Umgaqo, ulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kokhuseleko lwegesi ye-transformer

1. Yintoni igesi?

Igesi yenziwa ngokubola kwe-cellulose kunye nezinto eziphilayo ngesenzo seebhaktheriya ezingena-anaerobic kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuqokelelwa kwamalahle zizityalo zakudala. Kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, igesi iyaqhubeka nokuveliswa ngenxa yeziphumo zomzimba nezekhemikhali ngelixa kusenziwa amalahle. Igesi yigesi engenambala, engenavumba, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha unokuvumba ivumba elifana nele-apile, elibangelwa kukukhukuliswa kwee-hydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi kunye negesi ngaxeshanye. Uxinano lwegesi emoyeni yi-0.554, kwaye uxinano lwegesi olukwimeko eqhelekileyo yi-0.716kg/m³. Ukungena kwegesi kuphindwe kayi-1.6 kunomoya. Ayinyibiliki emanzini, ayixhasi ukutsha, kwaye ayinakukwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphefumla. Inokubangela ukuba abantu bafuthaniseleke ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini, kwaye ingatsha okanye iqhume.

Izinto eziphambili zegesi zii-alkanes, apho uninzi lwazo lubalelwa kwi-methane, kunye nenani elincinci le-ethane, i-propane kunye ne-butane. Ukongeza, ngokubanzi iqulethe i-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen kunye nokufuma, kunye nezixa ezincinci zeegesi ezingasebenziyo ezifana ne-helium kunye ne-argon. Linda. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, i-methane ukuya kwi-butane ikhona kwimeko yegesi, kwaye i-pentane kunye nengaphezulu zilulwelo. Kwimeko yomlilo ovulekileyo, ingatsha, kwaye kuya kubakho ukuqhuma "kwegesi", okusongela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bemigodi.

2. Inkcazo yoKhuseleko lweGesi

Kwi-relay yokukhusela igesi, inxalenye ephezulu yi-float evaliweyo, inxalenye esezantsi yi-baffle yesinyithi, kwaye zombini zixhotyiswe nge-sealed mercury contacts. Ii-pontoons kunye ne-baffles ziyajikeleza malunga nee-axes zazo. Ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, i-relay izaliswa yioyile, i-buoy intywiliselwa kwi-oyile, kwindawo yokudada, kwaye i-mercury contact iyaqhawuka; i-baffle iyawa ngenxa yobunzima bayo, kwaye i-mercury contact yayo nayo iyaqhawuka. Xa kukho impazamo encinci ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, igesi iveliswa kancinci, kwaye igesi iqala iqokelele kwindawo ephezulu ye-gas relay endleleni eya kwi-oil conservator, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inqanaba leoyile lehle, kwaye i-buoy yehle ukuze ivale i-mercury contact, kunye ne-on-time delay Signal, le yi-"light gas" ebizwa ngokuba yi-"light gas"; Xa kukho impazamo enkulu ngaphakathi kwi-transformer, kuvela igesi enamandla, kwaye uxinzelelo olukwitanki yeoyile luyanda ngoko nangoko, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ukuhamba kweoyile okukhulu okuchaphazela icala lomqamelo weoyile, kuba ukuhamba kweoyile kuchaphazela i-baffle. I-baffle iyoyisa ukumelana kwentwasahlobo, iqhube imagnethi ukuba ihambe kwicala le-spring contact, ivale i-mercury contact, ivule i-trip circuit, ize ikhube i-circuit breaker. Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-"heavy gas". I-heavy gas action, ngoko nangoko inqumla onke amandla aqhagamshelwe kwi-transformer, ukuze kuthintelwe ukwanda kwengozi, kwaye idlale indima yokukhusela i-transformer.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeereyi zegesi ezifana nohlobo lwefloat, uhlobo lwebaffle kunye nohlobo lwekomityi evulekileyo. Uninzi lwazo zisebenzisa iireyi ze-QJ-80, isekethe yesignali iqhagamshelwe kwikomityi evulekileyo, kwaye isekethe yokuhamba iqhagamshelwe kwi-baffle. Isenzo sesignali yokukhusela igesi sithetha ukuba unxibelelwano lwesekethe yesignali yekomityi evulekileyo ephezulu kwireyi ivaliwe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kwaye isibane sepleyiti yokukhanya sivuliwe.

