Izimbangela Zokujikeleza Okufushane Okungazelelwe Kwe-Transformer

■ Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kokugoba

Uma i-transformer iqhutshwa nge-short circuit, ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla kagesi, ukugoba ngesikhathi esifanayo kufakwa ingcindezi, ukucindezeleka, ukugoba kanye neminye imimoya, okuholela ekufihlweni okunamandla kwephutha, okungelula ukukuhlola nokulungisa, ngakho ukugoba kufanele kuhlolwe ngemva kwephutha le-short circuit.

■ Ukulinganiswa kokumelana kwe-DC kwe-transformer

Ngokwenani elilinganisiwe lokumelana kwe-DC kwe-transformer, izinga lokungalingani lokumelana kwe-DC kwe-winding liyahlolwa futhi liqhathaniswe nenani elilinganisiwe langaphambilini, elingahlola ngempumelelo umonakalo we-transformer winding. Isibonelo, ngemuva kwengozi yesekethe esifushane ye-transformer, ukumelana kwe-DC ohlangothini C ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi kwanda cishe ngo-10%, ngakho kwahlulelwa ukuthi kungase kube nemicu emisha eku-winding. Ekugcineni, i-winding yaphakanyiswa ukuze ihlolwe, kwatholakala ukuthi umucu owodwa we-phase C winding wawuphukile.

■ Ukulinganiswa kwamandla okuguqula i-transformer

I-capacitance ye-winding yakhiwe ngokujika okugoqekayo, ungqimba kuya kungqimba kanye ne-capacitance yekhekhe kuya kukhekhe kanye ne-capacitance yokugoqekayo. Le capacitance ihlobene negebe eliphakathi kwe-windings kanye ne-iron core kanye nomhlabathi, igebe eliphakathi kwe-windings kanye ne-iron core, igebe eliphakathi kwe-windings, igebe eliphakathi kwezendlalelo kanye negebe eliphakathi kwamakhekhe. Lapho i-winding iguquguquka, ngokuvamile igobeka ngesimo "S", okuholela ebangeni elincane legebe phakathi kwe-winding kanye ne-iron core, kanye ne-capacitance enkulu ye-winding eya emhlabathini. Uma igebe lincane, kulapho i-capacitance ishintsha khona kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-capacitance ye-winding ingabonisa ngokungaqondile izinga lokuguquguquka kwe-winding.

■ Ukuhlolwa ngemva kokuphakamisa isembozo

Ngemva kokulenga isembozo se-transformer, uma kutholakala ukuthi kukhona i-slag yethusi encibilikisiwe, i-slag ye-aluminium noma izingcezu zephepha lekhebula elinobukhulu obuphezulu ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, kungahlulelwa ukuthi ukugoqa kudlule ezingeni elikhulu lokuguqulwa kanye nokuphuka kwentambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lomonakalo wokugoqa lingahlulelwa nangokusuka ekufudukeni nasekuweni kwebhulokhi yomcamelo ogoqayo, indawo yepuleti lokucindezela, ukufuduka kwephini lokucindezela, njll.

■ Ukuhlolwa kwe-iron core kanye ne-clamp

Ingaphakathi lensimbi le-transformer kufanele libe namandla anele omshini, okuqinisekiswa ngamandla azo zonke izingcezu zokubopha engaphakathi lensimbi kanye nezixhumi zazo. Lapho ukugoqa kukhiqiza amandla kagesi, amandla e-axial okugoqa azoncishiswa amandla okusabela e-clamp. Uma amandla e-clamp kanye ne-pull plate engaphansi kwamandla e-axial, i-clamp, i-pull plate kanye ne-winding kuzolimala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela isimo se-iron core, i-clamp, i-pull plate kanye nezixhumi zayo, bese uhlola izimo ezilandelayo:

① Hlola ukuthi i-yoke chip enkabeni yensimbi iyahamba iye phezulu naphansi.

