Ukwahlulela nokuphathwa kwezimo ezingavamile ezivamile ze-transformer

Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza okungavamile kwe-transformer

I. Umsindo we-transformer ongajwayelekile

Lapho nje i-transformer isivuliwe, kuzoba nomsindo ovunguzayo, obangelwa kakhulu yi-magnetic flux ephezulu. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, umsindo we-transformer uyalingana. Uma kuneminye imisindo, thola ngokucophelela izimbangela bese ubhekana nazo.

1. Umsindo we-transformer uphakeme kunokuvamile, futhi umsindo ulingana, okungase kubangelwe yizizathu ezilandelayo:

(1) Ugesi ongaphezulu kwenzeka kugridi yamandla. Uma kwenzeka ugesi ophansi wesigaba esisodwa noma ugesi ongaphezulu kakhulu kugridi yamandla, umsindo we-transformer uzokhula. Kulokhu, isahlulelo esiphelele singenziwa kanye nesikhombisi se-voltmeter.

(2) Uma i-transformer igcwele ngokweqile, izokwenza i-transformer ikhiphe umsindo "ovuthayo" osindayo. Uma umthwalo we-transformer utholakala udlula inani elivumelekile lokulayisha ngokweqile elivamile, umthwalo we-transformer kufanele wehliswe ngokwemibandela yemithethonqubo yendawo.

Indlela yokwelapha: hlaziya izimbangela, bhala phansi, uqinise ukuqapha, futhi ubuyisele ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-transformer ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma kubangelwa ukulayisha ngokweqile, isimiso sokwelapha ukulayisha ngokweqile kufanele silandelwe.

2. I-transformer inomsindo

Kungase kubangelwe ukukhululeka kwezinye izingxenye ku-transformer. Uma umsindo we-transformer ukhuphukile ngokusobala futhi ugesi kanye ne-voltage kungavamile ngokusobala, kungase kubangelwe ukukhululeka kwe-clamp yangaphakathi noma isikulufu esicindezela i-iron core, okwandisa ukudlidliza kweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon.

Indlela yokwelapha: uma ingathinti ukusebenza kwe-transformer, ingashiywa ingelashwa okwesikhashana. Bhala amarekhodi, uqinise ukuqapha, ubike kumthumeli kanye nabaholi abafanele ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuphathwe ukwehluleka kukagesi.

3. I-transformer inomsindo wokukhipha

I-transformer inomsindo wokukhipha "uqhekeko". Uma kukhona i-corona eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma inhlansi eduze kwe-transformer bushing ebusuku noma lapho lina, kusho ukuthi izingxenye ze-porcelain zingcoliswe kakhulu noma ikhadi lomugqa wemishini alithintani kahle. Uma kwenzeka ukukhishwa kwangaphakathi kwe-transformer, kungukukhishwa kwezingxenye ezingaguquki ngogesi noma ukukhishwa kwe-coil inter-turn, noma ukukhishwa ngenxa yokuxhumana okubi kwe-tap changer.

Indlela yokwelapha: bika kumthumeli kanye nabaholi abafanele ngalesi sikhathi bese ufaka isicelo sokuhlolwa kokwehluleka kukagesi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-transformer.

4. I-transformer inoqhekeko

Kubonisa ukuthi ukufudumala kwangaphakathi noma kobuso be-transformer kuphukile, futhi i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze ihlolwe.

5. I-transformer inomsindo wokubila kwamanzi

Uma i-transformer inomsindo wokubila kwamanzi, futhi izinga lokushisa lishintsha kakhulu futhi izinga likawoyela likhuphuka, kufanele kwahlulelwe ukuthi ukugoqa kwe-transformer kune-short circuit noma ukushisa okukhulu okubangelwa ukuthintana kabi kwe-tap changer, futhi i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze ihlolwe.

II. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela we-transformer kufanele litholakale ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi izinga lokushisa lokugoqa kufanele lilawulwe ngokubheka izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela ukuze kuvinjelwe izinga layo lokuvikela ukuthi lingawi futhi liguge. Ngaphansi komthwalo ojwayelekile kanye nezimo zokupholisa ezijwayelekile, izinga lokushisa likawoyela le-transformer lingaphezu kuka-10 ℃ ngaphezu kokujwayelekile noma umthwalo we-transformer awushintshi, futhi izinga lokushisa likawoyela likhuphuka njalo. Uma imiphumela yokuhlola ifakazela ukuthi idivayisi yokupholisa ilungile futhi i-thermometer ayinaphutha, kubhekwa ukuthi i-transformer inamaphutha angaphakathi (njengomlilo we-iron core kanye ne-winding inter-turn short circuit, njll.). Ngalesi sikhathi, i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwanda kwengozi ye-transformer.