Imigaqo icacisa oku: Kwii-transformers ezintywilisiweyo kwioyile ezinomthamo we-800kVA nangaphezulu kunye nee-transformers ezintywilisiweyo kwioyile ezinomthamo we-400kVA nangaphezulu, kufuneka kufakwe ukhuseleko lwegesi.

3. Uhlu lokhuseleko lwegesi

Ukhuseleko lwegesi ngokubanzi lwahlulwe kabini: igesi ekhaphukhaphu kunye negesi enzima.

1. Ukhuseleko lwegesi ekhaphukhaphu: I-transformer ishushu kakhulu okanye ikhutshwa kancinci, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubushushu beoyile ye-transformer bunyuke, nto leyo evelisa inani elithile legesi, eqokelelwa kwi-relay, kwaye xa kufikelelwe kwinani elithile, i-relay iyavuselelwa kwaye kuthunyelwa isignali.

2. Ukhuseleko olunzima lwegesi: Emva kokuba kwenzeke i-short circuit enkulu kwi-transformer, iya kuba nefuthe kwi-transformer oil, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukuhamba kweoyile ethile kukhawuleze kuphazamise i-relay kunye nokukhubeka.

4. Ububanzi bokukhusela ukhuseleko lwegesi

Ukhuseleko lwegesi lolona khuselo luphambili lwe-transformer, lunokubonakalisa zonke iimpazamo ezikwitanki. Kubandakanya: i-multi-phase short circuit kwi-fuel tank, i-short circuit phakathi kokujika kwe-wind, i-short circuit phakathi kwe-winding kunye ne-iron core okanye i-casing, ukungaphumeleli kwe-iron core, ukuhla kwenqanaba leoyile okanye ukuvuza kweoyile, ukunxibelelana okubi kwe-tap changer okanye i-wire welding embi, njl. Isenzo sokukhusela igesi siyakhawuleza, sinobuthathaka kwaye sithembekile, kwaye isakhiwo silula. Nangona kunjalo, asinakubonakalisa iimpazamo ze-external circuit yetanki yeoyile (njenge-lead wire), ngoko ke asinakusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokukhusela sodwa ukukhusela iimpazamo zangaphakathi ze-transformer. Ukongeza, ukhuseleko lwegesi lukwachaphazeleka kukungasebenzi kakuhle phantsi kokuphazamiseka kwezinye izinto zangaphandle (ezifana neenyikima).

I-Buchholz relay yeswitshi yokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer on-load inomsebenzi ofanayo ne-Buchholz relay ye-transformer ephambili, eneendawo ezahlukeneyo zokufakela kunye neemodeli ezahlukeneyo.

Ezintlanu, indlela yokufaka yokukhusela

I-Buchholz relay ifakwe kumbhobho odibanisayo ukusuka kwi-transformer ukuya kwi-oyile conservator. Ngexesha lokufakelwa, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe oku kulandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, vala ivalvu yebhabhathane kwipayipi yegesi ejikeleziswayo. Ukuba ivalvu yebhabhathane ayivalwanga kakuhle okanye kukho ezinye iimeko, ioyile ekwipilo yeoyile ingasuswa amanzi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukuba ioyile eninzi ingaphuphumi ngexesha lomsebenzi.

2. Ngaphambi kokufaka i-gas relay entsha, jonga ukuba kukho isatifikethi sokuhlola na, ukuba i-caliber kunye nesantya sokuhamba zichanekile na, nokuba iindawo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zonakele na, ukuba kukho ukubopha okwethutyana ngaphakathi, kufuneka zisuswe, kwaye ekugqibeleni jonga ukusebenza kwe-buoy, i-baffle, i-signal kunye ne-trip contact. Ngaba ithembekile, kwaye uvale ivalvu ephuma igazi.

