Mayelana neCanwin Uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi isakhiwo sama-transformer sihlanganiswe kanjani? incwadi yomsebenzisi | Canwin

02 Ifomu lensimbi

Ingaphakathi lensimbi lakhiwe ikholomu yensimbi kanye nejoka lensimbi. Ikholomu yensimbi imbozwe ngama-windings kanti ijoka lensimbi lixhuma ikholomu yensimbi ukuze kwakheke isekethe elinozibuthe elivaliwe.

UMFANELO 1A uyi-transformer yesigaba esisodwa, UMFANELO 1B uyi-transformer yesigaba ezintathu. Isakhiwo se-iron core singahlukaniswa sibe izingxenye ezimbili, u-C uyingxenye yekhoyili, eyaziwa ngokuthi ikholomu eyinhloko. U-Y uyingxenye esetshenziselwa ukuvala isekethe yamagnetic, ebizwa ngokuthi i-iron joke. I-transformer yesigaba esisodwa inezinsika ezimbili eziyinhloko, i-transformer yesigaba ezintathu inezinsika ezintathu eziyinhloko.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-magnetic flux enkabeni yensimbi ye-transformer iyi-flux eshintshanayo, ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamanje we-eddy, i-transformer iron core ngokuvamile yenziwe ngosayizi othile we-iron chip eyenziwe nge-silicon steel sheet enokumelana okuphezulu. I-silicon steel sheet eyakhiwe i-iron core iqale inqunywe ngesimo nosayizi odingekayo, okungukuthi i-punching sheet, bese ihlanganiswa ne-punching sheet ngendlela ehambisanayo. Isithombe 2A sibonisa i-iron core ye-single-phase transformer. Isendlalelo ngasinye siqukethe amashidi angu-4 angenalutho. I-FIG. 2b ibonisa i-iron core ye-transformer yesigaba ezintathu, isendlalelo ngasinye sakhiwe yizicucu ezingu-6, futhi inhlanganisela yezicucu ze-punch zezendlalelo ezimbili ngayinye isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlela ukuze kuhambisane i-joint ye-magnetic circuit yesendlalelo ngasinye. Le ndlela yokuhlanganisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-overlapping assembly, engagwema i-eddy current egeleza phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi izendlalelo zixhumene futhi zifakwe ngaphakathi, kungasetshenziswa izinamathiselo ezimbalwa ukwenza isakhiwo sibe lula lapho i-core icindezelwa. Uma kuhlanganiswa, izingcezu ze-punch ziqala zihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze zakhe umongo wensimbi ophelele, bese kuba ne-joki engezansi eboshelwe, izingcezu ze-joki engenhla zikhishwa ukuze kuvezwe ikholomu yomongo wensimbi, ama-windings alungiselelwe kusengaphambili abekwa kukholamu yomongo wensimbi, bese ekugcineni kufakwa izingcezu ze-joki engenhla ezidonswe phezulu.

Ngokusho kokuhlelwa kokugoba enkabeni, i-transformer ihlukaniswe phakathi kwe-core kanye ne-shell type ezimbili. Umehluko ukhona kakhulu ekusatshalalisweni kwesekethe yamagnetic, i-shell transformer core joke izungeze i-coil, i-core transformer core engxenyeni enkulu ye-coil, ingxenye kuphela ye-coil engaphandle kwe-iron jock, esetshenziselwa ukwakha i-magnetic loop.

03 Ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kwe-iron core

Uma i-transformer isebenza ngendlela evamile, i-iron core izokhiqiza ukushisa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yinsimbi, futhi uma isisindo nomthamo we-iron core mkhulu, kuzokhiqizwa ukushisa okwengeziwe. Izinga lokushisa likawoyela we-transformer elingaphezu kwama-degrees angu-95 kulula ukuliguga, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lobuso obuphakathi kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kwaleli zinga lokushisa ngangokunokwenzeka, okudinga isakhiwo sokushisa kwe-core ukuze kukhishwe ngokushesha ukushisa kwe-core. Isakhiwo sokushisa ikakhulukazi sikhulisa ubuso bokushisa kwe-core. Ukushabalalisa ukushisa kwe-iron core ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa ukushabalalisa ukushisa kwesiteshi samafutha e-iron core kanye nokushabalalisa ukushisa komoya we-iron core.

