Amanyathelo okuphucula ukumelana nombane omfutshane kwiitransformer zamandla

Isishwankathelo see-transformers zamandla

I-transformer yamandla e-elektroniki iqatshelwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yamandla e-elektroniki. ibe sisignali yamandla e-frequency, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa amaza. Ngokwamkela inkqubo efanelekileyo yokulawula ukusebenza kwesixhobo samandla e-elektroniki, amandla ombane e-frequency enye, i-voltage kunye ne-waveform anokuguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane e-frequency enye, i-voltage kunye ne-waveform. Ekubeni umthamo we-transformer yokwahlulwa okuphakathi uxhomekeke kwi-saturation magnetic flux density yezinto ze-iron core kunye nokunyuka okuphezulu okuvumelekileyo kobushushu be-iron core kunye ne-winding, kwaye i-saturation magnetic flux density ihambelana ne-frequency yokusebenza, ukwandisa i-frequency yayo yokusebenza kunokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwe-iron core efficiency, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ubungakanani be-transformer kwaye kwandise ukusebenza kwayo ngokubanzi.

2. Amanyathelo okuphucula ukumelana nombane omfutshane kwiitransformer zamandla

Ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo, okungabizi kakhulu, okuthembekileyo kunye nemveliso yeetransformer kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wazo wokuvelisa, indawo yokusebenza kunye nomgangatho wolondolozo. Esi sahluko sizama ukuphendula amanyathelo okuthintela ngempumelelo ukusilela ngequbuliso kwetransformer ngexesha lokusebenza nokugcinwa kwayo.

Igridi yamandla idla ngokuphazanyiswa yi-short-circuit ngenxa yokubetha kombane, ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukwala ukukhuselwa kwe-relay, njl. Impembelelo enamandla yombane we-short-circuit inokonakalisa i-transformer, ngoko ke kufuneka kwenziwe imizamo yokuphucula amandla okumelana ne-short-circuit ye-transformer kuzo zonke iinkalo. Iziphumo zezibalo zeengozi ze-short-circuit ezichaphazela i-transformer zibonisa ukuba izizathu zokuvelisa zimalunga ne-80%, ngelixa izizathu zokusebenza nokugcinwa zimalunga ne-10% kuphela. Amanyathelo anxulumene noyilo kunye nokuveliswa axoxwe kwiSahluko sesi-2, kwaye esi sahluko sigxile kumanyathelo ekufuneka athathwe ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa. Kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, kwelinye icala, iimpazamo ze-short-circuit kufuneka zincitshiswe, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe inani lamaxesha i-transformer echaphazeleka ngawo; kwelinye icala, ukuguqulwa kwe-transformer winding kufuneka kuvavanywe ngexesha ukuthintela iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.

(1) Uyilo lulungelelaniswe kwaye unike ingqalelo kwinkqubo yokucinezelwa kwe-axial yokwenziwa kweekhoyili. Xa uyila, umenzi akufuneki acinge kuphela ngokunciphisa ilahleko kunye nokuphucula inqanaba lokugquma kwe-transformer, kodwa acinge nangokuphucula amandla oomatshini kunye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka kwesiphazamiso se-transformer. Ngokuphathelele inkqubo yokuvelisa, ekubeni ii-transformer ezininzi zisebenzisa iipleyiti zoxinzelelo zokukhusela, kwaye iikhoyili ze-voltage ephezulu nephantsi zabelana ngepleyiti yoxinzelelo, olu lwakhiwo lufuna inqanaba eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa, kwaye ii-pad kufuneka zixinaniswe. Yomisa ikhoyili enye kuxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo, kwaye ulinganise ukuphakama kwekhoyili emva kokucinezelwa; emva kokuba ikhoyili nganye yepleyiti yoxinzelelo efanayo icutshungulwe yile nkqubo ingentla, ilungiswa ibe kubude obufanayo, kwaye isixhobo se-hydraulic sisetyenziselwa ukufaka uxinzelelo oluchaziweyo kwikhoyili ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa kokugqibela. Fikelela kubude boyilo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo. Kwindibano ngokubanzi, ukongeza ekunikeni ingqalelo ekucinezelweni kwekhoyili ye-voltage ephezulu, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe kulawulo lokucinezelwa kwekhoyili ye-voltage ephantsi.

