Malunga neCanwin Ngaba ufuna ukwazi ukuba isakhiwo seetransformer sidibene njani? incwadi yomsebenzisi | Canwin

02 Uhlobo lwentsimbi engundoqo

Umongo wentsimbi unekholamu yentsimbi kunye nedyokhwe yentsimbi. Ikholamu yentsimbi igqunywe zii-windings kwaye idyokhwe yentsimbi idibanisa ikholamu yentsimbi ukuze yenze isekethe yemagnethi evaliweyo.

UMZOBO 1A yitransformer yesigaba esinye, UMZOBO 1B yitransformer yesigaba sesithathu. Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi engundoqo lunokwahlulwa lube ngamacandelo amabini, u-C yinxalenye yekhoyili, eyaziwa ngokuba yikholamu engundoqo. U-Y yinxalenye esetyenziselwa ukuvala isekethe yemagnethi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-iron joke. Itransformer yesigaba esinye ineentsika ezimbini ezingundoqo, itransformer yesigaba sesithathu ineentsika ezintathu ezingundoqo.

Ngenxa yokuba i-magnetic flux kwi-transformer iron core iyi-alternating flux, ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko ye-eddy current, i-transformer iron core yenziwe ngobukhulu obuthile be-iron chip eyenziwe nge-silicon steel sheet enokumelana okuphezulu. I-silicon steel sheet eyenziwe yi-iron core iqale inqunywe ibe yimo nobukhulu obufunekayo, oko kukuthi i-punching sheet, ize idityaniswe ne-punching sheet ngendlela edibeneyo. Umfanekiso 2A ubonisa i-iron core ye-single-phase transformer. Umaleko ngamnye unama-blanking sheets ama-4. UMfanekiso 2b ubonisa i-iron core ye-three-phase transformer, umaleko ngamnye wenziwe ngamaqhekeza ama-6, kwaye indibaniselwano yeziqwenga ze-punch zamaleya amabini isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungiselela ukushukuma kwe-magnetic circuit ye-maleya nganye. Le ndlela yokuhlanganisa ibizwa ngokuba yi-overlapping assembly, enokuthintela i-eddy current ehamba phakathi kwama-steel sheets. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba amaleya adibene kwaye efakwe ngaphakathi, izibophelelo ezimbalwa zinokusetyenziswa ukwenza isakhiwo sibe lula xa i-core icinezelwe. Xa kuhlanganiswa, iziqwenga ze-punch ziqala zidibene ukuze zenze umongo wentsimbi uphela, emva koko i-joke esezantsi iyabotshelelwa, iziqwenga ze-joke ephezulu ziyatsalwa ukuze kuvele ikholamu yomongo wentsimbi, ii-windings ezenziwe kwangaphambili zibekwe kwikholamu yomongo wentsimbi, kwaye ekugqibeleni iziqwenga ze-joke ephezulu ezitsaliweyo ziyafakwa.

Ngokwendlela ebekwe ngayo i-winding kwi-core, i-transformer yahlulwe yaba yi-core kunye ne-shell type two. Umahluko uphakathi kokusasazwa kwesekethe ye-magnetic, i-shell transformer core joke ijikeleze i-coil, i-core transformer core kwi-coil eninzi, inxalenye ye-coil ngaphandle kwe-iron joke, esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-magnetic loop.

03 Ukusasazwa kobushushu kwesiseko sesinyithi

Xa i-transformer isebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo, i-iron core iya kuvelisa ubushushu ngenxa yokulahleka kwesinyithi, kwaye okukhona ubunzima kunye nomthamo we-iron core bukhulu, kokukhona ubushushu buya kuvela. Ubushushu be-transformer oil obungaphezulu kwama-95 degrees kulula ukuguga, ngoko ke ubushushu bomphezulu oyintloko kufuneka bulawulwe ngaphantsi kobu bushushu kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nto leyo efuna ukuba ulwakhiwo lokusasaza ubushushu lwe-core lukhuphe ubushushu be-core ngokukhawuleza. Ulwakhiwo lokusasaza ubushushu lujolise kakhulu ekunyuseni umphezulu wokusasaza ubushushu we-core. Ukusasaza ubushushu kwe-iron core kubandakanya ikakhulu ukusasaza ubushushu kwe-iron core oil channel kunye nokusasaza ubushushu kwe-iron core airway.

