Mayelana nama-transformer, kufanele ube nolwazi oluphelele!

2. I-transformer iyiguqula kanjani i-voltage?

Ama-transformer enziwa ngokusekelwe ekufakweni kwe-electromagnetic. Akhiwe ngomgogodla wensimbi ohlanganiswe namashidi ensimbi ye-silicon (noma amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon) kanye namasethi amabili ama-coil aboshwe nxazonke zomgogodla wensimbi. Umgogodla wensimbi nama-coil kuvikelwe komunye nomunye ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kukagesi.

Ikhoyili exhumanisa i-transformer kanye nohlangothi lokunikezwa kwamandla ibizwa ngokuthi ikhoyili eyinhloko (noma uhlangothi oluyinhloko), kanti ikhoyili exhumanisa i-transformer kanye nemishini kagesi ibizwa ngokuthi ikhoyili yesibili (noma uhlangothi lwesibili). Lapho ikhoyili eyinhloko ye-transformer ixhunywe emthonjeni wamandla we-AC, imigqa yamandla kazibuthe eshintshayo iyadalwa enkabeni yensimbi.

Njengoba i-coil yesibili iboshwe enkabeni yensimbi efanayo, umugqa wamandla kazibuthe usika i-coil yesibili, futhi amandla e-electromotive abangelwayo kumele akhiqizwe ku-coil yesibili, okubangela ukuba kuvele i-voltage kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-coil. Ngenxa yokuthi imigqa yamandla kazibuthe iyashintshana, i-voltage ye-coil yesibili nayo iyashintshana. Futhi i-frequency ifana ncamashi ne-mains frequency.

Kuqinisekiswe yinkolelo-mbono ukuthi isilinganiso samandla kagesi phakathi kwekhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili ye-transformer sihlobene nesilinganiso sokujika kwekhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili, engavezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: i-primary coil voltage/secondary coil voltage = primary coil turns/secondary coil turns. Chaza ukuthi uma kujika kakhulu, i-voltage iba phezulu. Ngakho-ke, kungabonakala ukuthi i-secondary coil ingaphansi kwe-primary coil, okuyi-step-down transformer. Okuphambene nalokho yi-step-up transformer.

3. Yiziphi izinhlobo zemiklamo ye-transformer ezikhona?

(1) Ngokwenani lezigaba, kuneziguquli zesigaba esisodwa kanye nezigaba ezintathu.

(2) Ngokwenhloso, kukhona ama-transformer kagesi, ama-transformer kagesi akhethekile, ama-transformer alawula i-voltage, ama-transformer okulinganisa (ama-transformer e-voltage, ama-transformer amanje), ama-transformer amancane (emishini enamandla aphansi), kanye nama-transformer okuphepha.

(3) Ngokwesakhiwo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo oluyinhloko kanye nohlobo lwegobolondo. Amakhoyili anama-autotransformer ajikelezayo kabili kanye nangama-multi-winding.

(4) Ngokwendlela yokupholisa, kukhona okucwiliswe ngamafutha kanye nokupholiswa umoya.

4. Yiziphi izingxenye ze-transformer?

Izingxenye ze-transformer zakhiwe kakhulu ngama-cores ensimbi nama-coil, ngaphezu kwamathangi kawoyela, imicamelo kawoyela, imikhono yokuvikela kanye namakhanda ompompi.

5. Iyini ukusetshenziswa kwe-transformer oil?

(1) Umphumela wokushisa;

(2) ukushabalaliswa kokushisa;

(3) Susa umphumela we-arc.

6. Kuyini i-autotransformer?

I-autotransformer inesethi eyodwa kuphela yama-coil, kanti i-coil yesibili ithinta kusuka ku-coil eyinhloko. Ngaphezu kokudluliselwa kokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, i-coil yesibili idlulisela nogesi. Le transformer inamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon amaningi kanye nezintambo zethusi kune-transformers ezivamile. Kuncane, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukulungisa i-voltage.

