Ulwazi mayelana "ne-Power Transformer" lukhona lapha, Luphelele Kakhulu, Luqoqe Futhi Ulufunde!

Umdwebo wesakhiwo wezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-transformer

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza I-Transformer

Ingqikithi ye-transformer

Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kokwethulwa kwe-transformer core ukusika, ukuhlanganisa, ukulungisa i-transformer core kanye nobuchwepheshe bamuva bokuhlanganisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo.

2. Ingqikithi ye-transformer

Ingqikithi iyisakhi esiyisisekelo se-transformer. Yakhiwe umqhubi wamagnetic kanye nedivayisi yokubamba. Inemisebenzi emibili: ngokomthetho, umqhubi wamagnetic wengqikithi yensimbi yisekethe yamagnetic ye-transformer, eguqula amandla kagesi esekethe eyinhloko abe amandla kazibuthe, futhi kusukela emandleni ayo kazibuthe iye emandleni kagesi esekethe yesibili, okuyiyona ndlela yokuguqulwa kwamandla. Ngokwesakhiwo, ingqikithi yensimbi isekela zonke izingxenye ezingaphakathi kwe-transformer, njengomzimba kanye nama-lead.

Ingaphakathi lensimbi le-transformer liyisakhiwo esivaliwe esinomumo wohlaka. Ingxenye yekhoyili ibizwa ngokuthi ikholomu eyinhloko. Ingxenye engambozi ikhoyili futhi edlala indima yokuvala isekethe yamagnetic ibizwa ngokuthi i-iron giant.

Izinhlobo zezinsimbi zensimbi

Ngokwesikhundla esihlobene se-winding kanye ne-iron core, i-iron core ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: uhlobo oluyinhloko kanye nohlobo lwegobolondo. I-iron core yohlobo lwenhliziyo kuphela eyethulwa lapha okwamanje. Kwabaguquli besigaba esisodwa, i-iron core inezinhlobo eziningana zesakhiwo, njenge-column ezimbili kanye ne-column ezimbili, i-column eyodwa ene-four, kanye ne-double-column ezine.

Kuma-transformer anezigaba ezintathu, umongo wensimbi unezinhlobo eziningana zesakhiwo ezifana namakholomu amabili kanye namakholomu amabili (amakholomu amathathu anezigaba ezintathu), amakholomu amathathu kanye namakholomu amane (amakholomu amahlanu anezigaba ezintathu). Ukukhethwa kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko kunqunywa ngokuya ngezici eziphelele ezifana nokuhlelwa okunengqondo kwama-windings ahlukahlukene, ukonga izinto, kanye nokuhlangabezana nokuphakama kokuthutha. I-Bypass inganciphisa igagasi lesihlanu nelesikhombisa ekugelezeni kokuvuza kanye nomsinga wamandla omagnetizing.

I-strip yensimbi kagesi (ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon):

Izinto ezisetshenziselwa umqhubi we-magnetic core yensimbi yi-electric steel strip enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-silicon, eyaziwa nangokuthi ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon: ukugoqa okubandayo kanye nokugoqa okushisayo, lapho amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon agoqiwe abandayo ahlukaniswe khona abe izinhlobo ezimbili: okungaqondisiwe kanye nokuqondiswe-

Izakhiwo zikagesi zamashidi ensimbi e-silicon ashisiwe ashisayo azinhle, ubuningi be-magnetic flux bungafinyelela ku-1.5T kuphela, futhi ukulahleka kweyunithi kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayisasetshenziswa. Ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon eliqondiswe ku-Cold-rolled grain linesiqondiso esicacile, ubuningi be-magnetic obuphezulu, ukulahleka kweyunithi encane kanye nomthamo wokuvuselela iyunithi, futhi okwamanje lisetshenziswa kabanzi.

Ubukhulu beshidi lensimbi ye-silicon eligoqwe ngokusanhlamvu eliqondiswe ku-cold-rolled bunemininingwane eminingana, njenge-0.35mm, 0.3mm, 0.27mm, 0.23mm, njll. Elisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-0.3mm, futhi liya lincipha kancane kancane, futhi inhloso yalo eyinhloko ukunciphisa ukulahleka okuguquguqukayo okungenamthwalo.

