Umgomo, isakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kokuvikelwa kwegesi ye-transformer

1. Kuyini igesi?

Igesi yakhiwa ngokubola kwe-cellulose nezinto eziphilayo ngesenzo samagciwane angenawo umoya esigabeni sokuqala sokuqongelela amalahle yizitshalo zasendulo. Endaweni enokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, igesi iyaqhubeka nokukhiqizwa ngenxa yemiphumela yomzimba kanye neyamakhemikhali ngenkathi kwakhiwa amalahle. Igesi iyigesi engenambala, engenaphunga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ungahogela iphunga elifana ne-apula, elibangelwa ukugeleza kwama-hydrocarbon aromatic kanye negesi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ubuningi begesi emoyeni bungu-0.554, kanti ubuningi begesi esimweni esijwayelekile bungu-0.716kg/m³. Ukungena kwegesi kuphindwe ka-1.6 kunomoya. Ayincibiliki emanzini, ayisekeli ukusha, futhi ayikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphefumula. Ingabangela abantu ukuba bacinywe umoya ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, futhi ingasha noma iqhume.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zegesi yi-alkanes, lapho iningi layo liyi-methane, kanye nenani elincane le-ethane, i-propane ne-butane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile iqukethe i-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen kanye nomswakama, kanye namanani amancane amagesi angasebenzi njenge-helium ne-argon. Linda. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-methane kuya ku-butane ikhona esimweni segesi, kanti i-pentane nangaphezulu iwuketshezi. Uma kwenzeka umlilo ovulekile, ungasha, bese kwenzeka ukuqhuma "kwegesi", okusongela ngqo ukuphepha kwabavukuzi.

2. Incazelo Yokuvikelwa Kwegesi

Ku-relay yokuvikela igesi, ingxenye engenhla iyi-float evaliwe, ingxenye engezansi iyi-baffle yensimbi, futhi zombili zihlonyiswe ngokuxhumana kwe-mercury okuvaliwe. Ama-pontoon nama-baffle azungeza nxazonke zezimbazo zawo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, i-relay igcwaliswa ngowoyela, i-buoy icwiliswa ku-oyela, endaweni yokuntanta, futhi ukuxhumana kwe-mercury kuyanqanyulwa; i-baffle iyawa ngenxa yesisindo sayo, futhi ukuxhumana kwayo ne-mercury nakho kuyanqanyulwa. Uma kukhona iphutha elincane ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, igesi ikhiqizwa kancane, futhi igesi iqala ukuqongelela esikhaleni esiphezulu se-relay yegesi endleleni eya ku-oyela conservator, okubangela ukuthi izinga likawoyela lehle, kanye ne-buoy yehle ukuze kuvalwe ukuxhumana kwe-mercury, kanye nokulibaziseka ngesikhathi Isignali, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "igesi elula"; Uma kwenzeka iphutha elikhulu ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, kukhiqizwa igesi enamandla yegesi, futhi ingcindezi ethangini likawoyela iyanda ngokushesha, okuholela ekugelezeni okukhulu kukawoyela okuthinta indlela yomcamelo kawoyela, ngoba ukugeleza kukawoyela kuthinta i-baffle. I-baffle inqoba ukumelana kwentwasahlobo, iqhubela i-magnet ukuthi ihambe ngendlela ye-spring contact, ivala i-mercury contact, ivule i-trip circuit, bese ikhuba i-circuit breaker. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "igesi esindayo". Isenzo segesi esindayo, ngokushesha sinqamule wonke amandla axhunywe ku-transformer, ukuze kugwenywe ukwanda kwengozi, futhi sidlale indima yokuvikela i-transformer.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-gas relay njengohlobo lwe-float, uhlobo lwe-baffle kanye nohlobo lwe-open cup. Iningi lawo lisebenzisa ama-QJ-80 relay, isekethe yesignali ixhunywe enkomishini evulekile, kanti isekethe yokuhamba ixhunywe enkomishini. Isenzo sesignali yokuvikela igesi esibizwa ngokuthi i-gas protection sisho ukuthi ukuxhumana kwesekethe yesignali yenkezo yokuvula ephezulu ku-relay kuvaliwe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, futhi isibani sepuleti lokukhanya sivuliwe.