(2) Yenza uvavanyo lwe-short-circuit kwi-transformer ukuze uthintele ukuba ingenzeki ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke. Ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwee-transformer ezinkulu kuxhomekeke kuqala kwisakhiwo sayo kunye nenqanaba lenkqubo yokuvelisa, kwaye okwesibini kuvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lwezixhobo ngexesha lokusebenza ukuze kuqondwe iimeko zokusebenza kwezixhobo ngexesha. Ukuze uqonde uzinzo loomatshini be-transformer, kunokwenzeka ukuphucula amakhonkco ayo abuthathaka ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-short-circuit ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla olwakhiwo lwe-transformer ayilwe ngokuqinisekileyo.

(3) Sebenzisa ukhuselo oluthembekileyo lwe-relay kunye nenkqubo yokuvala ngokuzenzekelayo. Ingozi ye-short-circuit kwinkqubo yingozi abantu abazama ukuyiphepha kodwa abanakuyiphepha ngokupheleleyo, ingakumbi umgca we-10KV unokubangela ingozi ye-short-circuit ngenxa yokusebenza kakubi, ukungena kwezilwanyana ezincinci, amandla angaphandle kunye noxanduva lomsebenzisi. Ke ngoko, kwi-transformer eqalisiweyo ukusebenza, kufuneka kuqala ixhotyiswe ngombane we-DC othembekileyo wenkqubo yokukhusela, kwaye iqinisekise ukuchaneka kwesenzo sokukhusela. Xa idibene nemeko yangoku yokuba amandla e-short-circuit angaphandle e-transformer ayasebenza kakuhle, izinto ezingathandekiyo kufuneka zibonwe ngokuvala ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ukunyanzeliswa emva kokuba inkqubo ikhubeke, kungenjalo ngamanye amaxesha iya kwenza umonakalo we-transformer ube mandundu kwaye ilahlekelwe nalithuba lokulungiswa kwakhona. Okwangoku, amanye amasebe asebenzayo arhoxisile ukusetyenziswa kwe-reclosing kwimigca engaphezulu yendawo ekufutshane (njengaphakathi kwe-2km) okanye imigca yekhebula ngokwethuba lokuba impazamo ye-short-circuit ingasuswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngephanyazo, okanye yandise ngokufanelekileyo ixesha eliphakathi kokuvalwa ukuze kuncitshiswe iingxaki ezibangelwa kukungaphumeleli kokuvala kwakhona. Ingozi yokukhubeka kwe-short-circuit kufuneka yenziwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

(4) Yenza uvavanyo lokuguquguquka kwesimo semoto kunye nokuchonga ii-transformer windings. Ngokwesiqhelo, emva kokuba i-transformer ichatshazelwe yi-short-circuit fault current, i-winding iya kuba ne-deformation encinci, kwaye nokuba ayonakalanga kwangoko, inokushiya ingxaki enkulu efihliweyo. Okokuqala, umgama we-insulation uya kutshintsha kwaye i-insulation eqinileyo iya konakala, nto leyo ebangela ukukhutshwa okungaphelelanga. Xa udibana ne-lightning overvoltage, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho i-inter-turn kunye ne-inter-cake breakdown, nto leyo ebangela iingozi ze-insulation ngequbuliso. Nokuba phantsi kwe-voltage eqhelekileyo yokusebenza, iingozi ze-insulation breakdown zinokubangelwa yimpembelelo yexesha elide yokukhutshwa okungaphelelanga.

