Isigwebo kunye nonyango lweziganeko ezingaqhelekanga ze-transformer

Uhlalutyo olungaqhelekanga lokusebenza kwe-transformer

I. Isandi esingaqhelekanga se-transformer

Kwakamsinya nje ukuba i-transformer isebenze, kuya kubakho ingxolo ebhudlayo, ebangelwa ikakhulu yi-magnetic flux ephezulu. Ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, isandi se-transformer siyafana. Xa kukho ezinye ingxolo, fumana ngononophelo izizathu kwaye ujongane nazo.

1. Isandi se-transformer siphezulu kunesiqhelo, kwaye isandi silingana, esinokubangelwa zezi zizathu zilandelayo:

(1) Umbane ogqithisileyo uyenzeka kwigridi yamandla. Xa kusenzeka umbane ophantsi okanye umbane ogqithisileyo kwigridi yamandla, isandi setransformer siya kwanda. Kule meko, umgwebo opheleleyo unokwenziwa kunye nesalathiso sevoltmeter.

(2) Xa i-transformer igcwele kakhulu, iya kwenza i-transformer ikhuphe isandi esinzima "esikhwazayo". Ukuba umthwalo we-transformer ufunyenwe udlula ixabiso eliqhelekileyo elivumelekileyo lokugcwala, umthwalo we-transformer uya kuncitshiswa ngokwemigaqo yesiza.

Indlela yokunyanga: hlalutya izizathu, wenze iirekhodi, uqinise ukujonga, kwaye ubuyisele ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-transformer ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ibangelwa kukugqithisa kakhulu, umgaqo wokunyanga ukugqithisela kakhulu kufuneka ulandelwe.

2. I-transformer inomsindo

Isenokubangwa kukukhululeka kwezinye iindawo kwi-transformer. Ukuba isandi se-transformer sinyukile ngokucacileyo kwaye umbane kunye ne-voltage aziqhelekanga ngokucacileyo, inokubangelwa kukukhululeka kwe-clamp yangaphakathi okanye isikrufu esicinezela i-iron core, nto leyo eyandisa ukungcangcazela kweshiti yesinyithi ye-silicon.

Indlela yokunyanga: ukuba ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kwe-transformer, ingashiywa inganyangwa okwethutyana. Yenza iirekhodi, yomeleze ukubekwa esweni, xela kumthumeli-nkonzo kunye neenkokheli ezifanelekileyo ukuze kuhlolwe kwaye kulungiswe ukusilela kombane.

3. I-transformer inesandi sokukhupha

I-transformer inesandi sokuphuma "esiqhekekileyo". Ukuba kukho i-corona eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye i-spark kufutshane ne-transformer bushing ebusuku okanye xa kunemvula, oko kubonisa ukuba iindawo ze-porcelain zingcoliswe kakhulu okanye ikhadi lesixhobo alihambelani kakuhle. Kwimeko yokukhupha ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, kukukhupha ngombane kwiindawo ezingagungqiyo okanye ukukhupha nge-coil inter-turn, okanye ukukhupha ngenxa yokuthintana kakubi kwe-tap changer.

Indlela yokunyanga: xela kumthumeli-mpahla kunye neenkokheli ezifanelekileyo ngeli xesha kwaye ufake isicelo sokuhlolwa kokusilela kombane kunye nonyango lwe-transformer.

4. I-transformer ine-crack

Ibonisa ukuba ubushushu bangaphakathi okanye bomphezulu we-transformer buphukile, kwaye i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuze ihlolwe.

5. I-transformer inesandi sokubila kwamanzi

Ukuba i-transformer inomsindo wokubila kwamanzi, kwaye ubushushu butshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye inqanaba leoyile liyenyuka, kufuneka kugwetywe ukuba ukujija kwe-transformer kune-short circuit okanye ubushushu obukhulu obubangelwa kukungafiki kakuhle kwe-tap changer, kwaye i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuze ihlolwe.

II. Ubushushu obuphezulu beoyile

Ngokubanzi, ubushushu beoyile ephezulu yetransformer buya kubonwa ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye ubushushu bokujikajika buya kulawulwa ngokujonga ubushushu beoyile ephezulu ukuthintela ukuba inqanaba layo lobushushu lingawi kwaye liguge. Phantsi komthwalo oqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zokuphola eziqhelekileyo, ubushushu beoyile yetransformer bungaphezulu kwe-10 ℃ ngaphezu kwesiqhelo okanye umthwalo wetransformer awutshintshi, kwaye ubushushu beoyile buyanda rhoqo. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba isixhobo sokupholisa silungile kwaye i-thermometer ayinasiphene, kucingelwa ukuba itransformer ineziphene zangaphakathi (ezifana nomlilo wentsimbi kunye ne-wiring inter-turn short circuit, njl.njl.). Ngeli xesha, itransformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuthintela ukwanda kwengozi yetransformer.

III. Umbala weoyile ongaqhelekanga

Ioyile yetransformer mayibe tyheli eqaqambileyo kwaye ibonakale phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba umbala weoyile kwigeyiji yenqanaba leoyile uyatshintsha ngexesha lokusebenza, nxibelelana ukuze uthathe iisampulu zeoyile ukuze zihlalutywe ngamakhemikhali. Ukuba umbala weoyile yetransformer uyawohloka ngequbuliso ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye kukho ikhabhoni kwioyile nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga, umbane uya kunqunyulwa ngoko nangoko ukuze uhlolwe kwaye unyangwe.

