Ulwazi malunga "nePower Transformer" lulapha, lubanzi kakhulu, luqokelele kwaye ulufunde!

Umzobo wesicwangciso sezinto eziphambili ze-transformer

Inkqubo yokuvelisa iTransformer

Isiseko setransformer

Eyona nto iphambili ekuqalisweni kwe-transformer core kukunqumla, ukuhlanganisa, ukulungisa i-transformer core kunye netekhnoloji yamva nje yokuhlanganisa ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko engenamthwalo.

2. Isiseko setransformer

I-core yinxalenye esisiseko ye-transformer. Iqulathe i-magnetic conductor kunye nesixhobo sokubopha. Inemisebenzi emibini: ngokomgaqo, i-magnetic conductor ye-iron core yi-magnetic circuit ye-transformer, eguqula amandla ombane we-primary circuit abe ngamandla e-magnetic, kwaye ukusuka kumandla ayo e-magnetic abe ngamandla ombane we-secondary circuit, eyi-medium yokuguqulwa kwamandla. Ngokwesakhiwo, i-iron core ixhasa zonke izinto ezingaphakathi kwi-transformer, ezifana nomzimba kunye nee-leads.

Umbindi wentsimbi wetransformer sisakhiwo esivaliweyo esimile okwesakhelo. Inxalenye yekhoyili ibizwa ngokuba yikholamu engundoqo. Inxalenye engagqumiyo ikhoyili kwaye idlala indima yokuvala isekethe yemagnethi ibizwa ngokuba yi-iron giant.

Iintlobo zeentsimbi zentsimbi

Ngokwendawo ehambelanayo yokujika kunye nesiseko sentsimbi, isiseko sentsimbi singahlulwahlulwa sibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo oluphambili kunye nohlobo lweqokobhe. Yisiseko sentsimbi sohlobo lwentliziyo kuphela esingeniswa apha okwangoku. Kwi-transformers zesigaba esinye, isiseko sentsimbi sineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, ezifana nekholamu ezimbini kunye nekholamu ezimbini, ikholamu enye enekholamu ezine, kunye nekholamu ezimbini ezine.

Kwi-transformers zezigaba ezintathu, umbindi wesinyithi uneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha ezifana neekholamu ezimbini kunye neekholamu ezimbini (iikholamu ezintathu zezigaba ezintathu), iikholamu ezintathu kunye neekholamu ezine (iikholamu ezintlanu zezigaba ezintathu). Ukukhethwa kolwakhiwo oluphambili kugqitywa ngokwezinto ezibanzi ezifana nokulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kwee-windings ezahlukeneyo, ukonga izinto, kunye nokufikelela kubude bothutho. I-Bypass inokunciphisa igagasi lesihlanu nelesixhenxe kwi-leaking flux kunye ne-magnetizing current.

Umcu wentsimbi yombane (iphepha lentsimbi yesilicon):

Izinto ezisetyenziselwa umqhubi wemagnethi wentsimbi yintsimbi yombane enomxholo ophezulu wesilicon, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-silicon steel sheet.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeeshiti zesinyithi zesilicon: ezicothayo nezishushuyo, apho iishiti zesinyithi zesilicon ezicothayo zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ezingajoliswanga kunye nezijoliswanga-

Iipropati zemagnethi zeeshiti zesinyithi zesilicon ezigoqwe ngobushushu azilunganga, uxinano lwemagnetic flux lunokufikelela kwi-1.5T kuphela, kwaye ilahleko yeyunithi inkulu kakhulu, ngoko ke ayisasetyenziswa. Ishiti yesinyithi yesilicon egoqwe ngobushushu eqoqwe ngobandayo inecala elicacileyo, uxinano lwemagnethi oluphezulu, ilahleko encinci yeyunithi kunye nomthamo wokuvuselela iyunithi, kwaye ngoku isetyenziswa kakhulu.

Ubukhulu bephepha lesinyithi lesilicon elijikelezisiweyo elibandayo lineenkcazo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-0.35mm, 0.3mm, 0.27mm, 0.23mm, njl. Elisetyenziswa rhoqo yi-0.3mm, kwaye liya lisiba lincinci, kwaye injongo yalo ephambili kukunciphisa ilahleko engaphaya komthwalo.