3. I-relay yegesi kufuneka ifakwe ngokuthe tye, kwaye ulwalathiso lotolo oluphawulwe kwisiciko esiphezulu lukhomba kumqamelo weoyile. Kwiprojekthi, ulwalathiso lwe-line axis ye-relay luvunyelwe ukuba lube phezulu kancinci ekupheleni komqamelo weoyile, kodwa ukuthambekela ukusuka kwindawo ethe tye akufanele kudlule i-4%.

4. Vula ivalvu yebhabhathane ukuze uzalise i-relay yegesi ngeoyile, uze ukhulule umoya kwivalvu yokukhupha umoya emva kokuzalisa ngeoyile. Ukuba umqamelo weoyile unekhaphu, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe indlela yokuzalisa nokukhuculula ioyile ukuze kuncitshiswe kwaye kuthintelwe igesi ukungena kumqamelo weoyile.

5. Xa usebenzisa iingcingo zokukhusela, kuyimfuneko ukuthintela uqhagamshelo olungalunganga kunye nokujikeleza okufutshane, ukuthintela ukusebenza okuphilayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye uthintele intonga yokuqhuba ukuba ingajikelezi kunye nentloko encinci yeporcelain ekuvuzeni ioyile.

6. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukusebenza, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lokushukuma kwe-insulation kunye novavanyo lokudlulisela.

6. Izinto zokuvavanya ii-relay zegesi

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokuhlola kunye nezinto zovavanyo kufuneka zenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe kwaye kusetyenziswe i-gas relay:

1. Izinto zokuhlola ngokubanzi:

Ifestile yeglasi, ivalvu yokukhulula umoya, inaliti yokulawula kunye nesiphelo sokuphuma kwe-lead azinawo kwaphela ukuvuza kweoyile, kwaye i-float, ikomityi evulekileyo, ifestile yeglasi, njl. azinazo kwaphela iintanda.

2. Izinto zovavanyo

2.1. Uvavanyo lokutywina: uvavanyo lokuvuza kweoyile iyonke (uxinzelelo yi-20mPa, ubude yiyure e-1), akufuneki kubekho ukuvuza.

2.2. Uvavanyo lwamandla okugquma isiphelo sendlela: I-voltage yamandla phakathi kwesiphelo sendlela ephumayo kunye nesiphelo sendlela ephumayo yi-2000v umzuzu o-1. Ukumelana nokugquma isiphelo sendlela kunokulinganiswa nge-megohmmeter ye-2500v. Ukumelana nokugquma isiphelo sendlela kufuneka kube ngaphezulu kwe-300mΩ.

2.3. Uvavanyo lobungakanani bentshukumo yegesi ekhaphukhaphu: xa umoya oyi-250∽300cm3 uqokelelene kwiqokobhe, igesi ekhaphukhaphu kufuneka isebenze ngokuthembekileyo.

2.4. Uvavanyo lwesantya sokuhamba kwegesi enzima.

7. Ukuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla

Imigaqo yokusebenza kwe-Power transformer DL/T572-95 (ebizwa ngokuba "yimimiselo" apha) ichaza ukuba ekuhlolweni kwemihla ngemihla kwee-transformers, into yokuqala ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kukuba ingaba kukho igesi kwi-gas relay, kwaye ukuhlolwa kwegesi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo la manqaku alandelayo:

1. Ivalvu kumbhobho wokudibanisa we-relay yegesi kufuneka ibe kwindawo evulekileyo.

2. Isixhobo sokuphefumla se-transformer kufuneka sibe kwimeko yokusebenza eqhelekileyo.

3. Isixhobo sokudibanisa esikhusela igesi kufuneka sifakwe ngokuchanekileyo.

4. Inqanaba leoyile yomqamelo weoyile kufuneka libe kwindawo efanelekileyo, kwaye i-relay igcwele ioyile.

5. Isigqubuthelo esingangeni manzi se-relay yegesi kufuneka siqine.

6. Iiterminal ze-relay akufuneki zityibilize ioyile, kwaye mazikwazi ukuthintela ukungena kwemvula, ikhephu kunye nothuli. Umbane kunye nesekethe yawo yesibini kufuneka zibe neendlela zokuthintela amanzi, ezithintela ioyile kunye nezokulwa nokuqandisa, kwaye mazingabi namanzi kwaye zithintele ioyile entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Isibhozo, ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwegesi

Xa i-transformer isebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo, i-Buchholz relay isebenza ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ngokuphathelele imeko yokusebenza kwe-Buchholz relay, le migaqo inemiqathango elandelayo:

1. Xa i-transformer isebenza, ukhuseleko lwegesi kufuneka luqhagamshelwe kwisignali kunye ne-trip, kwaye ukhuseleko lwegesi lwe-tap-changer ekulayishweni kufuneka luqhagamshelwe kwi-trip.

2. Xa i-transformer yenza lo msebenzi ulandelayo ngexesha lokusebenza, ukhuseleko lwegesi enzima kufuneka luqhagamshelwe kwakhona kwisignali:

2.1. Xa usebenzisa i-circuit breaker enye ukulawula ii-transformer ezimbini, xa enye yazo idluliselwa kwi-standby, i-standby transformer kufuneka iqhagamshelwe kwakhona kwisignali.

2.2. Xa ucoca ioyile, uphinda uzalise ioyile, utshintshe ipompo yeoyile engaphantsi komhlaba okanye utshintshe i-adsorbent ye-oyile purifier uze uvule kwaye uvale ivalve kumbhobho wokudibanisa we-gas relay.

2.3. Xa usebenza ekukhuseleni igesi kunye nesekethe yayo yesibini.

2.4. Ngaphandle kwesampuli yeoyile kunye nevalvu yokukhulula umoya ekwinxalenye ephezulu ye-Buchholz relay, vula i-air release, i-oil drain kunye neevalvu zokungenisa ioyile kuzo zonke ezinye iindawo.

2.5. Xa inqanaba leoyile yegeyiji yenqanaba leoyile linyuka ngokungaqhelekanga okanye inkqubo yokufunxa nokufunxa ineziganeko ezingaqhelekanga, kuyimfuneko ukuvula ivalvu yokukhupha umoya okanye yokukhupha ioyile.

3. Ngexesha lokuqikelela inyikima, indlela yokusebenza yokukhusela igesi enzima kufuneka imiselwe ngokweemeko ezithile zetransformer kunye nokusebenza kwenyikima kwereyi yegesi. Iitransformer ezingasebenziyo ngenxa yesenzo sokukhusela igesi enzima ngenxa yenyikima kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zivavanywe ngaphambi kokuba ziqaliswe ukusebenza, kwaye zinokuqaliswa ukusebenza kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga.

9. Izizathu zesenzo sokukhusela igesi

1. Izizathu zokusebenza kwegesi ekhaphukhaphu

1.1. Umoya ungena kwi-transformer ngenxa yesihluzo seoyile esingalunganga, inkqubo yokuzalisa amafutha okanye yokupholisa.

1.2. Inqanaba leoyile liphantsi kune-gas relay light gas buoy ngenxa yokwehla kobushushu okanye ukuvuza kweoyile

1.3. Ubungakanani obuncinci begesi buveliswa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwetransformer

1.4. I-transformer inesiphako se-short-circuit esidlulayo. Phantsi kwesenzo somsinga we-fault ongenayo, isantya sokuhamba kweoyile phakathi kwezithuba zeoyile siyakhawuleza. Xa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi komsantsa weoyile kunye nomphandle we-winding utshintsha kakhulu, i-gas relay isenokungasebenzi kakuhle. Umsinga we-fault odlulayo ubangela ukuba isenzo se-winding sishushu. Xa i-fault current eninzi inkulu, ubushushu be-winding bunyuka ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umthamo weoyile wande, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-gas relay ingasebenzi kakuhle.

1.5, ukusilela kokudluliselwa kwegesi okanye ukusilela kwesekethe yesibini.

Ezi zinto zingasentla zinokubangela ukuba isignali yokukhusela igesi isebenze.

10. Unyango emva kwesenzo sokukhusela igesi

1. Emva kokuba isixhobo sokukhusela igesi esiguqulwayo sisebenza, kufuneka sihlolwe ngononophelo, sihlalutywe ngononophelo, kwaye sigwetywe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye amanyathelo afanele athathwe ngoko nangoko.

