi kwamagnethi, ubudlelwano nensimu kagesi, ubudlelwano phakathi kokufakwa kwezinto zokushisa kanye nendawo ezungezile (igesi noma uketshezi kanye nezimo zalo, ukungcola komhlaba, izimo zokushabalalisa ukushisa, amandla omshini noma imisebe, njll.), njll., kanye nokuzivumelanisa kwayo nemingcele yokusebenza yesistimu yamandla yokufakwa kwayo. Ukugeleza komoya kanye nokushabalalisa ukushisa ku-transformer yohlobo olomile, ukucindezeleka kokufakwa kwezinto zokushisa, njll., konke kungaphakathi kobubanzi besistimu yokushisa okufanele icatshangelwe.

4.3 Iphepha lokuvala umoya

Iphepha le-fibre yezitshalo lihlukaniswe nge-fibre yokhuni, i-fibre yekotini kanye ne-fibre ye-hemp, okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yiphepha le-fibre ye-pulp yokhuni lwe-sulfate. I-fir kanye ne-pine yaseKorea kanye nezinye izinkuni zakhiwe kakhulu nge-cellulose, okuyi-polymer compound yemvelo. Indlela yokukhiqiza yephepha lokuvikela isebenzisa indlela yamakhemikhali, njengendlela ye-sulfate. Kule ndlela, ingxenye eyinhloko yoketshezi lokupheka yi-sodium sulfide (Na2S). I-sodium sulfide i-hydrolyzed ukuze ikhiqize i-sodium hydrogen sulfide kanye ne-sodium hydroxide. I-cellulose iyasabela futhi iyincibilikise ku-lye. Uketshezi lokupheka luthambile, ngakho-ke isisindo sama-molecule se-cellulose sincipha kancane kakhulu. Amaphepha okuvikela i-cellulose yezitshalo asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-transformer yilawa: iphepha lekhebula lamandla, iphepha lekhebula elinamandla aphezulu kanye nephepha lokuvikela i-transformer elishintshashintshayo.

1) Iphepha lekhebula: Iphepha lekhebula lenziwe nge-kraft pulp, amazinga yi-DL08, DL12, DL17, ubukhulu buyi-0.08mm, 0.12mm kanye no-0.17mm, ngokulandelana, futhi linikezwa ngama-roll. Ngemva kokuba iphepha lekhebula lifakwe uwoyela we-transformer, amandla alo omshini kanye namandla kagesi azothuthukiswa kakhulu. Isibonelo, amandla kagesi ephepha lekhebula lamandla emoyeni angama-6~9×103kV/m, futhi ngemva kokomisa nokucwilisa uwoyela we-transformer, amandla kagesi afinyelela ku-70~90×103kV/m. Linokuqina okwanele kokushisa futhi livame ukusetshenziswa njengokufakwa komoya kanye nokufakwa komoya phakathi kwezingqimba. Iphepha lekhebula liphinde libe nephepha lekhebula elinama-voltage aphezulu, iphepha lekhebula elinama-voltage aphansi, iphepha lekhebula elinama-high density kanye nephepha le-crepe elifaka umswakama. Iphepha lekhebula elinama-voltage aphezulu lifanelekela ama-transformer nama-transformer angu-110-330kV, ane-tangent yokulahlekelwa yi-dielectric ephansi; Iphepha lekhebula elinomthamo ophansi lisetshenziselwa ukuvikela izintambo zikagesi nama-transformer noma eminye imikhiqizo kagesi engu-35kV nangaphansi; iphepha le-crepe elivikelayo lenziwe ngephepha elivikelayo likagesi. Lenziwe ngokucubungula imibimbi, futhi kukhona imibimbi eceleni kwendlela yalo evundlile, edonswa phakathi uma yelulwa. Livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukugoqa kwama-transformer acwiliswe uwoyela, njengokugoqa kokuvikela kwama-coil outlets, ama-lead kanye namadivayisi okuvikela kagesi; iphepha lekhebula elinomthamo ophezulu nalo liyavikela. Uhlobo lwephepha le-crepe, amandla kagesi aphezulu ngo-100% kuya ku-150% kunephepha le-crepe elijwayelekile, amandla omshini aphezulu ngo-50%, amandla kagesi aphezulu, ukumelana nowoyela kuhle, ukuqina kuhle, futhi kulula ukulilula. Lingasetshenziswa njenge-lead esikhundleni se-varnished tape. kanye nokuvikela ukuxhumana kwezintambo nama-bend.