Okwangoku, iindawo eziphambili ezivelisa amaphepha esinyithi e-silicon yiJapan, iNtshona Yurophu, iRashiya, uMzantsi Korea kunye neWuhan Iron and Steel yasekhaya.

Iinkcukacha zeeshiti zesinyithi zesilicon ezijikeleziweyo ezicoliweyo zimelwe kakhulu bubukhulu kunye nokulahleka kweyunithi (W/kg) xa uxinano lwe-magnetic flux lwe-50Hz luyi-1.7T, umzekelo:

·Iphepha lesinyithi lesilicon elitsha eliphuhliswe kusetyenziswa i-laser irradiation kunye netekhnoloji yokukrola ngoomatshini

Ukucheba iphepha lesinyithi lesilicon elingundoqo letransformer:

Xa izinto zeshiti yesinyithi yesilicon zingena kumzi-mveliso, yi-coil enobubanzi obumalunga ne-1000mm. Kufuneka zisikwe zibe yimo efunekayo ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokucheba (ezifana ne-German Georger wire). I-shearing burr yeshiti nganye akufuneki ibe ngaphezu kwe-0.02mm.

Ukufakwa kweentsimbi eziqinileyo:

●Ngenxa yokuba ikhoyili ye-core type transformer ijikelezile, icandelo lekholamu engundoqo nalo kufuneka libe jikelezile, kodwa kunzima ukulenza kwaye alinandleko, ngoko lenziwe libe yi-stepsed (uhlobo lwe-cylindrical olunemigangatho). Inyathelo ngalinye lenza uxande, kwaye umda wangaphandle ubekwe kwi-circumcircle efanayo. Inani lamanyathelo linomda othile, ekufuneka uqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo ngokweenzuzo zoqoqosho.

●Xa ii-core zentsimbi zibekwe ndawonye, ​​ikholamu engundoqo kunye neziqwenga zentsimbi engundoqo zedyokhwe yentsimbi zidityaniswa ngokutshintshiselana ngeqhekeza elinye okanye amaninzi, ukuze amalungu eempundu zeengqimba eziphezulu nezisezantsi zeeshiti zesinyithi zesilicon ajikeleziswe ngokutshintshiselana kwaye agubungelene. Ukulahleka komsinga wokukhupha kunye nokungabikho komthwalo kuyancitshiswa ngelixa kuphucuka amandla.

Ilungu le-lap yentsimbi engundoqo:

·Okwangoku, i-transformer core isebenzisa uhlobo lwe-full oblique joint, oko kukuthi, indawo edibana kuyo ikholamu ye-core kunye ne-iron joke yi-45°. Olu hlobo lwe-joint lufanelekile ngokupheleleyo kwiimpawu ze-high magnetic permeability oriented steel sheet ye-silicon esetyenziswa rhoqo ngoku. Yenza i-magnetic circuit ihambelane kangangoko.

·Kwii-core ezinkulu ze-transformer ezinee-miter joints ezipheleleyo, ukuqingqwa kudla ngokwenziwa ngendlela yee-joints ezinezigaba ezibini. Ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi iimpawu ze-core ye-transformer ezingenamthwalo, kwakheka ifom yomthungo we-core enamanqanaba amaninzi, oko kukuthi, i-StepLap core.

Kwisiseko esinolaminethi, imithungo yamaphepha esinyithi e-silicon iyagungqa. Xa i-magnetic flux yento ethile idibana ne-air gap kumthungo, ukumelana kwe-magnetic kwe-air gap kuphindwe kangangamawaka amaninzi kunokwephepha lesinyithi le-silicon. Uninzi lwe-flux ludlula kwiiphepha zesinyithi ze-silicon ezikufutshane ezidibanisa eli joint. I-magnetic flux yokuqala ye-laminations kwiindawo zokudibanisa kunye ne-bridging magnetic fluxes zibekwe ngaphezulu. Uxinano lunokufikelela kwi-saturation, ukuze ilahleko yokungabikho komthwalo kunye nomsinga wokungabikho komthwalo kwindawo yokudibanisa (oko kukuthi, yendawo) inyuke kakhulu, ukuze ilahleko iyonke yokungabikho komthwalo inyuke.

