Ukuqonda Izingxenye Nemisebenzi Kagesi Yebhokisi Le-Transformer

Isingeniso:

Ama-transformer adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zamandla kagesi zanamuhla, okwenza amazinga kagesi anyuswe noma ehliswe ngempumelelo ukuze kudluliselwe futhi kusatshalaliswe. Ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, izingxenye ezahlukene zikagesi zisebenza ndawonye ukuze kube lula ukugeleza kwamandla kagesi. Ukuqonda lezi zingxenye nemisebenzi yazo kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwama-transformer. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izingxenye zikagesi zebhokisi le-transformer eliyisihluthulelo futhi sihlolisise izindima zazo, sikhanyise ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwala madivayisi amangalisayo.

I-Core kanye ne-Windings

Ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, i-core kanye ne-windings kuyizinto ezimbili eziyisisekelo ezenza kube lula inqubo yokudlulisa amandla. I-core, evame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezivumela ukugeleza okuphezulu njengensimbi e-laminated, inikeza indlela yokushintshashintsha kwensimu yamagnetic. Igcina ama-windings endaweni futhi iqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuhlangana kwamagnetic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-core inciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa yi-eddy currents.

Ama-winding, aqukethe ama-conductor avikelwe, anesibopho sokuthwala ugesi. Ku-transformer, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-winding: ama-winding ayinhloko kanye nama-winding angesibili. Ama-winding ayinhloko axhuma emthonjeni wamandla kagesi, kuyilapho ama-winding angesibili eletha i-voltage ephumayo emthwalweni. Isilinganiso senani lokujika phakathi kwama-winding ayinhloko kanye nama-winding angesibili sinquma amandla e-voltage okukhuphuka noma okuphansi kwe-transformer. Ukufakwa kwe-insulation okukhulu kusetshenziswa kuma-winding ukuvimbela ama-short circuits kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kukagesi.

Thepha Isishintshi

Ama-tap changer ayizingxenye ezibalulekile kuma-transformer ukuze alungise isilinganiso sokujika nokulawula i-voltage yokuphuma. Lawa madivayisi avumela ama-transformer ukuthi azivumelanise nezimo zesistimu ezishintshayo futhi agcine amazinga e-voltage ngaphakathi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo. I-tap changer ivame ukutholakala eduze kwama-windings futhi ine-switch yokukhetha kanye nama-tap amaningana.

Iswishi yokukhetha, esebenza ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo, ixhumanisa impompi oyifunayo ne-winding. I-tap ngayinye imelela indawo ehlukile lapho uxhumano lukagesi ne-winding lwenziwa khona. Ngokushintsha indawo ye-tap, inani lokujika kanye nesilinganiso se-voltage kungashintshwa, okuvumela ukulungiswa kwe-voltage ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zomthwalo kanye nezidingo zesistimu. Abashintshi be-tap baqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe futhi banegalelo ekuzinzeni kwe-voltage kuzo zonke izimo ezahlukahlukene, ekugcineni kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi kagesi.

Ama-Bushing

Ama-bushing ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ezihlinzeka ngokufakwa kogesi kanye nokusekelwa ngokomzimba ezindaweni lapho ama-conductor edlula khona endaweni ebiyelwe ye-transformer. Lawa madivayisi okufaka ugesi axhuma ama-conductor angaphakathi nezintambo zamandla zangaphandle ngendlela ephephile nephephile. Ama-bushing ngokuvamile enziwa nge-porcelain noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinamandla aphezulu e-dielectric.

Indima eyinhloko yama-bushings ukuvimbela ukuphuma kukagesi nokugcina ukufudumala okufanele. Ahlinzeka ngesithiyo phakathi kwama-conductor ane-voltage ephezulu kanye nezingxenye zensimbi ezisekelwe phansi ze-transformer. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile, ama-bushings ahlolwa kanzima ukuqinisekisa izakhiwo zawo zokufudumala kanye nokuqina kwemvelo. Ama-bushings aklanywe kahle futhi anakekelwe kahle abalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwama-transformer.