2) Iphepha lefoni: Iphepha lefoni lenziwe nge-sulfate pulp, evame ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni zefoni. Linamandla amancane okusebenza futhi livame ukusetshenziswa njenge-turn insulation, i-layer insulation noma i-cover insulation yama-conductor.

3) Iphepha le-capacitor: Iphepha le-capacitor lihlukaniswe nge-Class A kanye ne-Class B ngokwezidingo zokusetshenziswa. Iphepha le-capacitor le-Class A lisetshenziselwa ama-capacitor e-dielectric ephepha elenziwe ngensimbi embonini ye-elekthronikhi. I-Class B isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-dielectric ye-interpole yama-capacitor anamandla. Iphepha le-capacitor libonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu kanye nobukhulu obuncane. Ngokuvamile, ama-transformer amanje avame ukusebenzisa iphepha le-capacitor, kanti ama-transformer awavamile ukusetshenziswa.

4) Iphepha lokuvikela elihlanganisiwe: Iphepha lokuvikela elihlanganisiwe lisetshenziswa njengephepha elisekelayo lephepha lokulinganisa, kanti iphepha lokulinganisa lisetshenziselwa ukugoqa isilinda sokuvikela (ithubhu) kanye nesiketi esinomthamo, esibonakala ngokuthi ukuphakama kokumuncwa kwamanzi kuphakeme kunephepha lekhebula futhi kuphansi kunePhepha lokufumba. Iphepha elihlanganisiwe lihlukaniswe ngeglue elinohlangothi olulodwa noma oluhlangothi olulodwa (i-phenolic noma i-epoxy resin), eliqiniswa ekushiseni okuphansi. Lapho iphepha elihlanganisiwe lisetshenziswa ukwenza ithubhu lephepha noma ukucindezela i-laminate, iglue ekugcineni liyaqiniswa uma lishiswa futhi licindezelwa. , Umqulu ngokuvamile uyitheyiphu enohlangothi olulodwa, kanti iteyiphu ecindezelwe iyitheyiphu enohlangothi olulodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nephepha elihlanganisiwe ledayimane (iphepha elihlanganisiwe le-mesh), elisetshenziselwa ukuvikela phakathi kwezingqimba zamakhoyili okujikisa i-foil acwiliswe ngamafutha. Ngemva kokupholisa, kuqinisekisa ukunamathelana phakathi kokuvikela naphakathi kokuvikela kanye ne-foil, kuthuthukisa Amandla kanye nokuvuleka kahle kwamafutha.

Iphepha lokuvikela elivamile le-transformer lisetshenziswa kakhulu ephepheni lekhebula, iphepha le-crepe kanye nephepha lokusabalalisa i-rhombus, elisetshenziswa kuma-transformer njengokuvikela okuphakathi kwama-turn, ukuvikela okuphakathi kwezingqimba, ukubopha i-lead, njll. Ngokuvamile, amanani ezinhlobo ezahlukene zephepha lokuvikela awafani. Lizoba likhulu kakhulu, cishe ama-yuan angu-20/kg.

4.4 Izinto zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe

Amafilimu amancane kagesi nezinto ezihlanganisiwe zikagesi zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-dielectric futhi ziyingxenye yezinto zokuvikela ishidi elincane. Amafilimu kagesi afaka ifilimu ye-polyester nefilimu ye-polyimide, engasetshenziswa futhi njengokuvikela izintambo kanye nokuvikela izikhala phakathi kwama-transformer. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe zikagesi ziwumkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe owenziwe ngohlangothi olulodwa noma izinhlangothi ezimbili zezinto ezihlanganisiwe zefayibha, ezingasetshenziswa njengokuvikela izikhala phakathi kwama-transformer, ikakhulukazi kuma-coil e-foil-wound aguqulwe okomile, kanti ama-coil ane-voltage ephansi avame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ngemva kokufakwa nge-resin, isetshenziswa njengokuvikela izikhala phakathi kwama-interlayer. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-DMD, GHG njalo njalo.