I-Step lap yitekhnoloji entsha ye-lamination eyamkelweyo kulo nyaka, enokuphucula uxinano lwemagnethi yeshiti yesinyithi yesilicon kwindawo edibeneyo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka komthwalo kunye nengxolo yenxalenye ephambili.

Ubushushu obuphambili:

Ukufakwa kwe-insulation ye-iron core kunefuthe elithe ngqo kumgangatho wemveliso ye-transformer core. Ukufakwa kwe-insulation ye-iron core kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ngamacandelo amabini: ukufakwa kwe-insulation phakathi kwamaphepha kunye nokufakwa kwe-insulation phakathi kwe-laminations kunye neendawo zesakhiwo.

Ukufakelwa kwe-inter-chip kwenziwa ikakhulu ngeendlela ezimbini: enye kukugquma phezu kwephepha elifakwe i-laminated, kwaye enye kukubeka umaleko wekhadibhodi yokukhusela enobukhulu obuthile kwisitaki ngasinye ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka i-stacking, esebenza njengomjelo weoyile yokusasaza ubushushu.

Kwi-transformer enomthamo omkhulu, ukuze kwenziwe ubushushu obuveliswa kwi-iron core bususwe yi-transformer oil ekujikelezeni kwegazi, kukho iindlela ze-oyile ezipholileyo kwikholamu ye-iron core kunye ne-joke. Iindlela ze-oyile zinokutyunyuzwa kwiishiti ze-silicon steel zibe ziiplate ezirhabaxa okanye zenziwe ngeebhari zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo kwiishiti ze-silicon steel. Kwii-transformer cores ezinee-oblique joints ezipheleleyo, ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko, ii-slats zezinto ezingezizo zesinyithi zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula iitshaneli ze-oyile.

Ukusikwa kwesiseko sesinyithi:

Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-transformer, ngenxa yeendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-iron core kunye nezakhiwo zayo zesinyithi kwicandelo lombane, amandla avelisiweyo nawo ahlukile. Xa umahluko onokubakho phakathi kwamanqaku amabini ufikelela kwixabiso elithile, kwenzeka into yokukhupha. Ngenxa yokukhupha, ioyile ye-transformer iya kubola okanye i-insulation eqinileyo yonakale. Ukuze kuthintelwe le nto, i-iron core kunye neendawo zayo zesakhiwo sesinyithi kufuneka zisekelwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Izixhobo ze-Iron Core

Icandelo II. Ukujija kwetransformer

Eyona nto iphambili kwinxalenye yokujika kwe-transformer yindlela yocingo kunye nendlela yokujika ye-transformer yokujika.

Ikhoyili yisekethe yombane yamandla ombane angenayo naphumayo esiguquli-mbane, kwaye licandelo elisisiseko lesiguquli-mbane. Iikhoyili kufuneka zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko ezilandelayo:

1. Amandla ombane

Umbane umelana nombane

I-voltage yokumelana nempembelelo yokusebenza

I-voltage yokumelana nefrikhwensi yamandla

2. ukumelana nobushushu

Phantsi kobushushu obuveliswa ngumsinga osebenzayo wexesha elide, ubomi benkonzo yokufakelwa kwekhoyili akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20.

Phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ze-transformer, kwenzeka i-short circuit ngequbuliso nakweyiphi na isiphelo somgca, kwaye i-coil kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuveliswa yi-short circuit current ngaphandle komonakalo.

3. Amandla oomatshini

uhlobo lwekhoyili;

Uhlobo lwekhoyili lukhethwa kakhulu ngokwendlela yokuphumla efana ne-voltage yekhoyili, kwaye ikwaqwalasela amandla ombane, amandla oomatshini, ukusasazwa kobushushu kunye nokwenzeka kwenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ukukhetha ulwakhiwo lwekhoyili akuyonto ikhethekileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolwakhiwo onokukhetha kuzo. Oku kukwanxulumene nemikhwa yendabuko yabavelisi abahlukeneyo be-transformer.

Iikhoyili zetransformer zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lweleya kunye nohlobo lwekhekhe. Iikhoyili zePin zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezijikelezayo, eziqhubekayo, ezidityanisiweyo, ezidityanisiweyo eziqhubekayo, ezikhuselweyo ngaphakathi kunye neentlobo zesakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo.

