Ubuchwepheshe be-laser bushintshe indlela esibhekana ngayo nezimboni ezahlukene, kusukela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kuya ekukhiqizeni. Imishini ye-laser isibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekusikeni, ekuqopheni, ekushiseleni, nokuningi. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, manje sekunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini ye-laser ezitholakala emakethe, ngayinye eyenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile nezidingo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini ye-laser, amakhono ayo, kanye nezimboni ezizuza ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.
Imishini ye-laser ye-CO2 ingenye yezinhlobo zemishini ye-laser ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini. Isebenza ngokukhiqiza umsebe we-laser onamandla amakhulu isebenzisa i-carbon dioxide njengendlela esebenzayo. Le mishini isetshenziswa kabanzi ekusikeni, ekuqopheni nasekuphawuleni izinto ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukhuni, i-acrylic, ipulasitiki, nokuningi. Imishini ye-laser ye-CO2 yaziwa ngokunemba kwayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo, okwenza ibe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwamabhizinisi amaningi.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemishini ye-laser ye-CO2 yikhono layo lokusika izinto ezijiyile kalula. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kwezimboni ezifana nezimpawu, umsebenzi wokhuni, kanye nokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ye-laser ye-CO2 ishibhile uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemishini ye-laser, okwenza ifinyeleleke emabhizinisini ahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-laser e-CO2 awafanele ukusika noma ukumaka izinsimbi ezithile, okungaba umkhawulo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Imishini ye-fiber laser ithole ukuthandwa eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle kakhulu kanye nezidingo zayo zokunakekelwa eziphansi. Le mishini isebenzisa imicu ye-optical njengendlela esebenzayo yokukhiqiza umsebe we-laser onamandla. Ama-fiber laser afaneleka kakhulu ukusika nokumaka izinsimbi, okuhlanganisa insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, nethusi. Ayaziwa ngokunemba kwawo okumangalisayo kanye nesivinini, okwenza abe yimpahla ebalulekile ezimbonini ezidinga ukusika insimbi okuyinkimbinkimbi, njengezimoto kanye nezindiza.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemishini ye-fiber laser yikhono layo lokukhiqiza ukusika kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngezindawo ezincane ezithinteke kakhulu ekushiseni. Lokhu kuphumela emaphethelweni ahlanzekile, angenawo ama-burr, okwenza ama-fiber laser abe ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqeda okuphezulu kobuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ye-fiber laser isebenzisa amandla amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-laser, okufaka isandla ekongeni izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, njengoba imishini ye-fiber laser ivame ukubiza kakhulu kune-CO2 lasers.
Imishini ye-laser ye-diode isebenza kusetshenziswa ama-diode e-semiconductor njengendlela esebenzayo yokukhiqiza umsebe we-laser. Le mishini ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nokuqopha, ukuqopha, kanye nokumaka ubuso ezintweni ezifana nepulasitiki, ingilazi, kanye ne-ceramics. Ama-laser e-diode aziwa ngobukhulu bawo obuncane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, kanye nokulula kokuhlanganiswa, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwamabhizinisi amancane kanye nabantu abathanda izinto zokuzijabulisa.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemishini ye-diode laser ukuthi iyathengeka futhi idinga ukulungiswa okuphansi. Ngokuvamile ingabizi kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa nokuyinakekela uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemishini ye-laser, okwenza ibe yindlela ekhangayo kumabhizinisi anesabelomali esilinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-diode laser anikeza ukulawula okunembile kokukhishwa kwe-laser, okuvumela ukuqoshwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuningiliziwe ezintweni ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-diode laser angase abe nemikhawulo maqondana nokujiya kokusika kanye nesivinini uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-laser.
Ama-laser e-pulse amafushane kakhulu, aziwa nangokuthi ama-laser e-femtosecond, awuhlobo olukhethekile lomshini we-laser okhiqiza ama-pulse amafushane kakhulu futhi anamandla kakhulu okukhanya kwe-laser. Le mishini iyakwazi ukuletha ukucubungula izinto okunembile, okungekhona ukushisa, okwenza ifanelekele ukwenza i-micromachining, ukwakheka kwendawo, kanye nezicelo zezokwelapha. Ama-laser e-pulse amafushane kakhulu asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-semiconductor, ye-elekthronikhi, neyezokwelapha, lapho isidingo sokucubungula okunembe kakhulu, okunesilinganiso esincane sibalulekile.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zama-laser e-pulse amafushane kakhulu yikhono lawo lokufinyelela ukufakwa okuncane kokushisa ngesikhathi sokucubungula izinto, okuholela ekulimaleni okuncane kokushisa kanye nokuqedwa kobuso obusezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kubenza babe ithuluzi eliwusizo lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukunemba nokunemba ezingeni le-micro-scale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-laser e-pulse amafushane kakhulu anikeza ububanzi obukhulu bamakhono okucubungula, okuhlanganisa ukukhipha, ukusika, kanye nokubhoboza, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwezimboni ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo olukhethekile lwale mishini, njengoba ingadinga ubuchwepheshe obuthile kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokusebenza nokugcinwa kwayo.
Imishini ye-laser ye-YAG (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) isebenzisa ikristalu eliqinile njenge-medium esebenzayo ukukhiqiza umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu. Le mishini ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusika, ukushisela, nokubhoboza izinsimbi, kanye nokumaka nokuqopha izinto ezahlukahlukene. Ama-laser e-YAG aziwa ngekhono lawo lokucubungula izinto ezikhanyayo nezinzima ukuzisika, njengethusi, i-titanium, kanye ne-ceramics, okwenza abe yimpahla ebalulekile ezimbonini ezifana nobucwebe, izimoto, kanye nokukhiqiza amadivayisi ezokwelapha.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemishini ye-laser ye-YAG yikhono layo lokuletha imisebe ye-laser enamandla amakhulu isikhathi eside, okwenza ifanelekele ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo nokusheshayo. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukucutshungulwa kwezinto eziphumelelayo nezikhiqizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-laser e-YAG anikeza ukuguquguquka maqondana nokulethwa kwemisebe, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zamarobhothi kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-laser e-YAG angaba nezidingo zokulungisa eziphezulu kanye nezindleko zokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemishini ye-laser.
Ekuphetheni, uhla oluhlukahlukene lwemishini ye-laser etholakalayo namuhla lunikeza amabhizinisi ithuba lokuthuthukisa amakhono awo kanye nokukhiqiza kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukusika, ukushisela, noma ukuqopha, kukhona umshini we-laser ofanele ukusetshenziswa nezinto ezithile. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini ye-laser kanye namakhono ayo kubalulekile kumabhizinisi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nezidingo zawo kanye nezidingo zawo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ikusasa lemishini ye-laser linamandla amakhulu okusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwanda emingceleni emisha yokucubungula izinto kanye nokukhiqiza. Ngezinketho eziningi ezikhula njalo, amathuba awapheli kumabhizinisi afuna ukusebenzisa amandla obuchwepheshe be-laser.
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