Igama eligcwele le-DMD yi-polyester film polyester fiber non-woven soft composite material, ehlukaniswe i-pre-impregnated resin DMD kanye ne-non-pre-impregnated DMD. D) I-composite ethambile eyenziwe ngezingqimba ezintathu. I-DMD inokushisa okuhle kakhulu kukagesi, ukumelana nokushisa kanye namandla omshini kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokufaka. I-Non-preg DMD ingasetshenziswa njengokushisa kwezingqimba zama-transformer acwiliswe ngamafutha, kanti i-prepreg DMD ingasetshenziswa njengokushisa kwezingqimba zama-coil e-foil wound ane-voltage ephansi kuma-transformer ohlobo lwe-Class F. Izinkomba zayo zokusebenza ezithile ziboniswe kuthebula elilandelayo:

Igama eligcwele le-GHG yi-polyimide film pre-impregnated H-grade resin glass fiber soft composite material. Iyinto ethambile enezingqimba ezintathu eyenziwe ngendwangu ye-glass fiber (G) enamatheliswe ezinhlangothini zombili zefilimu ye-polyimide (H). Uma iqhathaniswa ne-DMD, inokumelana nokushisa okungcono futhi ingasetshenziswa ekufakweni kwe-interlayer ye-low-voltage foil wound coils yama-transformer e-H-class insulation dry-type.

Igama eligcwele le-NHN yi-polyimide film polyaramid fiber paper soft composite material. I-NHN okwamanje iyinto yokuvikela ugesi esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, enokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, izakhiwo ezinhle ze-dielectric, ukumuncwa kwamanzi amancane kanye nokumelana nomswakama okuhle kakhulu. Ingokwezinto zokuvikela ugesi zekilasi H futhi ingasetshenziswa ekuvimbeleni ugesi phakathi kwezingqimba zama-transformer ohlobo lwe-H owomile. Amapharamitha ayo okusebenza aqondile aboniswe kuthebula elilandelayo:

4.5 Ikhadibhodi yokuvikela

Ibhodi lephepha lokufaka umswakama lenziwe ngephepha le-pulp lokhuni oluhlanzekile futhi lingasetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhlukanisa izikhala zamafutha, izindawo zokugcina izikhala zamafutha, abahlukanisi, amashubhu ekhadibhodi, iphepha elihlanganisiwe, ukufakelwa kwe-iron joke, ukufakelwa kwe-clip kanye namapuleti okucindezela okufaka umfutho wokuvala ama-pie windings njll., ubukhulu balo obuvamile bungu-1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 6mm, ikhadi lokufaka umswakama lihlukaniswe ngekhadibhodi elinobukhulu obuphansi, ikhadibhodi elinobukhulu obuphakathi kanye nekhadibhodi elinobukhulu obuphezulu ngokwe-density, iphepha elinobukhulu obuphansi livame ukubizwa ngokuthi ikhadibhodi elithambile le-T3, ubuningi buphakathi kuka-0.75g/cm3 no-0.9g/cm3, amandla aphansi, futhi livame ukusetshenziselwa ukugoba izingxenye noma ukwenza izingxenye zokwelula ngemva kokumanzisa, njengokwakha amasongo e-angle, izingxenye ze-annular kanye namashubhu ephepha elithambile. Ikhadibhodi elinobukhulu obuphansi linesilinganiso esiphakeme sokumuncwa kwamafutha, ukwakheka okuhle, kodwa izakhiwo ezimbi zemishini; Ikhadibhodi elinobukhulu obuphakathi livame ukubizwa ngokuthi ikhadibhodi le-T1, elinobukhulu obuphakathi kuka-0.95g/cm3 no-1.15g/cm3, elisetshenziswa njengephedi lokugcina, njll.; ikhadibhodi elinobukhulu obuphezulu Ikhadibhodi livame ukubizwa ngokuthi ikhadibhodi le-T4, elinobukhulu obuphakathi kuka-1.15g/cm3 kuya ku-1.3g/cm3, futhi lisetshenziswa njengethubhu lekhadibhodi elivikela ubushushu, ipuleti lokucindezela elivikela ubushushu kanye nendandatho yokugcina. Esakhiweni se-spacer sebhodi lamafutha esakhiwe ngamashubhu ephepha anezingqimba eziningi ze-coil ephezulu, ikhadibhodi elihlanganisiwe lingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-struts zekhadibhodi ukwakha izikhala zikawoyela, ezingagcina izinto ngokusekelwe ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kokushisa.

