Izizathu ze-Transformer ejikelezayo ngequbuliso

■ Ukuhlolwa kunye novavanyo lokujika

Xa i-transformer ijikeleziswa ngokufutshane, phantsi kwesenzo samandla e-electrodynamic, ukujija ngaxeshanye kufakwa uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, ukugoba kunye neminye imikhosi, nto leyo ebangela ukufihlakala okunamandla kwempazamo, nto leyo engelula ukuyijonga nokuyilungisa, ngoko ke ukujija kufuneka kujongwe emva kwempazamo yesekethe emfutshane.

■ Ukulinganiswa kokumelana kwe-DC ye-transformer

Ngokwexabiso elilinganisiweyo lokuxhathisa kwe-DC kwe-transformer, izinga lokungalingani kokuxhathisa kwe-DC kwe-winding liyajongwa kwaye lithelekiswe nexabiso elilinganisiweyo langaphambili, elinokuphanda ngempumelelo umonakalo we-transformer winding. Umzekelo, emva kwengozi yesekethe emfutshane ye-transformer, ukuxhathisa kwe-DC kwicala C kwicala le-voltage ephantsi kunyuke malunga ne-10%, ngoko ke kwagwetywa ukuba kunokubakho imicu emitsha kwi-winding. Ekugqibeleni, i-winding yaphakanyiswa ukuze ihlolwe, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba umcu omnye we-phase C winding waphukile.

■ Ukulinganiswa komthamo we-transformer winding

I-capacitance ye-winding yenziwe ngokujika okujikelezayo, umaleko ukuya kumaleko kunye ne-capacitance yekhekhe ukuya kwikhekhe kunye ne-capacitance ye-winding. Le capacitance inxulumene nomsantsa phakathi kwe-windings kunye ne-iron core kunye nomhlaba, umsantsa phakathi kwe-windings kunye ne-iron core, umsantsa phakathi kwe-windings, umsantsa phakathi kwe-layers kunye nomsantsa phakathi kweekhekhe. Xa i-winding iguqukile, idla ngokugoba ngendlela "S", ekhokelela kumgama omncinci we-gap phakathi kwe-winding kunye ne-iron core, kunye ne-capacitance enkulu ye-winding ukuya emhlabeni. Okukhona umsantsa uncinci, kokukhona utshintsho olukhulu lwe-capacitance. Ke ngoko, i-capacitance ye-winding inokubonakalisa ngokungathanga ngqo inqanaba lokuguquguquka kwe-winding.

■ Ukuhlolwa emva kokuphakamisa isigqubuthelo

Emva kokuxhoma isigqubuthelo se-transformer, ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba kukho i-slag yobhedu enyibilikisiweyo, i-slag ye-aluminium okanye iziqwenga zephepha lekhebula elinobunzima obuphezulu ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, kunokugwetywa ukuba i-winding idlule kwinqanaba elikhulu lokuguquguquka kunye nokuqhekeka kwentambo. Ukongeza, inqanaba lomonakalo we-winding lingagwetywa ngokufuduka kunye nokuwa kwebhloko ye-winding cushion, indawo yepleyiti yokucinezela, ukufuduka kwephini yokucinezela, njl.

■ Ukuhlolwa kwesiseko sentsimbi kunye ne-clamp

Umbindi wesinyithi wetransformer kufuneka ube namandla aneleyo oomatshini, aqinisekiswa ngamandla azo zonke iziqwenga zokubambelela kwisiseko sesinyithi kunye nezihlanganisi zazo. Xa ukujija kuvelisa amandla ombane, amandla e-axial okujija aya kuncitshiswa ngamandla okusabela kwe-clamp. Ukuba amandla e-clamp kunye ne-pull plate angaphantsi kwamandla e-axial, i-clamp, i-pull plate kunye ne-winding ziya konakala. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ngononophelo imeko ye-iron core, i-clamp, i-pull plate kunye nezihlanganisi zayo, kwaye ujonge le miqathango ilandelayo:

① Jonga ukuba i-yook chip kwi-iron core iyanyuka na ihla.