Imithethonqubo ibeka: Kuma-transformer acwiliswe ngowoyela anamandla angu-800kVA nangaphezulu kanye nama-transformer acwiliswe ngowoyela anamandla angu-400kVA nangaphezulu, kufanele kufakwe isivikelo segesi.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa kokuvikelwa kwegesi

Ukuvikelwa kwegesi ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: igesi elula kanye negesi esindayo.

1. Ukuvikelwa kwegesi elula: I-transformer ishiswa kakhulu noma ikhishwa kancane, okwenza izinga lokushisa likawoyela le-transformer likhuphuke, kukhiqizwe inani elithile legesi, eliqoqwa ku-relay, futhi lapho inani elithile lifinyelelwa, i-relay iyaqala ukusebenza bese kuthunyelwa isignali.

2. Ukuvikelwa kwegesi enzima: Ngemva kokuba kwenzeke i-short circuit enkulu ku-transformer, izoba nomthelela ku-oyela we-transformer, okubangela ukuthi ukugeleza okuthile kukawoyela kugijimele ekuphazamisekeni kwe-relay bese kukhubeka.

4. Ububanzi bokuvikelwa kokuvikelwa kwegesi

Ukuvikelwa kwegesi yisivikelo esiyinhloko se-transformer, ingabonisa wonke amaphutha asethangini. Kufaka phakathi: isekethe esifushane esinezigaba eziningi ethangini likaphethiloli, isekethe esifushane phakathi kokujika okugoqekayo, isekethe esifushane phakathi kokugoqeka kanye ne-iron core noma i-casing, ukwehluleka kwe-iron core, ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela noma ukuvuza kukawoyela, ukuthintana okungekuhle kwe-tap changer noma ukushisela i-wire okubi, njll. Isenzo sokuvikela igesi siyashesha, siyazwela futhi sithembekile, futhi isakhiwo silula. Kodwa-ke, asikwazi ukukhombisa iphutha lesekethe yangaphandle yethangi likawoyela (njenge-lead wire), ngakho-ke asikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengedivayisi yokuvikela kuphela ukuvikela iphutha langaphakathi le-transformer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikelwa kwegesi nakho kuthambekele ekungasebenzi kahle ngaphansi kokuphazamiseka kwezinye izici zangaphandle (njengokuzamazama komhlaba).

I-Buchholz relay ye-transformer on-load voltage regulating switch inomsebenzi ofanayo ne-Buchholz relay ye-transformer eyinhloko, enezikhundla ezahlukene zokufaka namamodeli ahlukene.

Five, indlela yokufaka yokuvikela

I-Buchholz relay ifakiwe epayipini elixhumanisayo elisuka ku-transformer liye ku-oyili conservator. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kufanele kuqashelwe:

1. Okokuqala, vala ivalvu yebhabhathane ngokuqinile epayipini lokudlulisa igesi. Uma ivalvu yebhabhathane ingavaliwe kahle noma kunezinye izimo, uwoyela osemcamelweni kawoyela ungakhishwa uma kudingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe inani elikhulu lamafutha ukuthi lingachichimi ngesikhathi somsebenzi.

2. Ngaphambi kokufaka i-gas relay entsha, hlola ukuthi ikhona yini isitifiketi sokuhlola, ukuthi i-caliber kanye ne-flow rate zilungile yini, ukuthi izingxenye zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zonakele yini, uma kukhona ukubopha kwesikhashana ngaphakathi, kufanele kuhlukaniswe, bese ekugcineni uhlola ukusebenza kwe-buoy, i-baffle, isignali kanye nokuxhumana kwe-trip. Ingabe ithembekile, bese uvala i-valve ephuma igazi.