Kwii-transformers ezintywilisiweyo kwi-oyile ezinomthamo omkhulu, ii-oil grooves zihlala zibekwe phakathi kwee-laminates ze-iron core ukuphucula isiphumo sokusasaza ubushushu. I-oil groove yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini, enye ihambelana ne-silicon steel sheet kwaye enye imile nkqo kwi-steel sheet, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. Olu lungiselelo lokugqibela lunesiphumo esingcono sokusasaza ubushushu, kodwa ulwakhiwo luyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi.

Umongo wentsimbi wetransformer eyomileyo upholiswa ngumoya. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ubushushu bomongo wentsimbi abudluli kwixabiso elivumelekileyo, umbhobho womoya uhlala ufakwa kwikholamu yomongo wentsimbi kunye nejoko yentsimbi.

04 Ingxolo yentsimbi engundoqo

Iitransformer zivelisa ingxolo ngexesha lokusebenza. Umthombo wengxolo yetransformer yimagnetostriction yeshiti yesinyithi yesilicon engundoqo yentsimbi, okanye ingxolo yesiseko setransformer ibangelwa yimagnetostriction. Imagnetostriction ibhekisa ekwandeni kobukhulu beshiti yesinyithi yesilicon ecaleni komgca we-introduction yemagnethi xa isiseko sesinyithi sivuselelwe. Ubungakanani beshiti yesinyithi yesilicon buyancipha kwicala elithe nkqo kumgca we-introduction yemagnethi, obizwa ngokuba yimagnetostriction. Ukongeza, ulwakhiwo kunye nobukhulu bejometri yesiseko sesinyithi, kunye netekhnoloji yokucubungula kunye nokuvelisa isiseko sesinyithi kuya kuba nefuthe elithile kwinqanaba lengxolo.

Ingxolo yentsimbi engundoqo ingancitshiswa ngala manyathelo obuchwephesha alandelayo:

(1) Sebenzisa ishidi lesinyithi lesilicon elikumgangatho ophezulu elinexabiso elincinci le-magnetostrictive ε.

(2) Nciphisa uxinano lwe-magnetic flux kwi-core.

(3) Phucula ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi engundoqo.

(4) Khetha ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bentloko.

(5) Sebenzisa iteknoloji yokucubungula ephucukileyo.

05 Ukusikwa kwesiseko sesinyithi

Kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwe-transformer, intsimi yombane eyenziwe phakathi kwee-windings zombane kunye nee-leads kunye netanki yeoyile yintsimi yombane engalinganiyo, kwaye isiseko sesinyithi kunye neenxalenye zaso zesinyithi zikwintsimi yombane. Ngenxa yokuba amandla okungenisa amandla kagesi ayafana, ngoko ke amandla okumiswa kwesiseko sesinyithi kunye neenxalenye zaso zesinyithi ayafana, xa umahluko onokubakho phakathi kwamanqaku amabini unokuqhekeza i-insulation phakathi kwazo, kuya kuvela i-spark discharge. Olu khuphelo lunokuqhekeza ioyile ye-transformer kwaye lonakalise i-insulation eqinileyo. Ukuze kuthintelwe oku, zombini isiseko kunye neenxalenye zaso zesinyithi kufuneka zisekelwe ngokuthembekileyo.

Umbindi kufuneka usekelwe kwindawo enye. Xa umbindi wesinyithi okanye ezinye izinto zesinyithi zinamachaphaza amabini okanye ngaphezulu kwamachaphaza amabini, indawo yomhlaba iya kwenza iluphu evaliweyo, ukwakheka kokujikeleza kwegazi, umbane ngamanye amaxesha ungafikelela kumashumi e-an, kuya kubangela ubushushu obuphezulu bendawo, kukhokelele ekuboleni kweoyile, kunokwenza i-grounding element fuse, kutshiswe umbindi wesinyithi, ezi azivumelekanga. Ke ngoko, umbindi kufuneka usekelwe kwindawo enye, kwaye usekelwe kancinci.

II. Ulwakhiwo lwe-transformer winding

Umsebenzi we-01 winding

Ukujikajika yeyona nxalenye isisiseko yetransformer, kukusekwa kwe-magnetic field kunye nokudluliselwa kwenxalenye yesekethe yamandla ombane, ngokubanzi isongelwe ngephepha lokukhusela ucingo lobhedu okanye inxeba le-aluminium wire, kwaye ibekwe kwikholamu ye-transformer core. I-transformer core kufuneka ibe namandla aneleyo okukhusela, amandla oomatshini kunye nokumelana nobushushu.