Ucingo lweKhoyili:

Ucingo olujikelezayo lunokwahlulwa lube yi-copper kunye ne-aluminium ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zomqhubi, ucingo olujikelezileyo kunye nocingo oluthe tyaba ngokwemilo yomqhubi, iphepha, ipeyinti kunye nocingo lweglasi ngokwezinto zokukhusela. Ii-power transformers zihlala zisebenzisa i-string yentsimbi egoqwe ngephepha.

Ucingo lwentsimbi olusicaba olugqunywe ngephepha lunokwahlulwa lube lucingo oluqhelekileyo olugqunywe ngephepha, ucingo oludibeneyo, ucingo oluguquliweyo kunye nezinye iintlobo. Ngokwendlela oluqine ngayo ucingo lwentsimbi, lunokwahlulwa lube lucingo oluqhelekileyo (00,≤120Mpa), ucingo lobhedu oluqinileyo (120Mpa<00.2≤210Mpa). Phakathi kwazo, kukwakho ucingo oluzincamathelayo oluzincamathelayo kwintambo yokuguqula, oko kukuthi, ucingo olunye olusicaba kwintambo yokuguqula lugqunywe ngomaleko we-epoxy resin (ubukhulu befilimu yokupenda kumacala omabini buyi

0.06 ± 0.02mm), injongo kukuncamathisela zonke iingcingo ezincinci emva kokuba ifilimu yepeyinti inyangiwe ngobushushu, ukuze kuphuculwe amandla e-short-circuit ye-coil. Okwangoku, i-net package transposition wire yamva nje ifakiwe, kwaye imigca yemveliso yokucubungula ehambelana nayo iye yaziswa eTshayina.

Iingcingo ezijikelezayo zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-copper kunye ne-aluminium ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo zomqhubi, iingcingo ezijikelezileyo kunye neengcingo ezisicaba ngokweemilo zomqhubi, kunye nephepha, ipeyinti, kunye nengcingo yeglasi ngokwezinto zokukhusela. Ii-power transformers zihlala zisebenzisa i-flat copper esongiweyo ngephepha. Intambo.

Ucingo lobhedu olusicaba olugqunywe ngephepha lunokwahlulwa lube lucingo oluqhelekileyo olugqunywe ngephepha, ucingo oludibeneyo, ucingo oluguquliweyo kunye nezinye iintlobo. Ngokwendlela oluqine ngayo ucingo lobhedu, lunokwahlulwa lube lucingo oluqhelekileyo (02≤120Mpa), ucingo lobhedu oluqinileyo (120Mpa<00, ≤210Mpa). Phakathi kwazo, kukwakho ucingo oluzincamathelayo kwintambo yokuguqula, oko kukuthi, ucingo olunye olusicaba kwintambo yokuguqula lugqunywe ngomaleko we-epoxy resin (ubukhulu befilimu yokupenda kumacala omabini yi-0.06±0.02mm), injongo kukufudumala ifilimu yokupenda. Emva kokupholisa, ncamathisela zonke iingcingo ezincinci kunye ukuze wonyuse amandla okujikeleza okufutshane kwekhoyili. Okwangoku, ucingo lwamva nje lwepakeji yokuguqula i-net luye lwasetyenziswa, kwaye imigca yemveliso yokucubungula ehambelanayo nayo iye yaziswa eTshayina.

Iiwindings zihlala zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lweleya kunye nohlobo lwepayi.

Ukujika kwendlela yokujika kucwangcisiwe kwaye kujikeleziswa rhoqo kwicala eliyi-axial, elibizwa ngokuba yi-layered winding. Umaleko ngamnye ufana nesilinda. Ukujika kwebhareli.

Ukujika kwendlela yokujika kujikeleziswa rhoqo kwicala le-radial ukuze kwenziwe imo yephayi (icandelo), kwaye indlela yokujika eyenziwe ziibhisikithi ezininzi ezicwangciswe kwicala le-axial ibizwa ngokuba yi-pie winding. Kubandakanya ii-capacitive windings eziqhubekayo, ezixineneyo nezifakiweyo.