② Ukumelana nokushisa phakathi kwesikulufu sokubhoboza esiyinhloko kanye ne-iron core kufanele kulinganiswe, ijakethi yesikulufu sokubhoboza esiyinhloko kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi ayinamonakalo yini, kanti isixhumi sepuleti lokudonsa kanye nepuleti lokudonsa kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi ayinamonakalo yini.

③ Uma i-transformer ifinyelelwe nge-circuit, kungase kube nokugudluka phakathi kwepuleti lokucindezela kanye nengxenye yokubopha, okungase kubangele ukuthi ingxenye yokuxhumanisa isisekelo sepuleti lokucindezela kanye ne-iron jock ephini lokucindezela idonswe noma ishiswe yi-overcurrent. Ngakho-ke, ngepuleti lokucindezela eligoqekayo, ngaphezu kokuhlola umonakalo wephini lokucindezela kanye nepuleti lokucindezela, hlola ukuthi uxhumano lwesisekelo phakathi kwe-winding kanye nephini lokucindezela kanye ne-inner jock luthembekile yini.

■ Ukuhlaziywa kukawoyela we-transformer kanye negesi

Ngemva kokuba i-transformer ithinteke yi-short circuit, inani elikhulu legesi lingaqongelela ku-gas relay. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwengozi ye-transformer, igesi ku-gas relay kanye namafutha ku-transformer kungathathwa ukuze kuhlaziywe ngamakhemikhali ukuze kwahlulelwe uhlobo lwengozi.

■ Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa ekusingatheni iphutha le-transformer short circuit

(1) Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye zokuvikela uma ushintsha izingxenye zokuvikela

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ukusebenza kwezingxenye zokuvikela ezishintshiwe kufanele kuhlolwe, futhi zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukuvikela ibhlogo lokhuni elisekelwe yi-lead. Ibhlogo lokhuni kufanele lifakwe ku-thermal transformer oil cishe ku-80 ℃ isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukuvikela ibhlogo lokhuni.

(2) Ukuhlolwa kokufakwa kwe-transformer kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuba i-transformer igcwaliswe ngowoyela futhi ithule amahora angama-24

Njengoba ezinye izingxenye zokuvikela ezimanzi zizosakazeka endaweni yokuvikela ngemva kokucwiliswa ku-oyela oshisayo isikhathi eside, amaphutha okuvikela awakwazi ukutholakala ngemva kokujova uwoyela. Isibonelo, ibhloko yokhuni olusekelayo yebha yethusi engu-10 kV yashintshwa ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi ye-transformer engu-31.5 MVA 110 kV ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ngemva kokuba i-transformer igcwaliswe uwoyela, zonke izivivinyo bezivamile. Ukumelana kokuvikela kohlangothi lwe-voltage ephansi engu-10 kV kuya enkabeni yensimbi, i-clamp kanye nomhlabathi kwehliswe kwaba cishe yi-1 M Ω. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesembozo sokulenga, kwatholakala ukuthi ukuvikela kohlangothi lwe-tronic olusekelayo lwebha yethusi engu-10kV kwakuphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kokuvikela kufanele kwenziwe ngokuthembekile emahoreni angu-24 ngemuva kokuba i-transformer isagcwele uwoyela.

(3) Kufanele kunakwe amakhona abukhali enkabeni yensimbi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kabusha

Uma ufaka i-iron core emuva ejokeni, naka ekhoneni elibukhali le-iron core chip, bese ulinganisa ngesikhathi ukufakelwa kwe-insulation phakathi kwamapayipi kawoyela, ikakhulukazi ekhoneni elibukhali le-chip emgudwini kawoyela, ukuvimbela i-iron core ukuthi ingagxili ezindaweni eziningi ngenxa yokubopha kwe-chip. Isibonelo, nge-transformer engu-220kV ene-120MVA, lapho kufakwa indawo yokugoqa ohlangothini oluphansi lwe-voltage bese kufakwa kabusha i-joke, ukufakelwa kwe-insulation phakathi kweziteshi zikawoyela kwalinganiswa ukuthi kungu-0 ngemuva kokufakwa ngoba ekhoneni elibukhali le-chip akuzange kubonwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa kabusha futhi ukufakelwa kwe-insulation phakathi kweziteshi zikawoyela akuzange kulinganiswe ngesikhathi. Kwathatha isikhathi eside ukuthola ukuthi isiteshi sikawoyela sasifushane ekhoneni elibukhali le-core chip.