7. Ilungiswa kanjani isilawuli se-voltage?

Isakhiwo somlawuli we-voltage sifana nese-autotransformer, kodwa umongo wensimbi wenziwa ikhoyili ye-toroidal futhi ugoqwe uzungeze umongo wensimbi ye-toroidal.

Impompi yekhoyili yesibili isebenzisa ukuthintana kwebhulashi okushelelayo ukwenza ukuthintana kushelele ngokuzenzakalela ebusweni bekhoyili ukuze kufezwe ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi okubushelelezi.

8. Buyini ubudlelwano bamanje phakathi kwekhoyili eyinhloko nekhoyili yesibili ye-transformer?

Uma i-transformer isebenza ngomthwalo, ushintsho lwamanje wekhoyili yesibili luzobangela ushintsho oluhambisanayo lwamanje wekhoyili yokuqala. Ngokomgomo webhalansi yamandla kazibuthe, ugesi wamakhoyili okuqala nawesibili ulingana ngokuphambene nenani lamajika ekhoyili. Uhlangothi oluneziphendulo eziningi lunogesi omncane, kanti uhlangothi oluneziphendulo ezimbalwa lunogesi omkhulu.

Kungabonakaliswa ngale ndlela elandelayo: i-primary coil current/secondary coil current = secondary coil turns/primary coil turns.

9. Lingakanani izinga lokushintsha kwe-voltage ye-transformer?

Izinga lokushintsha kwe-voltage lomlawuli we-voltage lingenye yezinkomba zokusebenza eziyinhloko ze-transformer. Lapho i-transformer inikeza amandla kumthwalo, i-voltage ekugcineni komthwalo we-transformer izokwehla ngokungenakugwenywa. Qhathanisa inani le-voltage eliwehlile nenani le-voltage elilinganisiwe, bese uthatha iphesenti, okungukuthi, izinga lokushintsha kwe-voltage.

Kungabonakaliswa ngefomula: izinga lokushintsha kwe-voltage=[(i-voltage ye-voltage-load terminal rated secondary)/i-voltage rated secondary]×100%. Uma i-transformer yamandla evamile ixhunywe kumthwalo olinganiselwe, izinga lokushintsha kwe-voltage lingu-4 kuya ku-6%.

10. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi i-transformer inomthamo we-voltage olinganiselwe?

I-voltage ephezulu kakhulu noma ephansi kakhulu izothinta ukusebenza okuvamile kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo ye-transformer, ngakho-ke i-voltage kumele ilungiswe.

Indlela yokulawula i-voltage ukukhipha ama-tap amaningana kukhoyili eyinhloko bese uwaxhuma ekhanda le-tap. Ikhanda le-tap lishintsha inani lokujika kwe-coil ngokujikeleza oxhumana nabo. Uma nje isikhundla se-tap changer siphendulwa, inani le-voltage elilinganiselwe elidingekayo lingatholakala. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ngokuvamile kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokunqamula umthwalo oxhunywe ku-transformer.

11. Yiziphi iziguquli ezincane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu? Zisetshenziswa kuphi?

Ama-transformer amancane abhekisela kuma-transformer esigaba esisodwa anamandla angaphansi kwe-1 kVA, asetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-transformer kagesi okulawula imishini kagesi, ama-transformer kagesi emishini kagesi kanye nama-transformer kagesi okukhanyisa okuphephile.

12. Yiziphi izinto ezilahlekayo ze-transformer ngesikhathi sokusebenza? Unganciphisa kanjani ukulahlekelwa?

Ukulahlekelwa ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili:

(1) kubangelwa yi-iron core. Uma i-coil inikwa amandla, ngenxa yemigqa yensimu yamagnetic eshintshanayo, kubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwe-eddy current kanye ne-hysteresis ku-iron core, okubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwe-iron.