Uhlobo lokujika

Isakhiwo sokujika kwetransformer sinokwahlulwahlulwa ngokubanzi sibe ziindidi ezimbini: isakhiwo somaleko kunye nesakhiwo sekhekhe. Isakhiwo somaleko sibhekisa ekubeni ukujika kwe-winding kwi-axis yayo kucwangciswe rhoqo, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa kuthotho lwe-S8 kunye ne-S9 lwamandla aphantsi okulahleka; Isakhiwo sekhekhe sibhekisa ekubeni ukujika kwe-winding kuqhubeka kugotywa kube yikhekhe (icandelo) kwicala layo le-radial, kwaye emva koko kwenziwe iikhekhe ezininzi ezicwangciswe kwicala le-axial. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwiitransformer ezinkulu nezinkulu kakhulu ezine-voltage ephezulu ye-110kV nangaphezulu.

Ngokusisiseko, ii-windings zee-transformers zamandla eziveliswa eTshayina zisebenzisa isakhiwo esiqinileyo. I-Concentric winding ithetha ukuba ii-windings zisongelwe ngaphandle kwekholamu engundoqo kunye nomgca ofanayo wesilinda kuyo nayiphi na indawo enqamlezileyo yekholamu engundoqo. Kufuneka kubekho umsantsa othile wokufakelwa kunye nomjelo wokusasaza ubushushu (umjelo weoyile) phakathi kwee-windings eziphezulu neziphantsi ze-voltage kunye naphakathi kwee-windings ze-voltage ephantsi kunye nekholamu engundoqo yesinyithi, ezahlulwe yityhubhu yekhadibhodi egqunyiweyo. Umgama wokufakelwa uxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-voltage ye-winding kunye nendawo efunekayo ngumjelo wokusasaza ubushushu. Xa i-winding ye-voltage ephantsi ibekwe ngaphakathi kufutshane nekholamu engundoqo, umgama wokufakelwa ofunekayo phakathi kwayo kunye nekholamu engundoqo umncinci, ngoko ke ubungakanani be-winding bunokuncipha, kwaye ubungakanani be-transformer buyancipha.

I-transformer ejikelezayo emithathu isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yamandla. Ukusebenzisa i-transformer ejikelezayo emithathu ukudibanisa inkqubo yothumelo ngee-voltage ezintathu ezahlukeneyo kuyonga imali, kuthatha umhlaba omncinci kwaye kunokugcinwa kunye nolawulo olulula ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa ii-transformer ezimbini eziqhelekileyo. I-transformer ejikelezayo emithathu enezigaba ezintathu idla ngokusebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwe-YY-△, oko kukuthi, ii-windings eziphambili nezesibini zi-Y connection, kwaye i-winding yesithathu yi-△, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso XX. △ uqhagamshelo ngokwalo luyi-loop evaliweyo, ngesigaba esifanayo somsinga wesithathu we-harmonic, ukuze uqhagamshelo lwe-Y oluphambili, oluphambili, oluphambili lungabonakali kwi-voltage yesithathu ye-harmonic. Ngale ndlela ibonelela ngendawo engathathi cala kumacala omabini aphambili nakwesibini. Kwinkqubo yothumelo lomgama omde, i-winding yesithathu inokudityaniswa nekhamera ehambelanayo ukuphucula amandla omgca.

III. Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi yetransformer

01 Izinto zeLead kunye nokuhlelwa

Iiwindings zetransformer ziqhagamshelwe ngaphandle kwisiphelo esiphambili sentambo zibizwa ngokuba yi-lead, ngokusebenzisa i-lead ukuya kwi-transformer yombane wangaphandle, kodwa kwakhona ngokusebenzisa i-lead transmission kwimveliso yamandla ombane ukusuka kwi-transformer ukuya ngaphandle.