(4) Shintsha izinto ezigoqekayo ngokumelana okunamandla kwe-short-circuit

Amandla okusebenza kwesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe sokugoqa i-transformer anqunywa kakhulu yizici ezimbili ezilandelayo:

① Okokuqala, amandla omshini wokugoqa anqunywa yizici zesakhiwo sawo;

② Okwesibili amandla omshini anqunywa ukwesekwa ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lobubanzi bokugoqa, isakhiwo sokucindezela kwe-axial sokugoqa, kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza amapuleti okudonsa nama-clamp. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi be-transformer basebenzisa ucingo lwethusi oluqinile noma i-transposed conductor ezinamathelayo ukuze bathuthukise ikhono lokulwa ne-short circuit lokugoqa ngokwalo, basebenzise isilinda sekhadibhodi esinekhwalithi engcono noma bandise inani lama-braces ukuze bathuthukise ikhono lokugoqa ukuze bamelane namandla e-radial, futhi basebenzise amapuleti okudonsa noma ama-spring stud ukuthuthukisa ikhono leqembu lokugoqa ukuze bamelane namandla e-axial.

Njengomnyango wezobuchwepheshe womkhiqizi we-transformer yamandla, ngesikhathi sokuboniswa kobuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokusayinwa kwenkontileka yokuthengisa ye-transformer kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwe-transformer winding, ikhono le-anti short circuit le-winding kufanele lihlolwe ngokugcwele futhi linakwe ngokwanele.

(5) Ukomisa i-transformer

Njengoba i-transformer idinga ukulungiswa isikhathi eside ngemva kokuthi ithinteke yi-short circuit, kungathathwa izinyathelo ezimbili ukuvimbela i-transformer ukuthi ingabi manzi:

① Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuphela komsebenzi wosuku ngalunye, i-transformer kufanele imbozwe, bese kuthi iphampu ye-vacuum isetshenziswe ukuhlanza i-transformer ukuze kususwe amanzi amahhala ebusweni bomzimba we-transformer. Lapho umsebenzi uqala ngosuku olulandelayo, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-nitrogen eyomile noma umoya owomile ukususa i-vacuum. Ngokuvamile, i-transformer ingasetshenziswa ngqo ngemva kwamahora angu-24 okujikeleza kukawoyela oshisayo ngemva kokulungiswa.

② Okwesibili, ngemva kokuqedwa komsebenzi nsuku zonke, kuzothathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela imvula ku-transformer. Ngemva kokuqedwa komsebenzi, i-transformer kufanele yomiswe ngendlela yokufutha ngamafutha ashisayo, ngokuvamile ethatha izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10.

(6) Ezinye izindlela zokuphepha

Ngemva kokuba i-transformer ibe nengozi yesekethe esifushane, ngaphezu kokuhlola i-transformer ngokwezinto ezivamile, uhlobo lwephutha kufanele lwahlulelwe futhi luhlaziywe ngokuhlanganisa imiphumela yokuhlola kawoyela we-transformer, igesi yokudlulisela igesi, ukumelana kwe-DC yokugoba, amandla okugoba kanye nokulinganiswa kokuguquguquka kokugoba, kanye nokuguquguquka kokugoba, ukuhamba kanye nokuxega kwama-core ensimbi nama-clamp kufanele kuhlolwe, bese kunqunywa uhlelo lokwelapha kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ze-transformer. Lapho ukugoba kudinga ukushintshwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu okubangelwa ingozi yesekethe esifushane se-transformer, kuzonakwa ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kwama-chip e-iron core, ukomiswa kwazo zonke izingxenye zokufaka umswakama, ukwelashwa kwamafutha e-transformer kanye nokomiswa okuphelele kwe-transformer.