3. I-relay yegesi kufanele ifakwe ngokuvundlile, futhi isiqondiso somcibisholo ophawulwe esembozweni esiphezulu sikhomba kumcamelo kawoyela. Kuphrojekthi, isiqondiso se-line axis ye-relay sivunyelwe ukuba siphakame kancane ekugcineni komcamelo kawoyela, kodwa ukuthambekela okuvela endizeni evundlile akufanele kudlule u-4%.

4. Vula ivalvu yebhabhathane ukuze ugcwalise i-relay yegesi ngamafutha, bese ukhulula umoya kusuka kuvalvu yokukhipha umoya ngemva kokugcwalisa ngamafutha. Uma umcamelo wamafutha une-capsule, kufanele kunakwe indlela yokugcwalisa nokuthulula uwoyela ukuze kuncishiswe futhi kugwenywe igesi engena emcamelweni wamafutha.

5. Uma wenza izintambo zokuvikela, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuxhumana okungalungile kanye nokujikeleza okufushane, ukugwema ukusebenza bukhoma, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuvimbela induku yokudonsa ukuthi ingajikelezi kanye nekhanda elincane le-porcelain ekuvuzeni uwoyela.

6. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenza, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuthuthumela kanye nokuhlolwa kokudlulisela.

6. Izinto zokuhlola zokudluliselwa kwegesi

Izinto zokuhlola ezilandelayo kanye nezinto zokuhlola kufanele zenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe futhi kusetshenziswe i-gas relay:

1. Izinto zokuhlola ezijwayelekile:

Ifasitela lengilazi, ivalvu yokukhulula umoya, inaliti yokulawula kanye ne-lead-out terminal azinawo nhlobo ukuvuza kwamafutha, kanti i-float, indebe evulekile, ifasitela lengilazi, njll. azinawo nhlobo imifantu.

2. Izinto zokuhlola

2.1. Ukuhlolwa kokuvala: ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kwengcindezi iyonke kawoyela (ingcindezi ingu-20mPa, ubude bayo buyihora eli-1), akufanele kube khona ukuvuza.

2.2. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okufakwa kwe-terminal: I-voltage yamandla phakathi kwe-terminal ephumayo ne-terminal ephumayo ingu-2000v umzuzu owodwa. Ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation kungalinganiswa nge-megohmmeter engu-2500v. Ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation kufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-300mΩ.

2.3. Ukuhlolwa kwevolumu yesenzo segesi elula: lapho umoya ongu-250∽300cm3 uqongelelwe egobolondweni, igesi elula kufanele isebenze ngokuthembekile.

2.4. Ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokugeleza kwesenzo segesi esindayo.

7. Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke

Imithethonqubo yokusebenza kwe-Power transformer DL/T572-95 (ebizwa ngokuthi "imithethonqubo" lapha) ibeka ukuthi ekuhlolweni kwansuku zonke kwama-transformer, into yokuqala okufanele uyihlole ukuthi ngabe kukhona igesi yini ku-gas relay, futhi ukuhlolwa kwegesi kufanele kunake amaphuzu alandelayo:

1. I-valve epayipini lokuxhuma le-relay yegesi kufanele ibe sendaweni evulekile.

2. Umshini wokuphefumula we-transformer kufanele ube sesimweni sokusebenza esijwayelekile.

3. Ingxenye yokuxhumanisa yokuvikela igesi kufanele ifakwe kahle.

4. Izinga likawoyela lomcamelo kawoyela kufanele libe sesimweni esifanele, futhi i-relay igcwele uwoyela.

5. Isembozo esingangenwa manzi se-relay yegesi kumele siqine.

6. Amatheminali e-relay akufanele angene ku-oyela, futhi kufanele akwazi ukuvimbela ukungena kwemvula, iqhwa nothuli. Ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesekethe yayo yesibili kufanele kube nezindlela zokuvimbela amanzi, ezingangenisi uwoyela kanye nezingangenisi ukubanda, futhi kufanele zingangenisi amanzi futhi zingangenisi uwoyela entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Eight, ukusebenza kokuvikelwa kwegesi