(2) Kubangelwa ukumelana kwekhoyili ngokwayo. Uma kukhona ugesi odlula kukhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili ye-transformer, kuzolahleka amandla, futhi lokhu kulahlekelwa kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa yithusi.

Isamba sokulahlekelwa yinsimbi kanye nokulahlekelwa kwethusi ukulahlekelwa yi-transformer, futhi lokhu kulahlekelwa kuhlobene nomthamo we-transformer, i-voltage kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha i-transformer, umthamo wemishini kufanele uhambisane nokusetshenziswa kwangempela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini, futhi uqaphele ukuthi ungayisebenzisi i-transformer ngaphansi komthwalo omncane.

13. Iyini i-nameplate ye-transformer? Yimiphi imininingwane yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko e-nameplate?

Ipuleti legama le-transformer libonisa ukusebenza, imininingwane yobuchwepheshe kanye nezikhathi zokusetshenziswa kwe-transformer, futhi lisetshenziselwa ukuhlangabezana nokukhetha komsebenzisi. Ngokuvamile, idatha yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko okufanele inakwe yile:

(1) I-KVA yomthamo olinganisiwe. Okusho ukuthi, umthamo wokukhipha we-transformer esimweni esilinganisiwe. Njengomthamo olinganisiwe we-transformer yesigaba esisodwa = umugqa we-U × umugqa we-I; umthamo we-transformer wesigaba ezintathu = umugqa we-U × umugqa we-I.

(2) I-voltage elinganisiwe ngama-volt. I-voltage yokugcina yekhoyili eyinhloko kanye ne-voltage yokugcina yekhoyili yesibili (uma ingaxhunywanga emthwalweni) imakwe ngokulandelana. Qaphela ukuthi i-voltage yokugcina ye-transformer yesigaba sesithathu ibhekisela ku-voltage yomugqa we-U.

(3) Isilinganiso samandla kagesi esilinganiselwe. Kubhekisela enanini lomugqa wamandla kagesi I elivunyelwe ukudlula kukhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo zomthamo olinganiselwe kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okuvunyelwe.

(4) Isilinganiso se-voltage. Sibhekisela kwisilinganiso se-voltage elinganisiwe ye-primary coil ne-voltage elinganisiwe ye-secondary coil.

(5) Indlela yokuxhuma izintambo. Ama-transformer esigaba esisodwa anesethi eyodwa kuphela yama-coil aphezulu naphansi kagesi, atholakala kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwesigaba esisodwa, kuyilapho ama-transformer esigaba sesithathu enohlobo lwe-Y/△. Ngaphezu kwedatha yobuchwepheshe engenhla, kukhona imvamisa elinganisiwe ye-transformer, inani lezigaba, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, iphesenti le-impedance ye-transformer, njll.

14. Ungayikhetha kanjani i-transformer? Unganquma kanjani amandla afanele e-transformer?

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuhlola i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla yendawo lapho kusetshenziswa khona ugesi, umthwalo wangempela kagesi womsebenzisi kanye nezimo zendawo, bese ukhetha ngayinye ngokwemininingwane yobuchwepheshe eboniswe ku-nameplate ye-transformer. Ngokuvamile, umthamo, i-voltage, izimo zamanje nezendawo ze-transformer kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwazo, umthamo kufanele ukhethwe. Umthamo we-transformer kufanele ukhethwe ngokwekhono, uhlobo kanye nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemishini kagesi yomsebenzisi ukuze kunqunywe umthwalo odingekayo.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, umthwalo wamandla we-transformer kufanele ube cishe ngu-75-90% womthamo olinganisiwe we-transformer. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uma kulinganiswa ukuthi umthwalo wangempela we-transformer ungaphansi kuka-50%, i-transformer encane kufanele ishintshwe. Uma umthamo olinganisiwe we-transformer mkhulu kunomthamo olinganisiwe we-transformer, i-transformer enkulu kufanele ishintshwe ngokushesha.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho ukhetha i-transformer, inani le-voltage yekhoyili eyinhloko ye-transformer linqunywa ngokuya ngokunikezwa kwamandla komugqa, futhi inani le-voltage yekhoyili yesibili likhethwa ngokuya ngemishini kagesi. Kungcono ukukhetha ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi wezintambo ezine ezinezigaba ezintathu ezine-voltage ephansi. Lokhu kunganikeza amandla kagesi kanye namandla okukhanyisa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukuze kukhethwe ugesi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthwalo ungahlangabezana nezidingo zemoto lapho imoto iqala (ngoba ugesi wokuqala wemoto mkhulu ngokuphindwe ka-4 kuya ku-7 kunowokusebenza kokucwila).