② Ukumelana nobushushu phakathi kwesikrufu sokubhoboza esingundoqo kunye nesiseko sentsimbi kufuneka kulinganiswe, ijakethi yesikrufu sokubhoboza esingundoqo kufuneka ihlolwe ukuba ayinamonakalo na, kwaye isixhumi sepleyiti yokutsala kunye nepleyiti yokutsala kufuneka sihlolwe ukuba asinamonakalo na.

③ Xa i-transformer ijikeleziswa kancinci, kunokubakho ukufuduka phakathi kwepleyiti yokucinezela kunye nenxalenye yokucinezela, okunokubangela ukuba iqhekeza loqhagamshelo lomhlaba wepleyiti yokucinezela kunye nedyokhwe yesinyithi kwiphini yokucinezela litsalwe okanye litshiswe ngumsinga ogqithisileyo. Ke ngoko, kwipleyiti yokucinezela ejikelezayo, ukongeza ekujongeni umonakalo wephini yokucinezela kunye nepleyiti yokucinezela, jonga ukuba uqhagamshelo lomhlaba phakathi kwe-winding kunye nephini yokucinezela kunye nedyokhwe ephezulu luthembekile na.

■ Uhlalutyo lweoyile yetransformer kunye negesi

Emva kokuba i-transformer ichaphazeleke yi-short circuit, inani elikhulu legesi linokuqokelelana kwi-gas relay. Ke ngoko, emva kwengozi ye-transformer, igesi kwi-gas relay kunye neoyile kwi-transformer zinokuthathwa ukuze kuhlalutywe iikhemikhali ukuze kugwetywe uhlobo lwengozi.

■ Imiba efuna ingqwalasela ekusingatheni impazamo ye-transformer short circuit

(1) Qinisekisa ukusebenza kweendawo zokukhusela xa kutshintshwa iindawo zokukhusela

Ngexesha lonyango, ukusebenza kweendawo zokukhusela ezitshintshiweyo kuya kuvavanywa, kwaye zingasetyenziswa kuphela emva kokuhlangabezana neemfuno. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo iya kuhlawulwa ekugqumeni kwebhloko yomthi exhasa ilothe. Ibhloko yomthi iya kufakwa kwioyile ye-transformer eshushu malunga nama-80 ℃ kangangexesha elithile ngaphambi kokufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukugquma kwebhloko yomthi.

(2) Uvavanyo lokufakelwa kwe-transformer kufuneka lwenziwe emva kokuba i-transformer izaliswe ioyile kwaye inganyakazi iiyure ezingama-24

Njengoko ezinye iindawo zokukhusela ezimanzi ziya kusasazeka ziye kumphezulu wokukhusela emva kokuba zifakwe kwioyile eshushu ixesha elide, iziphene zokukhusela azinakubonwa emva kokufakwa kwioyile. Umzekelo, ibhloko yomthi exhasayo ye-10 kV copper bar yatshintshwa kwicala le-voltage ephantsi ye-31.5 MVA 110 kV transformer ngexesha lonyango. Emva kokuba i-transformer izaliswe yioyile, zonke iimvavanyo beziqhelekile. Ukumelana nokukhusela kwe-10 kV low voltage kwicala le-iron core, i-clamp kunye nomhlaba kwehliswe ukuya kwi-1 M Ω. Emva kokuhlolwa kwesigqubuthelo sokuxhoma, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukhuseleko lwebhloko yomthi exhasayo ye-10kV copper bar lwaluphantsi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lokukhusela kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuthembekileyo kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba i-transformer isazaliswe yioyile.

(3) Ingqwalasela mayinikwe kwiikona ezibukhali zesiseko sentsimbi ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa kwakhona

Xa ufaka i-iron core kwi-joke, qwalasela ikona ebukhali ye-iron core chip, kwaye ulinganise ngexesha elifanelekileyo i-insulation phakathi kwe-oil ducts, ingakumbi ikona ebukhali ye-chip kwi-oil duct, ukuthintela i-iron core ukuba ingangeni kwiindawo ezininzi ngenxa ye-chip bonding. Umzekelo, kwi-transformer ye-220kV ene-120MVA, xa kutshintshwa i-winding kwicala le-low-voltage kwaye kufakwa kwakhona i-joke, i-insulation phakathi kwe-oyile channels ilinganiswe ukuba yi-0 emva kokufakwa kuba ikona ebukhali ye-chip ayizange ibonwe ngexesha lokufakelwa kwakhona kwaye i-insulation phakathi kwe-oyile channels ayilinganiswanga ngexesha. Kuthathe ixesha elide ukufumanisa ukuba i-oyile channel yayifutshane kwi-core chip sharp corner.