III. Umbala wamafutha ongajwayelekile

Uwoyela we-transformer kumele ube phuzi ngokukhanyayo futhi ubonakale ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Uma umbala wamafutha ku-gauge yezinga likawoyela ushintsha ngesikhathi sokusebenza, thintana ukuze uthathe amasampula kawoyela ukuze ahlaziywe ngamakhemikhali. Uma umbala wamafutha we-transformer uwohloka ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi kukhona ikhabhoni ku-oyela nezinye izinto ezingavamile, amandla kufanele anqanyulwe ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe futhi aphathwe.

IV. Izinga likawoyela elingajwayelekile

I-oyela conservator ye-transformer ifakwe i-gauge yezinga likawoyela, evame ukubonisa imigqa emithathu yezinga likawoyela lapho izinga lokushisa lingu-30 ℃,+20 ℃ kanye no-+40 ℃. Ngokwalezi zimpawu ezintathu, singanquma ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukugcwalisa uphethiloli noma ukukhipha uwoyela.

Izinga eliphezulu likawoyela:

Uma izinga likawoyela le-transformer esebenza liphezulu kakhulu noma uwoyela ugcwala kakhulu usuka ku-conservator, qala uhlole ukuthi umthwalo kanye nezinga lokushisa le-transformer kujwayelekile yini. Uma umthwalo kanye nezinga lokushisa kujwayelekile, kungahlulelwa ukuthi izinga likawoyela elingamanga libangelwa ukuvaleka kwe-breather noma i-gauge yezinga likawoyela. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuvikelwa kwegesi (igesi esindayo) kufanele kushintshelwe esignalini ngemva kokuvunyelwa ngumthumeli osebenzayo, bese kuthi umshini wokuphefumula ukhishwe ukuze welashwe. Uma uwoyela ugcwala kakhulu usuka ku-conservator ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, uwoyela kufanele ukhishwe.

Izinga likawoyela eliphansi:

Uma izinga likawoyela le-transformer liphansi kakhulu, ukuvikelwa kwegesi (igesi elula) kuzosebenza; Uma kwenzeka ukushoda okukhulu kukawoyela, i-iron core kanye nokugoba kuvezwa emoyeni, okuvame ukuba nomswakama futhi kungabangela ukuqhekeka kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokufaka uwoyela we-vacuum kufanele isetshenziswe ukufaka uwoyela ku-transformer esebenza. Uma izinga likawoyela lehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokuvuza okukhulu kukawoyela futhi liwela ngaphansi kwe-gas relay noma liqhubeka nokwehla, i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha.

V. Ukulayisha ngokweqile

Uma i-transformer esebenza igcwele ngokweqile, isibonakaliso se-ammeter singadlula inani elizinzile, futhi isignali kanye nensimbi ye-alamu kungasebenza. Abasebenzi abasebenzayo kufanele baphathe ngokwemigomo elandelayo:

① Hlola ukuthi ugesi ohlangothini ngalunye udlula inani elibekiwe yini bese ubika kumuntu osebenza emsebenzini.

② Hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela kanye nokushisa kwe-transformer kujwayelekile yini, bese ufaka wonke ama-cooler ngesikhathi esisodwa.

③ Lungisa imodi yokusebenza ngesikhathi. Uma kukhona i-transformer elindile, kufanele iqale ukusebenza.

④ Xhumana nomthumeli ukuze ulungise ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo ngesikhathi.

⑤ Uma kwenzeka ukulayisha ngokweqile okuvamile, isikhathi sokusebenza esivumelekile singanqunywa ngokuya ngokuphindaphindwa kokulayisha ngokweqile, futhi ukuqapha izinga likawoyela kanye nokushisa kukawoyela kuzoqiniswa. Inani elivumelekile akufanele lidlule. Uma isikhathi sidluliwe, umthwalo kufanele wehliswe ngokushesha.

⑥ Uma kwenzeka ukulayisha ngokweqile ngengozi, ukuphindaphinda okuvunyelwe kanye nesikhathi sokulayisha ngokweqile kufanele kuhambisane nezinhlinzeko zomenzi. Uma ukuphindaphinda okuningi kanye nesikhathi kudlula inani elivunyelwe, ukuhambisana kwe-transformer nakho kuzoncishiswa ngokwemithethonqubo.