Kuma-transformer acwiliswe ngamafutha amakhulu, imigoqo kawoyela ivame ukufakwa phakathi kwama-laminate e-iron core ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokushabalalisa ukushisa. Umgoqo kawoyela uhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili, enye ihambisana neshidi lensimbi le-silicon kanti enye iqonde ngqo eshidini lensimbi, njengoba kuboniswe ku-FIG. 4. Ukuhlelwa kokugcina kunomphumela wokushabalalisa ukushisa ongcono, kodwa isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ingaphakathi lensimbi le-transformer eyomile lipholiswa umoya. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokushisa lengaphakathi lensimbi alidluli inani elivunyelwe, ipayipi lomoya livame ukufakwa kukholamu yensimbi kanye nejoka lensimbi.

04 Umsindo wensimbi eyinhloko

Ama-transformer akhiqiza umsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Umthombo womsindo we-transformer yi-magnetostriction yeshidi lensimbi ye-silicon eliyinhloko yensimbi, noma umsindo we-transformer core ubangelwa yi-magnetostriction. I-Magnetostriction ibhekisela ekukhuleni kosayizi weshidi lensimbi ye-silicon emgqeni wokungenisa amandla kazibuthe lapho i-iron core ivuselelwa. Usayizi weshidi lensimbi ye-silicon uyancipha ngendlela eqondile emgqeni wokungenisa amandla kazibuthe, obizwa ngokuthi i-magnetostriction. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo kanye nosayizi wejiyometri we-iron core, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula nokukhiqiza be-iron core kuzoba nethonya elithile ezingeni lomsindo.

Izinga lomsindo we-iron core lingancishiswa ngalezi zinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezilandelayo:

(1) Sebenzisa ishidi lensimbi le-silicon elisezingeni eliphezulu elinenani elincane le-magnetostrictive ε.

(2) Nciphisa ukuminyana kwe-magnetic flux ye-core.

(3) Thuthukisa isakhiwo senhliziyo yensimbi.

(4) Khetha usayizi ofanele we-core.

(5) Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula obuthuthukisiwe.

05 Ukusikwa kwensimbi eyinhloko

Ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-transformer, insimu kagesi eyakhiwe phakathi kwama-windings kagesi kanye nama-lead kanye nethangi likawoyela iyinsimu kagesi engalingani, kanti i-iron core kanye nezingxenye zayo zensimbi zikule nsimu kagesi. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla okungenisa kagesi aqinile awafani, ngakho-ke amandla okumiswa kwe-iron core kanye nezingxenye zayo zensimbi awafani, lapho umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili ungaphula i-insulation phakathi kwawo, kuzokhiqizwa i-spark discharge. Lokhu kukhipha kungaphula i-oyela ye-transformer futhi kulimaze i-insulation eqinile. Ukuze kugwenywe lokhu, i-core kanye nezingxenye zayo zensimbi kumele zisekelwe ngokuqinile.

Ingqikithi kumele isekelwe endaweni eyodwa. Uma ingqikithi yensimbi noma ezinye izingxenye zensimbi zinamaphuzu amabili noma amaphuzu angaphezu kwamabili okusekelwa, indawo engaphansi komhlaba izokwakha iluphu evaliwe, ukwakheka kokujikeleza kwegazi, ugesi ngezinye izikhathi ungaphakama ufike kumashumi, kuzobangela ukushisa kakhulu kwendawo, kuholele ekuboleni kwamafutha, kungenza futhi i-grounding element fuse, kushise ingqikithi yensimbi, lokhu akuvunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, ingqikithi kumele isekelwe, futhi isekelwe kancane.

II. Isakhiwo sokugoqa i-transformer

Umsebenzi we-01 winding

Ukugoqa kuyingxenye eyisisekelo kakhulu ye-transformer, ukusungulwa kwensimu kazibuthe kanye nokudluliswa kwengxenye yesekethe yamandla kagesi, ngokuvamile egoqwe ngephepha elivikelayo ucingo lwethusi noma inxeba lentambo ye-aluminium, bese ifakwa kukholomu yenhloko ye-transformer. Inhloko ye-transformer kufanele ibe namandla okuvikela anele, amandla okusebenza kanye nokumelana nokushisa.