·Njengamanje, izindawo ezikhiqiza kakhulu amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon yiJapane, iNtshonalanga Yurophu, iRussia, iNingizimu Korea kanye ne-Wuhan Iron and Steel yasekhaya.

Imininingwane yamaphepha ensimbi e-silicon aqoqwe ngokusanhlamvu agxile emakhazeni imelelwa kakhulu ubukhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa yiyunithi (W/kg) lapho ubukhulu be-magnetic flux obungu-50Hz bungu-1.7T, isibonelo:

·Ishidi lensimbi le-silicon elisanda kuthuthukiswa elisebenzisa imisebe ye-laser kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqopha ngomshini

Ukucheba ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon core transformer:

Uma ishidi lensimbi le-silicon lingena efektri, liyi-coil enobubanzi obungaba ngu-1000mm. Lidinga ukunqunywa libe yisimo esidingekayo ngemishini ekhethekile yokugunda (njenge-German Georger wire). I-shearing burr yeshidi ngalinye akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-0.02mm.

Ukufakwa kwezinsimbi zensimbi:

●Ngenxa yokuthi ikhoyili ye-transformer yohlobo oluyinhloko iyindilinga, ingxenye yekholomu eyinhloko nayo kufanele ibe yindilinga, kodwa kunzima ukuyikhiqiza futhi ayibizi kakhulu, ngakho-ke yenziwa ibe uhlobo olunezinyathelo (olunezinga lesilinda). Isinyathelo ngasinye sakha unxande, kanti umkhawulo wangaphandle utholakala ku-circumcircle efanayo. Inani lezinyathelo linomkhawulo othile, okudingeka ucatshangelwe ngokuphelele ngokwezinzuzo zomnotho.

●Uma izinsimbi zensimbi zibekwe ndawonye, ​​ikholomu eyinhloko kanye nezingcezu zensimbi eziyinhloko zejoka lensimbi zihlanganiswa ngokushintshana ngengxenye eyodwa noma eziningana, ukuze izingcezu zezinqe zezingqimba eziphezulu nezingezansi zamashidi ensimbi e-silicon zihambisane ngokushintshana futhi zimboze omunye nomunye. Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okucindezela kanye nokulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kuncishisiwe ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa amandla.

Ingxube yesinqe sengxenye eyinhloko yensimbi:

·Njengamanje, umongo we-transformer wamukela isimo sejoyinti eligobile eligcwele, okungukuthi, indawo yokuhlangana kwekholomu eyinhloko kanye nejoka lensimbi elingu-45°. Lesi simo sokuhlangana sifaneleka ngokuphelele ezicini zeshidi lensimbi le-silicon eliqondiswe ekungeneni kwamandla kagesi eliphezulu elisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje. Yenza isekethe emagnetic ihambisane ngangokunokwenzeka.

·Kuma-core amakhulu e-transformer anama-joint agcwele ama-miter, ukufakwa kwe-stacking ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngesimo sama-joint anezigaba ezimbili. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici zokungathwali umthwalo we-core ye-transformer, kwakhiwa ifomu lomthungo we-core elinamazinga amaningi, okungukuthi, i-StepLap core.

Embindini ogqitshwe nge-laminated, imithungo yamaphepha ensimbi ye-silicon iyagoba. Lapho i-magnetic flux yento ethile ihlangana nesikhala somoya emthungweni, ukumelana kwamagnetic kwesikhala somoya kuphindwe kaningi kunokwephepha lensimbi ye-silicon. Iningi le-flux lidlula kumashidi ensimbi ye-silicon aseduze ahlanganisa leli joint. I-magnetic flux yokuqala yama-laminations kumajoints okuhlanganisa kanye nama-bridging magnetic fluxes afakwa phezulu. Ubuningi bungafinyelela ekugcwaleni, ukuze ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kanye nogesi ongenayo umthwalo endaweni ehlangene (okungukuthi, yendawo) kukhuphuke kakhulu, ukuze ukulahlekelwa okungekho mthwalo kukhuphuke.