A. Xa isignali yokukhusela igesi isebenza, jonga i-transformer ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane unobangela wesenzo, nokuba sibangelwa kukuqokelelwa komoya, ukwehla kwenqanaba leoyile, impazamo yesekethe yesibini okanye impazamo yangaphakathi ye-transformer ephezulu. Ukuba kukho igesi kwi-relay yegesi, bhala phantsi ubungakanani begesi, jonga umbala wegesi kwaye uvavanye ukuba ingaba iyatsha na, kwaye uthathe iisampulu zegesi kunye neoyile ukuze kuhlalutywe i-chromatographic. Uhlobo lwempazamo ye-transformer lunokuqinisekiswa ngokwemigaqo nezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo. Uhlalutyo lwe-chromatographic lubhekisa kuhlalutyo lomgangatho kunye nolwamanani lwe-hydrogen, i-oxygen, i-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-methane, i-ethane, i-ethylene, i-acetylene kunye nezinye iigesi ezikwigesi eqokelelweyo usebenzisa i-chromatograph. Misela ngokuchanekileyo uhlobo, indlela yophuhliso, kunye nobunzima bokusilela.

B. Ukuba igesi ekwi-gas relay ayinambala, ayinavumba kwaye ayitshi, kwaye uhlalutyo lwe-chromatographic lugqiba ukuba ngumoya, i-transformer inokuqhubeka nokusebenza kwaye isuse isiphene sokungena komoya ngexesha.

Ukuba igesi ekwi-relay yegesi iyatsha kwaye iziphumo zohlalutyo lwe-chromatographic zegesi enyibilikisiweyo kwioyile aziqhelekanga, kufuneka kwenziwe isigqibo esipheleleyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-transformer ayisebenzi na.

2. Xa i-relay yeBuchholz idlula, i-transformer ayizukuqaliswa ukusebenza de kuchongwe unobangela kwaye isiphene sisuswe. Ukuze kufunyanwe izizathu, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ezi zinto zilandelayo kwaye kwenziwe isigqibo esipheleleyo.

a. Nokuba ukuphefumla akusebenzi kakuhle okanye kudiniwe;

b. Nokuba iisekethe zesibini ezifana nokhuselo kunye ne-DC ziqhelekile na;

c. Nokuba inkangeleko yetransformer inayo nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga ebonisa ngokucacileyo uhlobo lwempazamo;

d. Ingaba igesi eqokelelene kwi-relay yegesi inokutsha na;

e. Uhlalutyo lwe-chromatographic luphumela kwigesi ekwi-gas relay kunye negesi enyibilikisiweyo kwioyile;

f. Iziphumo zovavanyo lombane ezifunekayo;

g. Isenzo sezinye izixhobo zokukhusela i-relay ze-transformer.

11. Amanyathelo okhuseleko anxulumene nokukhuselwa kwegesi

Isenzo sokukhusela igesi, eso sikhanyayo sithumela isignali yesenzo sokukhusela ukukhumbuza abasebenzi bolondolozo ukuba bajongane ne-transformer ngoko nangoko; eso sinzima siphazamisa iswitshi ye-transformer, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-transformer iyeke ukusebenza ngoko nangoko, nto leyo engenakuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kombane. Amanyathelo okulwa neengozi okukhusela igesi abekwe phambili. :

1. Tshintsha i-buoy esezantsi ye-gas relay ibe yi-baffle type kunye ne-contact ibe yi-vertical type ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwe-gas action enzima.

2. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba i-relay yegesi ingaphazanyiswa yi-short-circuit ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanzi, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okumelana nemvula kwii-terminals zayo nakwiibhokisi ze-terminal ze-cable lead.

3. Intambo ekhokelayo ye-gas relay kufuneka ibe yintambo engangeni mafutha.

4. Iintambo ze-lead kunye neentambo ze-gas relay kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe kwiiterminals ezikwibhokisi ye-lead terminal ye-cable ngokulandelanayo.