Uma i-transformer isebenza ngendlela evamile, i-Buchholz relay isebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ngokuphathelene nesimo sokusebenza kwe-Buchholz relay, imithethonqubo inezinhlinzeko ezilandelayo:

1. Uma i-transformer isebenza, ukuvikelwa kwegesi kufanele kuxhunywe esiginalini nasekuhambeni, futhi ukuvikelwa kwegesi kwe-tap-changer elayishiwe kufanele kuxhunywe ohambeni.

2. Uma i-transformer yenza umsebenzi olandelayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuvikelwa kwegesi esindayo kufanele kuxhunywe kabusha esignalini:

2.1. Uma usebenzisa i-circuit breaker eyodwa ukulawula ama-transformer amabili, uma elinye lawo lidluliselwa ku-standby, i-standby transformer kufanele ixhunywe kabusha kusignali.

2.2. Lapho kuhlunga uwoyela, kugcwalisa uwoyela, kushintsha iphampu kawoyela engaphansi komhlaba noma kushintsha i-adsorbent yesihlanzi samafutha bese uvula futhi uvala ivalvu epayipini lokuxhuma le-gas relay.

2.3. Lapho usebenza ekuvikelweni kwegesi kanye nesekethe yayo yesibili.

2.4. Ngaphandle kwesampula kawoyela kanye nevalvu yokukhulula umoya engxenyeni engenhla ye-Buchholz relay, vula ivalvu yokukhulula umoya, i-oyela drain kanye ne-oyela inlet valve kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo.

2.5. Uma izinga likawoyela legeji yezinga likawoyela likhuphuka ngendlela engavamile noma uhlelo lokumunca nokumunca luba nezimpawu ezingavamile, kuyadingeka ukuvula ivalvu yokukhipha umoya noma yokukhipha uwoyela.

3. Ngesikhathi sokubikezela ukuzamazama komhlaba, indlela yokusebenza yokuvikela igesi esindayo kufanele inqunywe ngokwezimo ezithile ze-transformer kanye nokusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-relay yegesi. Ama-transformer angasebenzi ngenxa yesenzo sokuvikela igesi esindayo ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba kufanele ahlolwe futhi ahlolwe ngaphambi kokuba aqaliswe ukusebenza, futhi angasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okungajwayelekile.

9. Izizathu zesenzo sokuvikela igesi

1. Izizathu zokusebenza kwegesi elula

1.1. Umoya ungena ku-transformer ngenxa yesihlungi samafutha esibi, uhlelo lokugcwalisa uphethiloli noma lokupholisa.

1.2. Izinga likawoyela liphansi kune-gas relay light gas buoy ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuvuza kukawoyela

1.3. Inani elincane legesi likhiqizwa ukwehluleka kwe-transformer

1.4. I-transformer inephutha le-short-circuit elidlulayo. Ngaphansi kwesenzo somsinga wephutha ongenayo, isivinini sokugeleza kukawoyela phakathi kwezikhala zikawoyela siyasheshiswa. Lapho umehluko wokucindezela phakathi kwesikhala sikawoyela nengaphandle lokugoba ushintsha kakhulu, i-gas relay ingase ingasebenzi kahle. Umsinga wephutha odlulayo ubangela ukuba isenzo sokugoba sishise. Lapho i-fault current multiple inkulu, izinga lokushisa lokugoba likhuphuka ngokushesha, okubangela ukuthi umthamo kawoyela wande, okubangela ukuthi i-gas relay ingasebenzi kahle.

1.5, ukwehluleka kokudluliselwa kwegesi noma isekethe yesibili.

Lezi zici ezingenhla zingabangela ukuthi isignali yokuvikela igesi isebenze.