I-Step lap iwubuchwepheshe obusha bokunamathisela obusetshenziswa kulo nyaka, obungathuthukisa ukuminyana kwamagnetic kweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon endaweni ehlangene, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ngempumelelo ukulahleka komthwalo nomsindo wengxenye eyinhloko.

Ukufakwa komoya okuyinhloko:

Ukufakwa komoya wensimbi kunomthelela oqondile kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-transformer core. Ukufakwa komoya wensimbi kungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili: ukufakwa komoya phakathi kwamashidi kanye nokufakwa komoya phakathi kwama-lamination nezingxenye zesakhiwo.

Ukufakwa kwe-inter-chip kufezwa kakhulu ngezici ezimbili: esinye iwukumbozwa ebusweni beshidi elifakwe i-laminated, kanti esinye iwukubeka ungqimba lwekhadibhodi elifaka i-insulating elinobukhulu obuthile esigxotsheni ngasinye ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka i-stacking, okusebenza futhi njengesiteshi samafutha okushisa.

Ku-transformer enamandla amakhulu, ukuze kwenziwe ukushisa okukhiqizwe enkabeni yensimbi kungasuswa yi-transformer oil ekujikelezeni kwegazi, kunezindlela zokupholisa uwoyela ekholomu yenkabeni yensimbi kanye ne-joke. Izindlela zokufaka uwoyela zingashaywa kusuka kumashidi ensimbi ye-silicon zibe amapuleti ahlanganisiwe noma Yakhiwe ngamabha ensimbi ahlanganisiwe kumashidi ensimbi ye-silicon. Kuma-core e-transformer anamajoyinti agcwele ama-oblique, ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa, ama-slats ezinto ezingezona ezensimbi asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa iziteshi zamafutha.

Ukusikwa kwe-iron core:

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-transformer, ngenxa yezindawo ezahlukene ze-iron core kanye nezakhiwo zayo zensimbi ensimini kagesi, amandla akhiqizwayo nawo ahlukile. Lapho umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili ufinyelela inani elithile, kwenzeka into yokukhipha. Ngenxa yokukhipha, uwoyela we-transformer uzobola noma ukufudumala okuqinile kuzolimala. Ukuze kugwenywe lesi simo, i-iron core kanye nezingxenye zayo zesakhiwo sensimbi kumele kusekelwe kahle.

Izesekeli Zensimbi Eyinhloko

Ingxenye II. Ukugoqa kwe-transformer

Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwengxenye yokugoqa ye-transformer yindlela yocingo kanye nendlela yokugoqa ye-transformer yokugoqa.

Ikhoyili iyisekethe kagesi yamandla kagesi okufakwayo nokukhishwa yi-transformer, futhi iyisakhi esiyisisekelo se-transformer. Amakhoyili kumele aklanywe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo:

1. Amandla kagesi

Umbani umelana ne-voltage

I-voltage yokumelana nomfutho osebenzayo

Imvamisa yamandla imelana ne-voltage

2. ukumelana nokushisa

Ngaphansi kokushisa okukhiqizwa ugesi osebenza isikhathi eside, impilo yesevisi yokushisa ikhoyili akufanele ibe ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-20.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ze-transformer, kwenzeka i-short circuit engazelelwe kunoma yimuphi umugqa, futhi ikhoyili kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okukhiqizwa ugesi we-short circuit ngaphandle kokulimala.

3. Amandla omshini

uhlobo lwekhoyili;

Uhlobo lwekhoyili lukhethwa kakhulu ngokuya ngamandla okuphumula njenge-voltage yekhoyili, futhi lubheka namandla kagesi, amandla omshini, ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kanye nokwenzeka kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ukukhetha isakhiwo sekhoyili akuyona into ehlukile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunezinhlobo eziningana zesakhiwo ongakhetha kuzo. Lokhu kuhlobene nemikhuba yendabuko yabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene be-transformer.

Amakhoyili e-transformer angahlukaniswa cishe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwesendlalelo kanye nohlobo lwekhekhe. Amakhoyili e-Pin angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezijikelezayo, eziqhubekayo, ezixakile, ezixakile eziqhubekayo, ezivikelwe ngaphakathi kanye nezinhlobo zesakhiwo ezixakile.