Kukho ikakhulu ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zeentambo:

(1) ucingo oluphambili oluqhagamshelwe kwisiphelo socingo olujikelezayo kunye nebhokisi;

(2) ukuxhumanisa iintambo phakathi kweziphelo ezijikelezayo;

(3) ukucofa okujikelezayo kuqhagamshelwe kwintambo yokucofa eqhagamshelwe kwiswitshi

Izinto ezisetyenziswa njengelothe ngokubanzi zezi:

(1) Ibha yobhedu engenanto, ububanzi obufanelekileyo: 10kV class 6300kVA kunye ne transformer engaphantsi;

(2) Ibha yobhedu ejikelezileyo ebhijelwe ngephepha, ububanzi obufanelekileyo: 10 ~ 35kV itransformer encinci;

(3) Ibha yobhedu engenanto, ububanzi obufanelekileyo: 10kV kunye neentambo ezijikelezayo ezingaphantsi kwe-voltage ephantsi;

(4) Ucingo olune-copper stranded, ububanzi obufanelekileyo: onke amanqanaba ombane, ingakumbi i-110kV nangaphezulu kwe-lead;

(5) Umbhobho wobhedu, ububanzi bokusetyenziswa: 220kV nangaphezulu kwe-transformer lead.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgama owaneleyo wokugquma, i-lead ngokusebenzisa iplanga le-laminate, i-cardboard insulation, kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza kombane, amandla oomatshini, ukunyuka kobushushu. Ukukhethwa kwee-lead kusekwe kumandla ombane kunye namandla oomatshini, kunye nokunyuka kobushushu be-short-circuit kunye nokunyuka kobushushu bomthwalo wexesha elide kwezi nkalo onokukhetha kuzo.

02 Uqhagamshelo lwe-lead

Iifom zoqhagamshelo lwe-transformer lead zezi: i-brazing, i-gas welding, i-cold pressure welding kunye ne-bolt connection.

I-electrode yebrazing mayiyenziwe nge-phosphor copper alloy ukuze kuqhagamshelwe phakathi kwe-winding outlet kunye ne-lead kunye naphakathi kwee-leads.

Ukuwelda ngegesi kusetyenziselwa ukuwelda ucingo lwentsimbi yentsimbi kunye ne-casing ebhoboza intambo.

Ukuwelda ngoxinzelelo olubandayo kukufaka iiterminal ezimbini ezidityaniswe yilothe kwityhubhu yesinyithi, uze usebenzise isikhunta ukucinezela ityhubhu yesinyithi, iiterminal ezimbini zicinezelwe kunye. Ukuwelda ngoxinzelelo olubandayo akudingi kufudunyezwa, ukuwelda kukhuselekile, akukho welding yobuxoki, kwaye kutshiswe iilead kunye nezinye iindawo zokugquma, umgangatho wokukhupha, amandla amahle okutsalwa. Ke ngoko, ukuwelda ngoxinzelelo olubandayo yindlela ephambili yokudibanisa ilothe kwiitransformer ezinkulu.

Uqhagamshelo lwebholithi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwintambo yentsimbi edityaniswe nesingxobo sentonga yesikhokelo. Intambo yentsimbi inokuqhekeka kwaye inokubuyisela ukuphambuka kobude bentsimbi. Ngokwesiqhelo, isakhiwo sentsimbi yentsimbi egobileyo sinokwandiswa ngokukhululekileyo, okwaziwa ngokuba luqhagamshelo oluthambileyo.

03 Ukubopha i-lead

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgama wobushushu we-lead, kwaye kumelwane nokungcangcazela kunye nempembelelo yamandla ombane ngexesha lokusebenza kunye ne-short circuit ngaphandle kokutshintsha kunye nokuguquka, iindawo zokubambelela kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuqinisa i-lead.

Iindawo zokubambelela ngentsimbi kufuneka zibe namandla oomatshini aneleyo kunye namandla ombane, ngoko ke isakhiwo senxalenye yokubambelela ngentsimbi ngokubanzi sisebenzisa isakhiwo senkxaso yomthi, iindawo zokubambelela kunye neendawo zesinyithi zomzimba we-transformer ziyalungiswa, ukuze kuphuculwe amandla oomatshini eebholiti zesinyithi ezikhoyo, kodwa phakathi kweendawo zokubambelela kufuneka kulungiswe ngeebholiti ze-epoxy, kwaye kukho isixhobo esikhululekileyo. Ibhodi yokwambathisa kufuneka yongezwe ukuze kubanjwe intsimbi njengokwambathisa okongezelelweyo ukuthintela ukuba intsimbi ingaxinani.

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