⑦ Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-transformer kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezihlobene, bese ubika futhi ubhekane nanoma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle okutholiwe.

VI. Ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokupholisa

Uma uhlelo lokupholisa lwe-transformer (olubhekisela kuphampu kawoyela ongaphansi komhlaba kanye nohlelo lwamanzi okupholisa) luhluleka, futhi i-transformer ithumela isignali yokufaka okupholile kanye nokuma okuphelele kwe-cooler, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe:

1. Hlola ukuthi i-standby cooler iqalile ukusebenza ngokushesha.

2. Hlola imbangela yokwehluleka kukagesi ngokushesha bese ubuyisela imodi yokusebenza evamile yedivayisi yokupholisa ngokushesha okukhulu.

3. Qinisa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela kanye nezinga likawoyela le-transformer, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvala ngokuphelele kwedivayisi yokupholisa.

4. Uma uhlelo lokupholisa lungenakulungiseka isikhashana, faka isicelo sokunciphisa umthwalo noma ufake isicelo sokuthi i-transformer ingasebenzi ukuze uvimbele i-transformer ukuthi ingasebenzi ngaphezu kwesikhathi esibekiwe sokungapholi, okubangela ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nomonakalo.

VII. Isenzo sokuvikela igesi

Izizathu zesenzo sokuvikelwa kwegesi zingaba:

1. Kukhona iphutha elincane ku-transformer, okukhiqiza igesi ebuthakathaka;

2. Umoya ungena ngaphakathi kwe-transformer;

3. Izinga likawoyela liyehla;

4. Iphutha lesekethe yesibili (njengokugxunyekwa kwesistimu ye-DC enamaphuzu amabili) kubangela ukungasebenzi kahle.

Ngemva kokuba isignali yokuvikela igesi ivele, umqhubi kufanele enze ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle ngokushesha ku-transformer. Okokuqala, hlola izinga likawoyela nombala ku-conservator, ukuthi ngabe kukhona igesi ku-relay yegesi, inani nombala wegesi, bese uhlola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuvuza kukawoyela emzimbeni we-transformer kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kukawoyela oluphoqelelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola umthwalo, izinga lokushisa nomsindo we-transformer. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, uma kungekho senzakalo esingajwayelekile esitholakalayo, igesi evela ku-transformer kufanele idonswe ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwegesi, futhi isampula kawoyela kufanele ithathwe ukuze ihlolwe uma kudingeka ukuze kutholakale ndawonye uhlobo lwephutha.

VIII. Izingxenye nezizathu zokufudumeza okulula ngesikhathi sokusebenza

1. Ukuxhumana okungekuhle kweswishi yokumpompa

Ukuxhumana okubi kwenza ukumelana kokuthinta kukhuphuke, ukusetshenziswa kukhuphuke, futhi ukushisa kube kubi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngemva kokushintsha umpompi nalapho i-transformer igcwele ngokweqile.

2. Isekethe emfushane yokushintshashintsha kwe-winding interturn

I-inter-turn short circuit ibhekisela ekulimaleni kokufakelwa phakathi kokujika kwentambo okuseduze. Lokhu kuzobangela i-closed short circuit loop futhi kunciphise inani lokujika okugoqekayo kwalesi sigaba. Kukhona i-short-circuit current ebangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwe-magnetic flux ku-short-circuit loop, okuzokhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu futhi kungabangela ukuthi i-transformer ishise.

3. Kukhona isekethe emfushane phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi eyinhloko ye-silicon

Ukufakwa kopende phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi e-silicon konakele ngenxa yomonakalo wamandla angaphandle noma ukuguga kokufakwa komoya, okuzokwandisa ugesi we-eddy, kubangele ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo, futhi kuncibilikise ngisho nomonakalo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, okubizwa ngokuthi umlilo we-iron core.

4. Ukuxhumana okungekuhle nezinye izingxenye kubangela ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo.

Iziphakamiso zokwelapha: qapha ngokucophelela ushintsho lokushisa lwezingxenye ezishiswe kakhulu, uqinisekise ukuphepha kokusebenza, uhlaziye imbangela yokushisa ngokweqile, xhumana nomthumeli, futhi ubhekane nokwehluleka kukagesi.