Uhlobo lokugoqa

Isakhiwo sokugoqa i-transformer singahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: isakhiwo sesendlalelo kanye nesakhiwo sekhekhe. Isakhiwo sesendlalelo sibhekisela ekutheni ukujika kokugoqa eceleni kwe-axis yaso kuhlelwe njalo, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ochungechungeni lwe-S8 kanye ne-S9 lwama-transformer anamandla okulahlekelwa aphansi; Isakhiwo sekhekhe sibhekisela ekutheni ukujika kokugoqa kugoqwa njalo kube yikhekhe (ingxenye) eceleni kwesiqondiso salo esiqondile, bese kwakhiwa amakhekhe amaningi ahlelwe eceleni kwesiqondiso se-axial. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuma-transformer amakhulu namakhulu kakhulu ane-voltage ephezulu engu-110kV nangaphezulu.

Ngokuyisisekelo, ukugoqana kwama-transformer kagesi akhiqizwa eShayina kusebenzisa isakhiwo esiqinile. Ukugoqana okuqinile kusho ukuthi ukugoqana kusongwe ngaphandle kwekholomu eyinhloko ngomugqa ofanayo wesilinda kunoma yisiphi isigaba sekholomu eyinhloko. Kumelwe kube negebe elithile lokufakelwa kanye nesiteshi sokusabalalisa ukushisa (isiteshi samafutha) phakathi kokugoqana kwama-voltage aphezulu naphansi naphakathi kokugoqana kwama-voltage aphansi kanye nekholomu eyinhloko yensimbi, ehlukaniswe ngethubhu lekhadibhodi elifakwe ugesi. Ibanga lokufakelwana lincike ezingeni le-voltage lokugoqana kanye nendawo edingekayo yisiteshi sokusabalalisa ukushisa. Lapho ukugoqana kwama-voltage aphansi kufakwa ngaphakathi eduze kwekholomu eyinhloko, ibanga lokufakelwana elidingekayo phakathi kwayo nekholomu eyinhloko lincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke usayizi wokugoqana ungancishiswa, futhi usayizi ophelele we-transformer nawo uyancishiswa.

I-transformer egoqayo emithathu ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ohlelweni lwamandla. Ukusebenzisa i-transformer egoqayo emithathu ukuxhuma uhlelo lokudlulisa ngama-voltage amathathu ahlukene kuyonga kakhulu, kuthatha indawo encane futhi kunokulungiswa nokuphathwa okulula kakhulu kunokusebenzisa ama-transformer amabili avamile. I-transformer egoqayo emithathu enezigaba ezintathu ivame ukusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-YY-△, okungukuthi, ama-windings ayinhloko nawesibili axhumano lwe-Y, kanti i-winding yesithathu ingu-△, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso XX. △ uxhumano ngokwalo luyi-loop evaliwe, ngesigaba esifanayo somsinga wesithathu we-harmonic, ukuze uxhumano lwe-Y oluyinhloko, oluphindwe kabili lungabonakali ku-voltage yesithathu ye-harmonic. Ngale ndlela lunikeza iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi eziyinhloko nezesibili. Kuhlelo lokudlulisa olude, i-winding yesithathu ingaxhunywa nekhamera ehambisanayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isici samandla somugqa.

III. Isakhiwo se-lead ye-transformer

01 Izinto zomthofu kanye nokuhlukaniswa

Ama-windings e-transformer axhunywe ngaphandle ekugcineni kwentambo okuholelayo abizwa ngokuthi i-lead, ngokusebenzisa i-lead kuya ku-transformer yokufaka amandla kagesi yangaphandle, kodwa futhi nangokudluliswa kwe-lead ekuphumeni kwamandla kagesi kusuka ku-transformer kuya ngaphandle.

Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-lead ikakhulukazi:

(1) ucingo oluyinhloko oluxhunywe ekugcineni kocingo olugoqayo kanye nebhokisi;

(2) ukuxhumanisa ama-lead phakathi kweziphetho ezigoqekayo;

(3) ukuthepha okugoqekayo kuxhunywe ngocingo lokuthepha oluxhunywe neswishi

Izinto zokuhola ngokuvamile ziyi:

(1) Ibha yethusi engenalutho, ububanzi obufanele: 10kV class 6300kVA kanye ne-transformer engaphansi;

(2) Ibha yethusi eligoqwe ngephepha eliyindilinga, ububanzi obufanele: 10 ~ 35kV i-transformer encane enamandla;

(3) Ibha yethusi engenalutho, ububanzi obufanele: 10kV kanye nama-lead angaphansi kwe-voltage ephansi;

(4) Ucingo oluboshwe ngethusi, ububanzi obufanele: wonke amazinga kagesi, ikakhulukazi i-110kV nangaphezulu kwe-lead;

(5) Ipayipi yethusi, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: 220kV nangaphezulu kwe-transformer lead.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ibanga elanele lokuvikela, umsizi odlula ngokhuni lwe-laminate, umsizi wekhadibhodi, kumele uhlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza kukagesi, amandla omshini, ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa. Ukukhethwa komsizi kusekelwe emandleni kagesi kanye namandla omshini, kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa le-short-circuit kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lomthwalo wesikhathi eside lezi zici ongakhetha kuzo.

02 Ukuxhumeka kwe-lead

Izindlela zokuxhumanisa i-lead ye-transformer yilezi: i-brazing, i-gas welding, i-cold pressure welding kanye ne-bolt connection.

I-electrode ye-brazing kumele yenziwe nge-phosphor copper alloy ukuze kuxhunywe phakathi kwe-winding outlet kanye ne-lead kanye naphakathi kwe-leads.

Ukushisela ngegesi kusetshenziselwa ukushisela ucingo lwensimbi oluyi-lead kanye ne-casing ebhoboza ikhebula.

Ukushisela ngomfutho obandayo kuwukufaka ama-terminal amabili axhunywe yi-lead epayipini lensimbi, bese usebenzisa isikhunta ukucindezela ipayipi lensimbi, ama-terminal amabili acindezelwe ndawonye. Ukushisela ngomfutho obandayo akudingi ukufudumeza, ukushisela kuphephile, akukho ukushisela okungamanga, kanye nokushiswa kwama-lead nezinye izingxenye zokushisa, ikhwalithi yokukhipha, amandla amahle okudonswa. Ngakho-ke, ukushisela ngomfutho obandayo kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuxhuma i-lead kuma-transformer amakhulu.

Ukuxhumeka kwebholidi kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ucingo oluyinhloko oluxhunywe nesivikelo senduku yokuqondisa. Ucingo oluyinhloko lungahlukaniswa futhi lungalungisa ukuphambuka kobude bocingo. Ngokuvamile, isakhiwo socingo olugobile singakhula ngokukhululekile, esaziwa nangokuthi uxhumano oluthambile.

03 Ukubopha kwe-lead

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ibanga lokuvikela uleya, futhi kumelwane nokudlidliza nomthelela wamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye ne-short circuit ngaphandle kokushintsha nokuguquka, izingxenye zokubopha kumele zisetshenziswe ukuqinisa uleya.

Izingxenye zokubopha umthofu kufanele zibe namandla anele omshini kanye namandla kagesi, ngakho-ke isakhiwo sezingxenye zokubopha umthofu ngokuvamile samukela isakhiwo sokusekela ukhuni, izingxenye zokubopha kanye nezingxenye zensimbi zomzimba we-transformer ziyaqiniswa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla omshini wamabholidi ensimbi atholakalayo, kodwa phakathi kwezingxenye zokubopha kumele kuqiniswe ngamabholidi e-epoxy, futhi kukhona idivayisi ekhululekile. Ibhodi lokufaka umthofu kufanele lengezwe ukuze kuqiniswe umthofu njengokufakwa komthofu okwengeziwe ukuvimbela umthofu ukuthi ungami.

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