Malunga neetransformers, kufuneka ube nolwazi olupheleleyo!

2. I-transformer iyitshintsha njani i-voltage?

Iitransformer zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwi-electromagnetic induction. Ziqulathe i-iron core ehlanganiswe nee-silicon steel sheets (okanye ii-silicon steel sheets) kunye neeseti ezimbini zee-coils ezijikelezwe kwi-iron core. I-iron core kunye nee-coils zigqunywe ngaphandle konxibelelwano lombane.

Ikhoyili edibanisa i-transformer kunye necala lombane ibizwa ngokuba yi-primary coil (okanye icala eliphambili), kwaye ikhoyili edibanisa i-transformer kunye nezixhobo zombane ibizwa ngokuba yi-secondary coil (okanye icala lesibini). Xa ikhoyili eyintloko ye-transformer iqhagamshelwe kumthombo wamandla we-AC, imigca yamandla emagnethi etshintshayo iyadalwa kumbindi wesinyithi.

Ekubeni i-coil yesibini ibotshelelwe kwi-iron core efanayo, umgca wamandla wemagnethi usika i-coil yesibini, kwaye kufuneka kuveliswe amandla e-electromotive abangelwayo kwi-coil yesibini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuvele i-voltage kuzo zombini iziphelo ze-coil. Ngenxa yokuba imigca ye-magnetic field iyatshintshana, i-voltage ye-coil yesibini nayo iyatshintshana. Kwaye i-frequency ifana ncamashi ne-mains frequency.

Kuqinisekiswe yithiyori ukuba umlinganiselo wevolthi phakathi kwekhoyili eyintloko kunye nekhoyili yesibini yetransformer unxulumene nomlinganiselo wokujika kwekhoyili eyintloko kunye nekhoyili yesibini, enokubonakaliswa ngale fomyula ilandelayo: ivolthi yekhoyili eyintloko/umbane wekhoyili yesibini = ukujika kwekhoyili eyintloko/ukujika kwekhoyili yesibini. Cacisa ukuba okukhona ukujika okuninzi, kokukhona ivolthi iphezulu. Ke ngoko, kunokubonwa ukuba ikhoyili yesibini ingaphantsi kwekhoyili eyintloko, eyitransformer esezantsi. Okwahlukileyo yitransformer enyukayo.

3. Ziziphi iintlobo zoyilo lwe-transformer ezikhoyo?

(1) Ngokwenani lezigaba, kukho ii-transformer zesigaba esinye kunye nesigaba sesithathu.

(2) Ngokwenjongo, kukho ii-transformer zamandla, ii-transformer zamandla ezikhethekileyo, ii-transformer ezilawula i-voltage, ii-transformer zokulinganisa (ii-transformer ze-voltage, ii-transformer zamandla angoku), ii-transformer zamandla amancinci (zezixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla aphantsi), kunye nee-transformer zokhuseleko.

(3) Ngokwesakhiwo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo oluphambili kunye nohlobo lweqokobhe. Iikhoyili zine-double-winding kunye ne-multi-winding, ii-autotransformers.

(4) Ngokwendlela yokupholisa, kukho ezifakwe kwi-oyile nezipholiswe ngumoya.

4. Zithini izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-transformer?

Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-transformer zenziwe ikakhulu zii-iron cores kunye nee-coils, ukongeza kwiitanki zeoyile, imiqamelo yeoyile, imikhono yokukhusela kunye neentloko ze-tap.

5. Iyintoni intsingiselo yeoyile yetransformer?

(1) Isiphumo sokukhusela ubushushu;

(2) ukusasazwa kobushushu;

(3) Susa isiphumo se-arc.

6. Yintoni i-autotransformer?

I-autotransformer ineseti enye yeekhoyili, kwaye ikhoyili yesibini itsalwa kwikhoyili yokuqala. Ukongeza ekudlulisweni kwe-electromagnetic induction, ikhoyili yesibini ikwathumela umbane. Le transformer inamaphepha esinyithi e-silicon kunye neengcingo zobhedu ezininzi kunee-transformers eziqhelekileyo. Zincinci, zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-voltage.