Ukwelashwa ngengozi kwe-transformer

Okuvamile: Ngokusho kwe-6.1.2 ye-DL/T572-95 Power Transformer Operation Specification:

I-transformer kufanele ivalwe ngokushesha uma kwenzeka noma yiziphi zezimo ezilandelayo. Uma kukhona i-transformer ehlala isikhathi eside esetshenziswayo, kufanele iqale ukusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu:

A. Umsindo we-transformer ngokusobala ukhuphukile, awujwayelekile kakhulu, futhi kukhona ukuqhekeka ngaphakathi;

B. Ukuvuza okukhulu kwamafutha noma ukujova kwamafutha kubangela ukuthi izinga lamafutha lehle ngaphansi komkhawulo obonisiwe wesilinganiso samafutha;

C. Isihlahla sonakele kakhulu futhi siyakhishwa;

D. I-transformer iyabhema futhi ibambe umlilo.

I. Ukukhubeka okuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer

Ngemva kokukhubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe:

① Ngemva kokukhubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer, umqhubi kufanele enze ukwelashwa okuhlelekile, okungukuthi, afake i-transformer elindile, alungise imodi yokusebenza kanye nokusatshalaliswa komthwalo, futhi agcine uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nemishini yalo isesimweni esijwayelekile.

② Hlola ukuthi yisiphi isenzo sokuvikela nokuthi silungile yini.

③ Qonda ukuthi uhlelo lunamaphutha yini kanye nohlobo lwamaphutha.

④ Ugesi ungahlolwa kanye ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo: ukuthinta kwabasebenzi, ukusebenza kabi kanye nokuvikelwa kabi; kuphela

Izenzo zokuvikela ugesi odlulayo noma ugesi odlulayo one-voltage ephansi noma onqunyelwe isikhathi, kanye nemishini yezinga elilandelayo ye-transformer iyahamba ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ukuvikelwa kwayo akusebenzi, futhi iphuzu lephutha selihlukanisiwe.

⑤ Uma kwenzeka ukuvikelwa okuhlukile, ukuvikelwa kwegesi noma ukuvikelwa kokushisa okuphuthumayo okusheshayo kanye nezinye izenzo zokuvikela, futhi kuba nomthelela uma kwenzeka iphutha, i-transformer kanye nohlelo lwayo kudingeka kuhlolwe ngokuningiliziwe, kunqunywe ugesi kanye nokulinganiswa kokushisa. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-transformer kuze kube yilapho imbangela itholakala noma isingathwa kahle.

II. Isenzo sokuvikela igesi (uhambo)

Uma isenzo sokuvikela igesi sokuhamba kwe-transformer, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe:

a) Qoqa igesi ye-gas relay ukuze kuhlaziywe i-chromatographic. Uma ingekho igesi, hlola ukuthi i-terminal kanye ne-lead insulation yesekethe yesibili kanye ne-gas relay zilungile yini.

b) Hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela, izinga lokushisa likawoyela nombala kawoyela kuyashintsha yini;

c) Hlola ukuthi ipayipi elingaqhumi liphukile yini bese ufutha uwoyela;

d) Hlola ukuthi igobolondo le-transformer likhubazekile yini nokuthi umthungo wokushisela ufakwe uwoyela yini.

e) Uma kungekho okungavamile okutholakalayo ngemva kokuhlolwa, futhi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kubangelwa iphutha lesifunda sesibili, ukuvikelwa kwegesi kungaxhunywa esignalini noma kuphume lapho ukuvikelwa komehluko kanye nokuvikelwa kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi kuqaliswa ukusebenza, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla kungahlolwa kanye, futhi ukuqapha kufanele kuqiniswe.

f) Uma kukhona igesi ku-gas relay noma kunenkinga ezintweni ezingenhla u-a, b, C no-d, ukuhlolwa kokucima ugesi kanye nokwelashwa okuhambisanayo kufanele kwenziwe, futhi kungasetshenziswa ngemuva kokudlula ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa.