Ucingo lwekhoyili:

Intambo egoqayo ingahlukaniswa ibe yithusi ne-aluminium ngokwezinto ezihlukene zomqhubi, intambo eyindilinga kanye nentambo eyisicaba ngokwesimo somqhubi, iphepha, upende kanye nentambo yengilazi ngokwezinto ezivikela ukushisa. Ama-transformer kagesi ngokuvamile asebenzisa insimbi eyisicaba egoqwe ngephepha.

Ucingo lwensimbi oluyisicaba olumbozwe ngephepha lungahlukaniswa lube ucingo olujwayelekile olumbozwe ngephepha, ucingo oluhlanganisiwe, ucingo oluguquliwe kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Ngokusho kwamandla okudonsa ucingo lwensimbi, lungahlukaniswa lube ucingo olujwayelekile (00,≤120Mpa), ucingo lwethusi oluqinile kancane (120Mpa<00.2≤210Mpa). Phakathi kwazo, kukhona futhi ucingo oluzinamathelayo oluzinamathiselayo kucingo lokuguqulwa, okungukuthi, ucingo olulodwa oluyisicaba kucingo lokuguqulwa lumbozwe ungqimba lwe-epoxy resin (ubukhulu befilimu yopende ezinhlangothini zombili bungu

0.06 ± 0.02mm), inhloso ukunamathelisa zonke izintambo ezincane ndawonye ngemva kokuba ifilimu yopende iqiniswe ngokushisa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okujikeleza okufushane kwekhoyili. Njengamanje, intambo yokuguqula iphakethe le-net yakamuva isetshenzisiwe, futhi imigqa yokukhiqiza yokucubungula ehambisanayo nayo yethulwe eShayina.

Izintambo ezigoqayo zingahlukaniswa zibe yithusi ne-aluminium ngokwezinto ezihlukene zomqhubi, izintambo eziyindilinga nezintambo eziyisicaba ngokwezimo zomqhubi, kanye nephepha, upende, kanye nentambo yengilazi ngokwezinto ezivikela ukushisa. Ama-transformer kagesi ngokuvamile asebenzisa ithusi eliyisicaba eligoqwe ngephepha. Intambo.

Intambo yethusi eyisicaba embozwe ngephepha ingahlukaniswa ibe yintambo evamile embozwe ngephepha, intambo ehlanganisiwe, intambo eguquliwe nezinye izinhlobo. Ngokusho kwamandla okudonsa entambo yethusi, ingahlukaniswa ibe yintambo evamile (02≤120Mpa), intambo yethusi eqinile kancane (120Mpa<00, ≤210Mpa). Phakathi kwazo, kukhona nentambo yokuguqula enamathelayo entanjeni yokuguqula, okungukuthi, intambo eyodwa eyisicaba entanjeni yokuguqula imbozwe ungqimba lwe-epoxy resin (ubukhulu befilimu yopende ezinhlangothini zombili bungu-0.06±0.02mm), inhloso ukushisa ifilimu yopende. Ngemva kokupholisa, namathisela zonke izintambo ezincane ndawonye ukuze wandise amandla e-short circuit yekhoyili. Njengamanje, intambo yokuguqula iphakethe yakamuva ifakiwe, futhi imigqa yokukhiqiza yokucubungula ehambisanayo nayo yethulwe eShayina.

Ama-winding avame ukuhlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwesendlalelo kanye nohlobo lwephayi.

Ukujika kokugoqa kuhlelwe futhi kugoqeke njalo eceleni kwe-axial, okubizwa ngokuthi ukugoqa okunezingqimba. Ingqimba ngayinye ifana nesilinda. Ukugoqa kwebhareli.

Ukujika kokugoqa kugoqwa njalo ohlangothini oluqondile ukuze kwakheke isimo sephayi (isigaba), kanti ukugoqa okwakhiwa ngamabhisikidi amaningi ahlelwe ohlangothini oluqondile kubizwa ngokuthi ukugoqa iphayi. Kufaka phakathi ukugoqa okuqhubekayo, okuhlanganisiwe nokufakiwe.

Izinhlobo ezivamile zokugoqa:

Ama-winding avamile ayi-cylindrical, ajikelezayo, aqhubekayo futhi axabene.