7. Ilungiswa njani i-voltage regulator?

Ulwakhiwo lomlawuli wevolthi lufana nolwe-autotransformer, kodwa umongo wesinyithi wenziwa ube yi-toroidal coil kwaye ujikelezwe umongo wesinyithi we-toroidal.

Itephu yekhoyili yesibini isebenzisa ibhrashi etyibilikayo ukwenza i-contact slide ngokuzenzekelayo kumphezulu wekhoyili ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo lwe-voltage olugudileyo.

8. Luthini ulwalamano olukhoyo ngoku phakathi kwekhoyili eyintloko kunye nekhoyili yesibini yetransformer?

Xa i-transformer isebenza ngomthwalo, utshintsho lwe-secondary coil current luya kubangela utshintsho oluhambelanayo lwe-primary coil current. Ngokomgaqo we-magnetic potential balance, i-current yee-primary coils kunye ne-secondary coils ilingana ngokuphambeneyo nenani lee-coil turns. Icala elinokujikeleza okuninzi linomsinga omncinci, kwaye icala elinokujikeleza okumbalwa linomsinga omkhulu.

Ingabonakaliswa ngale fomyula ilandelayo: i-primary coil current/secondary coil current = i-secondary coil turns/i-primary coil turns.

9. Ingakanani isantya sotshintsho lwe-voltage ye-transformer?

Izinga lotshintsho lwevolthi lomlawuli wevolthi yenye yezona zibonakaliso ziphambili zokusebenza kwetransformer. Xa itransformer inika amandla kumthwalo, ivolthi ekupheleni komthwalo wetransformer iya kwehla ngokuqinisekileyo. Thelekisa ixabiso levolthi elihlileyo nexabiso levolthi elilinganisiweyo, kwaye uthathe ipesenti, oko kukuthi, izinga lotshintsho lwevolthi.

Ingabonakaliswa ngale ndlela: izinga lotshintsho lwevolthi=[(ivolthi yesibini yomthamo wevolthi-umthwalo)/ivolthi yesibini yomlinganiselo]×100%. Xa i-transformer yamandla eqhelekileyo iqhagamshelwe kumthwalo olinganiselweyo, izinga lotshintsho lwevolthi liyi-4 ukuya kwi-6%.

10. Uqinisekisa njani ukuba i-transformer ine-voltage output elinganisiweyo?

I-voltage ephezulu kakhulu okanye ephantsi kakhulu iya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nobomi benkonzo ye-transformer, ngoko ke i-voltage kufuneka ilungiswe.

Indlela yokulawula i-voltage kukukhupha iimpompo ezininzi kwi-coil yokuqala uze uziqhagamshele kwi-tap head. I-tap head itshintsha inani lokujika kwe-coil ngokujikeleza oonxibelelwano. Ukuba nje indawo ye-tap changer ijikiwe, ixabiso le-voltage elifunekayo lingafunyanwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ulawulo lwe-voltage ludla ngokwenziwa emva kokunqumla umthwalo oqhagamshelwe kwi-transformer.

11. Zeziphi iitransformer ezincinci ezisetyenziswa rhoqo? Zisetyenziswa phi?

Iitransformer ezincinci zibhekisa kwiitransformer zesigaba esinye ezinomthamo ongaphantsi kwe-1 kVA, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengeetransformer zamandla zokulawula izixhobo zombane, iitransformer zamandla zezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neetransformer zamandla zokukhanyisa ngokhuseleko.

12. Zithini iilahleko zetransformer ngexesha lokusebenza? Ungazinciphisa njani iilahleko?

Ilahleko ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer ibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini:

(1) ibangelwa yintsimbi engundoqo. Xa ikhoyili inikwe amandla, ngenxa yemigca yemagnethi etshintshanayo, kubakho ukulahleka kwe-eddy current kunye ne-hysteresis kwintsimbi engundoqo, ezibizwa ngokuba kukulahlekelwa yintsimbi.