III. Isenzo sokuvikela i-overcurrent ye-voltage transformer

Uma ukuvikelwa komshini wokudlulisa ugesi we-transformer kusebenza futhi kukhubeka, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe:

a) Hlola ibhasi kanye nemishini ebhasini ukuze kutholakale ukuthi i-short circuit noma i-dry ingakanani;

b) Hlola ukuthi amadivayisi amaningana okulinganisa e-transformer afinyeziwe yini;

c) Hlola ukuthi ukuvikelwa kohlangothi olune-voltage ephansi kuyasebenza yini nokuthi ukuvikelwa komugqa ngamunye kuyasebenza yini.

d) Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ibhasi lifile, umzila ophethwe yibhasi kufanele uvulwe.

e) Uma ibhasi lihluleka, cabanga ngokushintsha ibhasi noma ukudlulisa umthwalo.

f) Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi uhambo luwukweqiwa, xhumana nomthumeli osebenzayo bese uzama ukuluvula kanye.

g) Uma ugesi wokuhlola ulungile, thola umugqa wephutha ngamunye ngamunye.

h) Uma kubangelwa yisekethe, amandla angadluliselwa ngemva kokuba isici sephutha sesisusiwe.

IV. Isenzo sokuvikela umehluko we-transformer

O Shang Signal whheri I

Ngemva kohambo lokuvikela umehluko we-transformer, ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe:

a) Hlola ukuthi i-transformer ayijwayelekile yini, nokuthi ama-insulator angaphakathi kobubanzi bokuvikelwa okuhlukile anawo yini umonakalo kanye nokuqhekeka,

Hlola ukuthi i-lead ifushane yini.

b) Uma imishini engaphakathi kobubanzi bokuvikelwa okuhlukile ingenaphutha elisobala, hlola ukuthi ukuvikelwa kokudluliselwa kanye nesekethe yesibili kunephutha yini

Hlola ukuthi ngabe isekethe ye-DC isekelwe ezindaweni ezimbili.

c) Ngemva kokuhlolwa okungenhla, akukho phutha, futhi umbiko uvunyiwe ngunjiniyela oyinhloko, ukuhlolwa kokucindezela okuqhubekayo kufanele kwenziwe lapho umthwalo unqanyuliwe.

Yisebenzise ngemva kokutholakele ukuthi ilungile.

d) Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle okubangelwa yizifunda zikagesi nezesibili, ukuvikelwa komehluko kungasuswa ngemvume yonjiniyela oyinhloko.

Faka i-transformer ekusebenzeni.

e) Uma ukuvikelwa komehluko kanye nokuvikelwa kwegesi kusebenza ngasikhathi sinye ukukhuba i-transformer, akuvunyelwe

I-transformer iyasebenza.

V. Isitsha sokucindezela sivutha umlilo

Isimiso sokwelapha umlilo we-transformer: ukwehluleka kukagesi -- ukugeleza kukawoyela -- ukucima umlilo.

① Ukwehluleka kwamandla: uma i-transformer isha futhi isivikelo singakhubeki ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-circuit breaker kanye ne-isolation

Shiya iswishi ivaliwe, bese uphuma efrijini ukuze unqamule ukunikezwa kwamandla. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kubeke engcupheni ukusebenza kwemishini eseduze, xhumana ngesikhathi esifanele.

Misa ukusebenza kwemishini eseduze.

② Ukugeleza kukawoyela: Uma uwoyela ugcwala phezu kwesembozo esiphezulu se-transformer bese uvutha umlilo, vula ivalvu yokugeleza kukawoyela phansi kwe-transformer ukuze ukhiphe uwoyela.

Ichibi likawoyela eliphuthumayo, ukuze izinga likawoyela le-transformer libe ngaphansi kwezinga lomlilo; Uma iphutha langaphakathi le-transformer libangela umlilo

Ukukhipha uwoyela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma; Uma igobolondo le-transformer liphukile futhi kukhona ukugcwala uwoyela, ichibi lamafutha e-transformer kufanele livalwe ukuze kukhishwe amanzi nogesi.

Vula ivalvu kagesi yokukhipha uwoyela ukuze ukhiphe uwoyela uye echibini likawoyela eliphuthumayo le-transformer eyinhloko.

③ Vulela iphampu yomlilo bese uvula ivalvu yamanzi omlilo ukuze ufafaze i-transformer ukuze ucime umlilo. ④ Bika kumphathi bese uqala uhlelo oluphuthumayo.

⑤ Yazisa umnyango womlilo futhi usize ekusingatheni.

Qaphela: Ungahlanganyela ekulweni nomlilo ngaphandle kokubeka ukuphepha komuntu siqu engozini. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-carbon dioxide, ezine

I-carbon e-chlorine, isicisha-mlilo esinempuphu eyomile kanye nesihlabathi esomile; Abacimi-mlilo kufanele bagqoke imaski yegesi; Abasebenzi abakhethekile bazobekwa ukuba baqondise abacimi-mlilo,

Vimbela ukulimala.