Ukugoqa nge-cylindrical uhlobo olulula kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokugoqa okukodwa noma okuningana. Uma kugoqa, kugoqa kanye eduze kokujika okukodwa eceleni kwe-axis ye-mold wire, okufana nesiphethu se-coil esigoqekile esiyisiyingi. Kubonakala ngokugoqa okulula, ukwenziwa kahle, ukushabalalisa kahle ukushisa kwezindlela zikawoyela phakathi kwezingqimba, kodwa izindawo ezincane zokusekela kanye namandla amancane okusebenza.

Ukugoqa okujikelezayo kwenziwa ngocingo oluyisicaba, futhi ukujika akusondelene, kodwa kuhlukaniswe yibanga elithile (isiteshi sikawoyela) esinezikhala zokuvikela, njengesipilingi sekhoyili esinwetshiwe. Inzuzo ukuthi inqubo yokugoqa ilula futhi kunesiteshi sikawoyela sokusabalalisa ukushisa, kodwa ukugoqa okunenani elikhulu lokujika akufanelekile.

Uhlobo olujikelezayo luqukethe izintambo eziningi eziboshwe ngokulingana kushubhu lethayi eliqinile, ezingaboshwa zibe uhlobo olulodwa lwe-helix, futhi zingaboshwa zibe uhlobo lwe-helix oluphindwe kabili noma uhlobo lwe-helix ezine uma kunezintambo eziningi ezifanayo. Uma izintambo eziningi zixhunywe ngokulingana, izintambo kumele ziguqulwe, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nomsinga ojikelezayo ngenxa yobude obungalingani bezintambo.

Ukugoqa okuqhubekayo kwakhiwe izintambo eziyisicaba ezihlala zigoqeka zibe izingxenye eziningi zezintambo ezimise okwephayi kusilinda sokufaka ugesi noma izinduku zesikhunta sentambo ngenqubo ekhethekile. Izinzuzo amandla aphezulu omshini kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushabalalisa ukushisa. Kodwa inqubo yokugoqa iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhekhe lentambo eliqhubekayo nekhekhe lentambo kungaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-winding, ngakho-ke uma nje ubude bentambo banele, ingagoqwa ibe yi-winding eqhubekayo ngaphandle kwamalunga e-solder.

Ukugoqana okufakwe ngaphakathi kwakhiwa ngokufaka ucingo (ucingo oluvikelwe) olune-capacitance ende phakathi kokujika ngaphakathi kohlangothi lwangaphandle lwekhekhe lentambo eligoqayo eliqhubekayo. Ikhekhe lentambo elifakiwe kanye nenani lokujika okufakiwe kunganqunywa ngokuya nge-capacitance edingekayo. Ucingo oluvikelwe alunawo ugesi. Ugesi osebenzayo udlula kuwo, ngakho-ke izintambo ezincane kakhulu zivame ukusetshenziswa.

Ukugoqana okufakiwe kusebenzisa ukugoqana okuqhubekayo, okunganciphisa inani elikhulu lamaphuzu okushisela uma kuqhathaniswa nokugoqana okuhlanganisiwe, futhi inani lokujika kwentambo yokuvikela efakiwe lingalungiswa ngokukhululeka, ukuze i-capacitance ende ilungiswe njengoba kudingeka. Njengamanje, isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-windings e-transformer angu-110kV nangaphezulu kwama-transformer amakhulu.

ukuguqulwa kwentambo

Uma ugesi we-transformer umkhulu, ukujika kwekhoyili kwakhiwe izintambo eziningi ezihambisanayo. Uma kungekho zinyathelo ezithathwayo, ugesi oseduze ne-axis ephakathi umfushane, kanti ugesi okude ne-axis ephakathi ubude. Ngenxa yobude obuhlukile kanye nendawo yentambo ensimini yamagnetic, ukumelana kanye nokusabela kwe-inductive kwentambo akulinganiselani, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje phakathi kwabaqhubi kubangelwa. Akulingani. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ugesi usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo eceleni kwabaqhubi futhi kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe, abaqhubi abahambisanayo kumele babe yizikhundla ezishintshiwe, ezibizwa ngokuthi "ukuguqulwa".