(2) Ibangelwa kukuxhathisa kwekhoyili ngokwayo. Xa kukho umbane odlula kwikhoyili yokuqala kunye nekhoyili yesibini yetransformer, kuya kwenzeka ukulahleka kwamandla, kwaye oku kulahleka kubizwa ngokuba yilahleko yekopolo.

Isimbuku sokulahleka kwentsimbi kunye nokulahleka kobhedu kukulahlekelwa yitransformer, kwaye ezi lahleko zinxulumene nomthamo wetransformer, i-voltage kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha itransformer, umthamo wezixhobo kufuneka uhambelane nokusetyenziswa kwenyani kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kwaye uqaphele ukuba ungayisebenzisi itransformer phantsi komthwalo omncinci.

13. Yintoni ipleyiti yegama letransformer? Ziziphi iinkcukacha zobugcisa eziphambili kwipleyiti yegama?

Ipleyiti yegama le-transformer ibonisa ukusebenza, iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye neziganeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-transformer, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuhlangabezana nokukhetha komsebenzisi. Ngokwesiqhelo, idatha yobugcisa ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yile:

(1) Umthamo we-KVA olinganisiweyo. Oko kukuthi, umthamo wokuphuma we-transformer ukwimeko elinganisiweyo. Njengomthamo we-transformer yesigaba esinye = U line × I line; umthamo we-transformer yesigaba esithathu = U line × I line.

(2) I-voltage elinganisiweyo kwii-volts. I-voltage yesiphelo sekhoyili yokuqala kunye ne-voltage yesiphelo sekhoyili yesibini (xa ingaqhagamshelwanga kumthwalo) ziphawulwe ngokulandelelanayo. Qaphela ukuba i-voltage yesiphelo se-transformer yesigaba sesithathu ibhekisa kwixabiso lomgca we-voltage ye-U.

(3) I-amperage yangoku elinganisiweyo. Ibhekisa kwixabiso lomgca we-1 wangoku ovumelekileyo ukuba udlule kwi-coil yokuqala kunye ne-coil yesibini ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko zomthamo olinganisiweyo kunye nokunyuka kobushushu okuvumelekileyo.

(4) Umlinganiselo weVolthi. Ubhekisa kumlinganiselo wevolthi elinganisiweyo yekhoyili eyintloko kwivolthi elinganisiweyo yekhoyili yesibini.

(5) Indlela yokuxhuma iingcingo. Iitransformer zesigaba esinye zineseti enye kuphela yeekhoyili zevolthi ephezulu nephantsi, ezifumaneka kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwesigaba esinye, ngelixa iitransformer zesigaba sesithathu zinohlobo lwe-Y/△. Ukongeza kwidatha yobugcisa engentla, kukho imvamisa elinganisiweyo yetransformer, inani lezigaba, ukunyuka kobushushu, ipesenti ye-impedance yetransformer, njl.njl.

14. Ungayikhetha njani i-transformer? Ungawubona njani umthamo ofanelekileyo we-transformer?

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuphanda i-voltage yombane yendawo apho umbane usetyenziswa khona, umthwalo wombane womsebenzisi kunye neemeko zendawo, uze ukhethe nganye nganye ngokwedatha yobugcisa eboniswe kwi-nameplate ye-transformer. Ngokubanzi, umthamo, i-voltage, iimeko zangoku kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ze-transformer kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Phakathi kwazo, umthamo kufuneka ukhethwe. Umthamo we-transformer kufuneka ukhethwe ngokwemandla, uhlobo kunye nexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane zomsebenzisi ukumisela umthwalo ofunekayo.

Ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, umthwalo wamandla we-transformer kufuneka ube malunga ne-75-90% yomthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer. Ngexesha lokusebenza, ukuba kulinganiswa ukuba umthwalo wokwenyani we-transformer ungaphantsi kwe-50%, i-transformer enomthamo omncinci kufuneka itshintshwe. Ukuba umthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer mkhulu kunomthamo olinganisiweyo we-transformer, i-transformer enkulu kufuneka itshintshwe ngoko nangoko.