15. Kungani i-transformer ingenakulayishwa ngokweqile?

Ukusebenza kokulayisha ngokweqile kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer okudlula inani lamanje elichazwe ku-nameplate.

Ukulayisha ngokweqile kuhlukaniswe ngokunqwabelana okuvamile kanye nokunqwabelana ngengozi. Okokuqala kubhekisela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla komsebenzisi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuphakelwa kwamandla. Ngokuvamile kwandisa izinga lokushisa le-transformer, kukhuthaza ukuguga kwe-transformer insulation, futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sesevisi. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-transformer ngokweqile akuvunyelwe.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, ukusebenza ngokweqile kwe-transformer ngesikhathi esifushane akufanele kudlule u-30% womthwalo olinganisiwe (ebusika), futhi akufanele kudlule u-15% ehlobo.

16. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlola okufanele zenziwe yi-transformer ngesikhathi sokusebenza?

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-transformer, kufanele kwenziwe izivivinyo ezilandelayo njalo:

(1) Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sokusebenza se-transformer sijwayelekile noma cha, izinga lokushisa libaluleke kakhulu. Imithethonqubo ibeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela akufanele lidlule ku-85C (okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa lingama-55C). Ngokuvamile, ama-transformer afakwe amadivayisi akhethekile okulinganisa izinga lokushisa.

(2) Ukulinganisa umthwalo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-transformer futhi kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla kagesi, ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer, kufanele kunqunywe umthamo wokunikezwa kwamandla i-transformer engawuthwala ngempela. Umsebenzi wokulinganisa uvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinkathi, futhi i-ammeter yohlobo lwe-clamp isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ngqo. Inani lamanje kufanele libe ngu-70% kuya ku-80% wamandla kagesi alinganisiwe e-transformer. Uma lidlula, kusho ukulayisha ngokweqile futhi kufanele kulungiswe ngokushesha.

(3) Ukulinganiswa kwe-Voltage. Imithethonqubo idinga ukuthi ububanzi bokuhlukahluka kwe-voltage bube ngaphakathi kuka-±5% we-voltage elinganisiwe. Uma lobu bubanzi budluliwe, amathephu kufanele asetshenziswe ukulungisa ukuze kufakwe i-voltage ngaphakathi kobubanzi obubekiwe. Ngokuvamile, i-voltmeter isetshenziselwa ukukala i-voltage yokugcina yekhoyili yesibili kanye ne-voltage yokugcina yomsebenzisi wokugcina ngokulandelana.

(4) Ukulinganiswa kokumelana nokushisa. Ukuze kugcinwe i-transformer isesimweni sokusebenza esijwayelekile, ukulinganiswa kokumelana nokushisa kumele kwenziwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguga nokulimala kokushisa. Uma ulinganisa, zama ukumisa ukusebenza kwe-transformer, bese usebenzisa i-shaker ukukala inani lokumelana nokushisa lomshini we-transformer. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukumelana okulinganisiwe kungabi ngaphansi kuka-70% wenani elilinganisiwe ngaphambilini. Uma i-shaker ikhethiwe, ikhoyili ye-voltage ephansi ingasebenzisa izinga le-voltage elingu-500 volts.