10. Ukwelashwa ngemva kwesenzo sokuvikela igesi

1. Ngemva kokuba idivayisi yokuvikela igesi ye-transformer isebenza, kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela, ihlaziywe ngokucophelela, futhi yahlulelwe kahle, bese kuthathwa izinyathelo ngokushesha.

A. Uma isignali yokuvikela igesi ivuliwe, hlola i-transformer ngokushesha ukuze uthole imbangela yesenzo, ukuthi ibangelwa ukuqongelela komoya, ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela, iphutha lesekethe yesibili noma iphutha langaphakathi le-transformer engenhla. Uma kukhona igesi ku-relay yegesi, bhala phansi inani legesi, bheka umbala wegesi bese uhlola ukuthi ingasha yini, bese uthatha amasampula egesi namafutha ukuze kuhlaziywe i-chromatographic. Uhlobo lwephutha le-transformer lunganqunywa ngokuya ngemithethonqubo neziqondiso ezifanele. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-chromatographic kubhekisela ekuhlaziyweni kwekhwalithi kanye nokwenani kwe-hydrogen, i-oxygen, i-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-methane, i-ethane, i-ethylene, i-acetylene kanye namanye amagesi aqukethwe kugesi eqoqwe usebenzisa i-chromatograph. Nquma ngokunembile uhlobo, ukuthambekela kwentuthuko, kanye nobunzima bokwehluleka.

B. Uma igesi emshinini wokudlulisa igesi ingenambala, ingenaphunga futhi ingashi, futhi ukuhlaziywa kwe-chromatographic kunquma ukuthi ingumoya, i-transformer ingaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi isuse isici sokungena komoya ngesikhathi.

Uma igesi elayishiwe ivutha futhi umphumela wokuhlaziywa kwe-chromatographic yegesi encibilikisiwe ku-oyili ungajwayelekile, kufanele kwenziwe isinqumo esibanzi ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi i-transformer ayisebenzi yini.

2. Uma i-relay ye-Buchholz idlula, i-transformer ngeke iqale ukusebenza kuze kube yilapho imbangela itholakala futhi iphutha selisusiwe. Ukuze kutholakale izizathu, izici ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe kakhulu futhi kufanele kwenziwe isahlulelo esiphelele.

a. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphefumula kuyaphela noma kukhathele;

b. Ukuthi amasekethe esibili njengokuvikela kanye ne-DC ajwayelekile yini;

c. Ukuthi ukubukeka kwe-transformer kunesimo esingavamile esibonakalisa ngokusobala uhlobo lwephutha;

d. Ukuthi igesi eqongelelwe ku-relay yegesi iyavutha yini;

e. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-chromatographic kuphumela ekuhlaziyweni kwegesi kanye negesi encibilikisiwe kumafutha;

f. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kagesi edingekayo;

g. Isenzo samanye amadivayisi okuvikela okudluliselwa kwe-transformer.

11. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezihlobene nokuvikelwa kwegesi

Isenzo sokuvikela igesi, esikhanyayo sithumela isignali yesenzo sokuvikela ukukhumbuza abasebenzi bokulungisa ukuthi babhekane ne-transformer ngokushesha; esingathi sína siphazamisa iswishi ye-transformer, okubangela ukuthi i-transformer iyeke ukusebenza ngokushesha, okungenakukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokunikezwa kwamandla. Kubekwa phambili izinyathelo zokulwa nezingozi zokuvikela igesi. :

1. Shintsha i-buoy engezansi ye-gas relay ibe uhlobo lwe-baffle kanye nokuxhumana kube uhlobo oluqondile ukuze uthuthukise ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwegesi esindayo.

2. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi i-relay yegesi ingafinyeleli ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanzi, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela imvula kuma-terminal ayo kanye namabhokisi e-terminal e-cable lead.

3. Intambo eyinhloko ye-gas relay kufanele ibe yintambo engangeni uwoyela.

4. Izintambo zomthofu kanye nezintambo zomthofu wegesi kufanele zixhunywe kuma-terminal ebhokisini le-terminal yomthofu wekhebula ngokulandelana.