Kwangaxeshanye, xa ukhetha i-transformer, ixabiso le-voltage ye-coil ephambili ye-transformer limiselwa ngokwendlela yombane esetyenziswa ngayo, kwaye ixabiso le-voltage ye-coil yesibini likhethwa ngokwezixhobo zombane. Kungcono ukhethe umbane we-voltage ophantsi we-three-phase four-wire. Oku kunokubonelela ngamandla ombane kunye nokukhanya ngaxeshanye.

Ukukhetha umbane, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthwalo unokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemoto xa imoto iqala (kuba umbane wokuqala wemoto mkhulu ngokuphindwe ka-4 ukuya ku-7 kunowomsebenzi wokutshona).

15. Kutheni i-transformer ingenakuthwalwa kakhulu?

Ukusebenza komthwalo omninzi kubhekisa ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer edlula ixabiso langoku elichazwe kwi-nameplate.

Umthwalo ogqithisileyo wahlulwe waba kukugqithisa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokugqithisa ngengozi. Okokuqala kubhekisa ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngumsebenzisi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zombane. Kudla ngokunyusa ubushushu be-transformer, kukhuthaza ukuguga kwe-insulation ye-transformer, kwaye kunciphisa ubomi benkonzo. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kokugqithisa kwe-Transformer akuvumelekanga.

Phantsi kweemeko ezikhethekileyo, ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwe-transformer ngexesha elifutshane akufuneki kudlule i-30% yomthwalo olinganisiweyo (ebusika), kwaye akufanele kudlule i-15% ehlotyeni.

16. Zeziphi iintlobo zovavanyo ekufuneka zenziwe yitransformer ngexesha lokusebenza?

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-transformer, kufuneka kwenziwe olu vavanyo lulandelayo rhoqo:

(1) Uvavanyo lobushushu. Nokuba imeko yokusebenza kwe-transformer iqhelekile okanye akunjalo, ubushushu bubaluleke kakhulu. Imigaqo ichaza ukuba ubushushu beoyile obuphezulu abufanele budlule kwi-85C (oko kukuthi, ukunyuka kobushushu yi-55C). Ngokubanzi, ii-transformer zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokulinganisa ubushushu.

(2) Ukulinganiswa komthwalo. Ukuze kuphuculwe izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-transformer nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ombane, ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer, kufuneka kuchongwe amandla ombane anokuthwalwa yi-transformer. Umsebenzi wokulinganisa uhlala wenziwa ngexesha eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kombane kwixesha ngalinye lonyaka, kwaye i-ammeter yohlobo lwe-clamp isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo. Ixabiso langoku kufuneka libe yi-70% ukuya kwi-80% yamandla alinganisiweyo e-transformer. Xa idlula, kuthetha ukugqithisa kwaye kufuneka kulungiswe ngoko nangoko.

(3) Ukulinganiswa kweVolthi. Imigaqo ifuna ukuba uluhlu lokuguquguquka kwevolthi lube ngaphakathi kwe-±5% yevolthi elinganisiweyo. Ukuba olu luhlu lugqithile, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iimpompo ukulungisa ukuze kungeniswe ivolthi ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo. Ngokubanzi, i-voltmeter isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ivolthi yesiphelo sekhoyili yesibini kunye nevolthi yesiphelo somsebenzisi wokugqibela ngokwahlukeneyo.

(4) Ukulinganisa ukumelana nokufakwa kwezinto ezishushu. Ukuze i-transformer ihlale isebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kufuneka kulinganiswe ukumelana nokufakwa kwezinto ezishushu ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguga kunye neengozi zokufakwa kwezinto ezishushu. Xa ulinganisa, zama ukumisa ukusebenza kwe-transformer, kwaye usebenzise i-shaker ukulinganisa ixabiso lokumelana nokufakwa kwezinto ezishushu le-transformer. Kufuneka ukuba ukumelana okulinganiselweyo kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-70% yexabiso elilinganiswe ngaphambili. Xa i-shaker ikhethiwe, i-coil ene-voltage ephantsi ingasebenzisa inqanaba le-voltage ye-500 volts.