Uhlelo Lokupholisa

Izinhlelo zokupholisa kuma-transformer zinesibopho sokuqeda ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza nokugcina amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kanye nesikhathi sayo sokuphila, okungase kuholele ekuqhekekeni kokufakwa kokushisa noma ngisho nokwehluleka okubi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezifanele zokupholisa ziyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe impilo ye-transformer.

Ama-transformer asebenzisa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokupholisa: ukupholisa kwemvelo kanye nokupholisa okuphoqelelwe. Ukupholisa kwemvelo kusebenzisa umoya ozungezile ukukhipha ukushisa ngethangi le-transformer kanye nama-radiator. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukupholisa okuphoqelelwe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamafeni okupholisa noma amaphampu ukuhambisa umoya noma i-coolant nge-transformer. Uhlelo lokupholisa lungafaka futhi amapayipi kawoyela noma amanzi ukuthutha ukushisa kude nengaphakathi kanye nama-windings.

Ukukhetha indlela efanele yokupholisa kuncike ezintweni ezifana nosayizi we-transformer, izidingo zokusebenza, kanye nezimo zemvelo. Uhlelo lokupholisa luqinisekisa ukuthi ama-transformer asebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokushisa, alondoloze ubuqotho bawo futhi andise isikhathi sawo sokusebenza.

Amadivayisi Avikelayo

Amadivayisi okuvikela ayizinto ezibalulekile kuma-transformer, avimbela umonakalo obangelwa amaphutha, ukulayisha ngokweqile, kanye nezimo ezingavamile. Lawa madivayisi asiza ekugcineni ukusebenza okuphephile nokwethembekile ngokuthola nokuhlukanisa ngokushesha izingxenye ezinephutha ze-transformer noma ukususa i-transformer kunethiwekhi.

Enye yamadivayisi okuvikela ayinhloko kuma-transformer yi-Buchholz relay. Uma ifakwe phakathi kwethangi le-transformer kanye ne-conservator, i-Buchholz relay ithola amaphutha angaphakathi, njengokwehluleka kokufaka ugesi noma ama-short circuits ngaphakathi kwe-transformer. Lapho amabhamuza egesi noma kawoyela akhiqizwa yi-fault egeleza nge-relay, ibangela isignali yokuhamba ukuze inqamule i-transformer ohlelweni futhi isebenze i-alamu ukuze ixwayise opharetha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi okuvikela ugesi ongaphezu kwamandla, njenge-fuse kanye nama-circuit breaker, avikela ama-transformer emisinga eminingi engalimaza ama-windings noma ibangele ingozi yomlilo. Lawa madivayisi aphazamisa isekethe kagesi lapho ugesi udlula imingcele esethiwe, okuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe ku-transformer.

Isiphetho:

Ama-Transformer ayimishini eyinkimbinkimbi lapho izingxenye ezahlukene zikagesi zisebenza khona ngokuvumelana ukuze zidlulise amandla kagesi kusuka kwelinye izinga le-voltage ziye kwelinye. I-core kanye nama-windings ahlinzeka ngezingxenye ezibalulekile eziqhubayo nezinozibuthe, kuyilapho okushintsha ama-tap kuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwe-voltage okunembile. Ama-bushings aqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kukagesi kanye nokuxhumeka okuphephile, kuyilapho izinhlelo zokupholisa zigcina izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elifanele. Okokugcina, amadivayisi okuvikela adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kokusebenza kanye nokuvikela i-transformer emaphutheni kanye nasekuthwaleni ngokweqile.

Ukuqonda imisebenzi yalezi zingxenye ngaphakathi kwe-transformer kusenza sikwazi ukwazisa ubunjiniyela obuyinkimbinkimbi obuhilelekile ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwazo. Ukusebenza kahle nangokuthembekile kwama-transformer kuthinta ngqo ukuzinza nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zethu zamandla kagesi. Ngokuhlola izingxenye nemisebenzi yama-transformer, sithola ukuqonda okujulile ngokubaluleka kwawo kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla anamuhla.