Iifom eziqhelekileyo zokujika:

Iingqimba eziqhelekileyo ziyi-cylindrical, spiral, continuous and tangled.

Ukujija nge-cylindrical lolona hlobo lulula, kwaye ngokubanzi lwenziwa nge-windings enye okanye ezininzi. Xa ijija, ijija ibe yi-turn enye kufutshane ne-turn enye ecaleni kwe-wire mold axis, efana ne-circular tightly wound coil spring. Ibonakala ngokujija okulula, umsebenzi omhle, ukuchithwa kakuhle kobushushu kwee-oyile phakathi kwee-layers, kodwa iindawo ezincinci zokuxhasa kunye namandla amabi oomatshini.

Ukujika okujikelezayo kwenziwe ngocingo oluthe tyaba, kwaye ukujika akusondelelene, kodwa kwahlulwe ngumgama othile (umjelo weoyile) oneendawo zokuvala ubushushu, njengentwasahlobo yekhoyili eyoluliweyo. Inzuzo kukuba inkqubo yokujika ilula kwaye kukho umjelo weoyile yokusasaza ubushushu, kodwa ukujika okunenani elikhulu lokujika akufanelekanga.

Uhlobo lwe-spiral luqulathe iingcingo ezininzi eziboshwe ngaxeshanye kwityhubhu yetayara eqinileyo, ezinokubotshelelwa kuhlobo olunye lwehelix, kwaye zinokubotshelelwa kuhlobo lwehelix ephindwe kabini okanye ezine xa kukho iingcingo ezingaphezulu ezidibeneyo. Xa iingcingo ezininzi ziqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye, iingcingo kufuneka ziguqulwe, kungenjalo kuya kubakho umsinga ojikelezayo ngenxa yobude obungalinganiyo beengcingo.

Ukujija okuqhubekayo kwenziwa ngocingo olunye okanye ngaphezulu oluthe tyaba oluhlala lujijelwe kwiindawo ezininzi zocingo olufana nepayi kwi-insulating cylinder okanye kwi-wire mold struts ngenkqubo ekhethekileyo. Iingenelo ngamandla aphezulu oomatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusasaza ubushushu. Kodwa inkqubo yokujija iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi.

Unxibelelwano phakathi kwekhekhe lentambo eqhubekayo kunye nekhekhe lentambo luhambelana ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-winding, ngoko ke ukuba ubude bentambo banele, inokugotywa ibe yi-winding eqhubekayo ngaphandle kwamalungu e-solder.

I-inserted capacitive winding yenziwa ngokufaka ucingo (ucingo olukhuselweyo) olune-longitudinal capacitance phakathi kwe-turns ngaphakathi kwecala langaphandle le-continuous wire winding cake. I-inserted wire cake kunye nenani le-inserted turns zinokumiselwa ngokwe-capacitance efunekayo. I-shielded wire ayinayo i-working current idlula kuyo, ngoko ke kusetyenziswa i-wires ezibhityileyo kakhulu.

I-inserted capacitive winding isebenzisa i-continuous winding, enokunciphisa inani elikhulu leendawo zokuwelda xa kuthelekiswa ne-tangled winding, kwaye inani lee-turns ze-inserted shielding wire linokulungiswa ngokukhululekileyo, ukuze i-longitudinal capacitance ilungiswe njengoko kufuneka. Okwangoku, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-transformer windings ze-110kV nangaphezulu ze-transformers ezinkulu.

ukuguqulwa kwentambo

Xa umsinga we-transformer umkhulu, ukujika kwekhoyili kwenziwa ngeengcingo ezininzi ezilinganayo. Ukuba akukho manyathelo athathwayo, ingcingo ekufutshane ne-axis ephakathi imfutshane, kwaye ingcingo ekude ne-axis ephakathi inde. Ngenxa yobude obahlukeneyo kunye nendawo yengcingo kwindawo yamagnetic, ukumelana kunye nokusabela kwe-inductive yengcingo akulungelelani, kwaye ukusasazwa komsinga phakathi kwee-conductors kubangelwa. Akulingani. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umsinga usasazwa ngokulinganayo kwii-conductors kwaye kuncitshiswe ilahleko ezongezelelweyo, ii-conductors ezilinganayo kufuneka zitshintshwe izikhundla, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"transposition".