(4) Buyisela izinto ezijikelezayo ngokumelana okukhulu nokujikeleza okufutshane

Amandla oomatshini ophuculiweyo kwi-transformer winding yesakhiwo axhomekeke kakhulu kwezi zinto zimbini zilandelayo:

① Okokuqala, amandla oomatshini okujika amiselwa zizinto ezikwisakhiwo sawo;

② Okwesibini ngamandla oomatshini amiselwa yinkxaso kwicala elingaphakathi ledayamitha yokujika, isakhiwo sokucinezelwa kwe-axial sokujika, kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kweepleyiti zokutsala kunye nee-clamps. Okwangoku, uninzi lwabavelisi be-transformer basebenzisa ucingo lwe-copper oluqinileyo okanye i-self-adhesive transposed conductor ukuphucula amandla okulwa ne-short circuit yokujika ngokwayo, basebenzise isilinda yekhadibhodi enomgangatho ongcono okanye bandise inani lee-braces ukuphucula amandla okujika ukumelana namandla e-radial, kwaye basebenzise iipleyiti zokutsala okanye ii-spring stud ukuphucula amandla eqela lokujika ukumelana namandla e-axial.

Njengesebe lezobugcisa lomenzi we-power transformer, ngexesha lomboniso wezobugcisa ngaphambi kokusayinwa kwesivumelwano sokuthengisa se-transformer kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-transformer winding, amandla okulwa ne-short circuit ye-winding kufuneka ahlolwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye anikwe ingqalelo eyaneleyo.

(5) Ukomisa itransformer

Ekubeni i-transformer kufuneka ihlaziywe ixesha elide emva kokuba ichaphazeleke yi-short circuit, amanyathelo amabini anokuthathwa ukuthintela i-transformer ekubeni ingabi manzi:

① Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuphela komsebenzi wosuku ngalunye, i-transformer kufuneka igqunywe, kwaye ipompo ye-vacuum mayisetyenziswe ukucoca i-transformer ukuze isuse amanzi asimahla kumphezulu womzimba we-transformer. Xa umsebenzi uqala ngosuku olulandelayo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-nitrogen eyomileyo okanye umoya owomileyo ukususa i-vacuum. Ngokubanzi, i-transformer inokusetyenziswa ngqo emva kweeyure ezingama-24 zokujikeleza kweoyile eshushu emva kokugcinwa.

② Okwesibini, emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi yonke imihla, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okumelana nemvula kwi-transformer. Emva kokuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe, i-transformer mayiyomiswe ngendlela yokutshiza ioyile eshushu, edla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10.

(6) Ezinye iindlela zokuzikhusela

Emva kokuba i-transformer ibe nengozi yesekethe emfutshane, ukongeza ekuvavanyweni kwe-transformer ngokwezinto eziqhelekileyo, uhlobo lwempazamo luya kugwetywa kwaye luhlalutywe ngokudibanisa iziphumo zovavanyo lweoyile ye-transformer, igesi edluliselwayo yegesi, ukumelana ne-DC yokujika, amandla okujika kunye nokulinganisa ukujika kwe-winding, kunye nokuguquka kwe-windings, kufuneka kujongwe ukufuduka kunye nokungakhululeki kwee-iron cores kunye nee-clamps, kwaye emva koko kuya kumiselwa inkqubo yonyango kunye namanyathelo okuthintela kwi-transformer. Xa ukujika kufuneka kutshintshwe ngenxa yokujika okukhulu okubangelwe yingozi ye-transformer short circuit, kuya kuqwalaselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwakhona kwee-iron core chips, ukomiswa kwazo zonke iindawo zokukhusela, unyango lwe-transformer oil kunye nokomiswa ngokubanzi kwe-transformer.