4.6 Ifilimu ye-polypropylene

Ifilimu ye-polypropylene yenziwe nge-polypropylene resin (PP) ekhishwe ibe yishidi elijiyile futhi yeluliwe ngendlela ethile. 0.92g/cm3. 2) Inezakhiwo ezinhle zikagesi kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali, i-dielectric coefficient ehlobene ingu-2 kuya ku-2.2, kanti ingcindezi yokuqhekeka ingaphezu kuka-150MV/m; 3) Inezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini, futhi amandla ayo okudonsa angaphezulu kuka-100MPa; 4) Ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ku-125 ℃ futhi ingeye-E-class insulation; 5) Ine-hydrophobicity kanye nekhono eliqinile lokulwa namanzi, futhi ingasetshenziswa ekufakweni kwentambo kwama-transformer acwiliswe uwoyela.

4.7 Other insulating materials

Transformer oil and insulating paper are the main insulating materials for oil-immersed transformer coils. Resin, insulating paper, and composite materials are the main insulating materials for dry-type transformer coils. In addition to these materials, the following insulating materials are also commonly used in transformers: (Laminated wood, laminate, insulating paint, insulating glue, cotton tape, compression tape, no weft tape, etc.

1) Laminate: Electrical laminate is a layered insulating material made of paper, cloth and wooden veneer as the substrate, dipped (or coated) with different adhesives, and hot pressed (or rolled). . According to the requirements of use, the laminated products can be made into products with excellent electrical and mechanical properties, heat resistance, oil resistance, mildew resistance, arc resistance and corona resistance. Laminate products mainly include laminates, laminated wood, laminated tubes, rods, capacitor sleeve cores and other special profiles. The properties of laminates depend on the nature of the substrate and adhesive and the process by which they are formed. According to different raw materials and adhesives, laminates are divided into insulating laminates (paperboard, used for oil change), phenolic laminated paperboard (commonly known as bakelite, paperboard impregnated with phenolic resin, used for oil change), phenolic laminated cloth board (cotton cloth impregnated with phenolic resin, commonly used for oil change), epoxy glass cloth board (glass fiber cloth with epoxy resin as adhesive, can be used for F grade dry change or oil change), modified diphenyl ether glass cloth board (Glass fiber cloth uses modified diphenyl ether resin as adhesive, which can be used for H-level dry change), bismaleimide glass cloth board (glass fiber cloth uses bismaleimide resin as adhesive, Can be used for H-level dry change). Laminates usually have good mechanical strength and insulation properties, and are often used as core clip insulation, external supports, etc. in transformers.

2) Insulation cylinder (tube): The insulation cylinder in the transformer is mainly used between the inner and outer coils, between the coil and the iron core, for the coil lining the skeleton, and the wire is directly wound on the insulation cylinder. At the same time, the insulation cylinder can also be used for the main Insulation, increase the number of oil gaps in the main insulation, and strengthen the insulation. According to the different materials, the insulating tube is generally divided into phenolic paper tube (commonly used for oil change), epoxy glass cloth tube (commonly used for oil change or F grade dry change), modified diphenyl ether glass cloth tube (commonly used for oil change) H-level dry change), glass fiber reinforced plastic cylinder (commonly used in H-level dry change), bismaleimide glass cloth cylinder (commonly used in H-level dry change), etc.

3) Laminated wood: The electrical laminated wood is made of high-quality hardwoods, such as birch, beech, etc. After being cooked twice at 70°C to 80°C, the lignin acid and grease of the wood itself are removed, and then cut into individual pieces of 1 to 3 mm. After drying, it is coated with resin adhesive. After pre-curing, it is repeatedly assembled and stacked. It has good insulating strength and mechanical strength. It can be used as spacer, angle ring, etc. in oil change. .

1) Binding tapes: Transformer binding tapes include cotton tapes, compression tapes, mesh semi-dry non-weft tapes, glass tapes, polyester tapes, etc., which are used for binding and tightening iron cores and coils.

5. Material structure and accessories

In the transformer, there are also structural materials and accessories. The structural materials mainly play the functions of transformer support, magnetic circuit, circuit reinforcement, transformer insulating liquid packaging, etc., including clips, oil tanks, radiators, oil conservators, etc. The main materials are For Q235 steel, non-magnetic steel is often used for the outlet bushing of the fuel tank cover to reduce eddy currents. In addition, non-magnetic steel or high-grade steel is sometimes used inside the transformer body.

Transformer accessories mainly have performance monitoring and protection functions. Dry transformers include thermostats, fans, transformers, etc., and oil transformers include gas relays, thermostats, pressure relief valves, tap switches, etc. Some accessories are required by customers. propose.

Source: Transformer Circle