Ngoko ke, ukuqhuba ngenkuthalo ukufumanisa ukuguquguquka kwe-transformer winding, ukufumanisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ii-transformer ezineziphene, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-hood okucwangcisiweyo akunakusindisa nje kuphela abasebenzi abaninzi kunye nezixhobo eziphathekayo, kodwa kukwadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni iingozi ze-transformer.

Ukusasazwa kwe-zero kunye ne-pole yomsebenzi wokudlulisa i-H(jw) (oko kukuthi, uphawu lwempendulo ye-frequency) lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nezixhobo kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano kwinethiwekhi yee-port ezimbini. Inani elikhulu leziphumo zophando lovavanyo lubonisa ukuba ii-transformer windings zihlala zineendawo ezininzi ze-resonance kuluhlu lwee-frequency ze-10KZ~1MHZ. Xa i-frequency ingaphantsi kwe-10KHZ, i-inductance ye-winding idlala indima enkulu, i-resonance point idla ngokuba ncinci, kwaye ayivani kangako notshintsho lwe-distributed capacitance; xa i-frequency idlula i-1 MHZ, i-inductance ye-winding igqithwa yi-distributed capacitance, kwaye i-resonance point nayo iya kuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo, ingavani kangako notshintsho kwi-inductance, kwaye njengoko i-frequency isanda, i-stray capacitance ye-test loop (i-lead) nayo iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwiziphumo zovavanyo.

Ngenxa yokuba umvavanyi wokuguqulwa kwe-transformer winding deformation ubiza kakhulu kwaye ufuna abasebenzi abakumgangatho ophezulu, akulula ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwimveliso nakwimisebenzi. Ke ngoko, kumsebenzi wokwenyani, indlela yokugweba ukuba i-winding ikhubazekile ngokwenguqu ye-transformer winding capacitance ingasetyenziswa njengesongezelelo esiluncedo kwindlela yempendulo ye-frequency. Ingakumbi xa indlela yempendulo ye-frequency ingenazo iimeko, imeko yokusebenza ye-transformer winding inokuqondwa ngexesha ngokuthelekisa i-capacitance eqokelelweyo elinganisiweyo ngokuthe tye nangokuthe nkqo, ukuze kuncitshiswe amathuba eengozi kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuzinzileyo kwegridi yamandla.

(5) Qinisa uhlolo ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kwesiza, kwaye usebenzise inkqubo yokukhusela i-short-circuit ethembekileyo. Xa ufaka i-transformer kwindawo, ulwakhiwo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo kunye neenkcukacha zomenzi, umgangatho kufuneka ulawulwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze kususwe iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ezifunyenweyo. Abasebenzi bokusebenza nokugcinwa kufuneka bomeleze uhlolo kunye nokugcinwa kunye nolawulo lwewaranti ye-transformer ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-transformer ikwimeko elungileyo yokusebenza, kwaye bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukunciphisa amathuba okuba kubekho iimpazamo ze-short-circuit kwindawo yokuphuma nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ukuze kuthintelwe impazamo ye-short-circuit yenkqubo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwii-transformers eziqalisiweyo ukusebenza, kuqala zixhobise inkqubo ye-DC ethembekileyo yenkqubo yokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesenzo sokukhusela; Itekhnoloji yovavanyo lwendlela yokuphendula rhoqo ilinganisa imeko ye-transformer emva kokuba ichatshazelwe kukukhubeka kwe-short-circuit, kwaye ijonga ngabom i-hood ngokweziphumo zovavanyo, ezinokuthintela ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kweengozi ezinkulu.

Ukuba i-transformer iyakwazi ukumelana nemisinga eyahlukeneyo yesekethe emfutshane kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-transformer, kwaye inobudlelwane obuhle nolawulo lokusebenza, iimeko zokusebenza kunye nenqanaba lobuchwepheshe bokwakha. Ingozi yesekethe emfutshane ye-transformer iyingozi kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yegridi yamandla. Ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi, amanyathelo olawulo asebenzayo kufuneka athathwe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuzinzileyo kwe-transformers kunye neenkqubo zegridi yamandla.