IV. Inqanaba leoyile elingaqhelekanga

I-oyile conservator ye-transformer ixhotyiswe nge-oyile level gauge, ebonisa imigca emithathu ye-oyile xa ubushushu buyi-30 ℃, +20 ℃ kunye +40 ℃. Ngokwale mpawu zintathu, sinokugqiba ukuba kuyimfuneko na ukugcwalisa ioyile okanye ukuyikhupha.

Inqanaba eliphezulu leoyile:

Xa inqanaba leoyile yetransformer esebenza liphezulu kakhulu okanye ioyile iphuma kwi-conservator, qala ujonge ukuba umthwalo kunye nobushushu betransformer ziqhelekile na. Ukuba umthwalo kunye nobushushu ziqhelekile, kunokugwetywa ukuba inqanaba leoyile yobuxoki libangelwa kukuvaleka kwe-breather okanye i-oyile gauge. Ngeli xesha, ukhuseleko lwegesi (igesi enzima) luya kutshintshelwa kwisignali emva kokuba luvunyiwe ngumthumeli osebenzayo, kwaye emva koko i-respirator iya kutsalwa ukuze inyangwe. Ukuba ioyile iphuma kwi-conservator ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, ioyile iya kutsalwa.

Inqanaba leoyile eliphantsi:

Ukuba inqanaba leoyile yetransformer liphantsi kakhulu, ukhuseleko lwegesi (igesi ekhaphukhaphu) luya kusebenza; Kwimeko yokunqongophala kakhulu kweoyile, umbindi wentsimbi kunye nokujika zivezwa emoyeni, okunokufuma kwaye kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kobushushu. Ke ngoko, indlela yokufaka ioyile ye-vacuum kufuneka isetyenziswe ukufaka ioyile kwitransformer esebenzayo. Ukuba inqanaba leoyile lehla ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuvuza okukhulu kweoyile kwaye liwela ngaphantsi kwe-gas relay okanye liqhubeka nokuhla, itransformer mayimiswe ngoko nangoko.

V. Umthwalo ogqithisileyo

Xa i-transformer esebenza igcwele kakhulu, isalathisi se-ammeter sinokudlula ixabiso elizinzileyo, kwaye isignali kunye nentsimbi yesilumkiso zinokusebenza. Abasebenzi abasebenzayo baya kujongana nale migaqo ilandelayo:

① Jonga ukuba umsinga kwicala ngalinye uyadlula na ixabiso elichaziweyo uze uxele kumgcini-nkonzo osebenza apho.

② Jonga ukuba inqanaba leoyile kunye nobushushu betransformer ziqhelekile na, uze usebenzise zonke ii-cooler ngaxeshanye.

③ Lungisa imo yokusebenza ngexesha. Ukuba kukho i-transformer ehlala isetyenziswa, kufuneka iqalise ukusebenza.

④ Nxibelelana nomthumeli ukuze ulungise ukusasazwa komthwalo ngexesha.

⑤ Kwimeko yokugcwala okuqhelekileyo, ixesha lokusebenza elivumelekileyo linokugqitywa ngokwenani lokugcwala okuphindaphindwayo, kwaye ukubekwa esweni kwenqanaba leoyile kunye nobushushu beoyile kuya komelezwa. Ixabiso elivumelekileyo aliyi kugqithwa. Ukuba ixesha lidluliwe, umthwalo uya kuncitshiswa ngoko nangoko.

⑥ Kwimeko yokugqithisa ngengozi, ukuphindaphinda okuvumelekileyo kunye nexesha lokugqithisa kufuneka kuhambelane nemigaqo yomenzi. Ukuba ukugqithisa okuninzi kunye nexesha kudlula ixabiso elivumelekileyo, ukuthobela umthetho we-transformer kuya kuncitshiswa ngokwemigaqo.

⑦ Yenza uhlolo olupheleleyo lwe-transformer kunye neenkqubo zayo ezinxulumene nayo, kwaye uxele kwaye ulungise naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezifunyenweyo.

VI. Ukusilela kwenkqubo yokupholisa

Xa inkqubo yokupholisa yetransformer (ebhekisa kwimpompo yeoyile engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nenkqubo yamanzi okupholisa) ingaphumeleli, kwaye itransformer ithumela isignali yokufaka i-cooler standby kunye ne-cooler full stop, kuya kuthathwa la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Jonga ukuba i-standby cooler iqalisiwe na ngoko nangoko.

2. Jonga unobangela wokungasebenzi kombane ngoko nangoko uze ubuyisele indlela yokusebenza eqhelekileyo yesixhobo sokupholisa ngokukhawuleza.

3. Ukuqinisa ukubekwa esweni kobushushu beoyile ephezulu kunye nenqanaba leoyile yetransformer, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuvala ngokupheleleyo isixhobo sokupholisa.

4. Ukuba inkqubo yokupholisa ayinakulungiswa okwethutyana, faka isicelo sokunciphisa umthwalo okanye ufake isicelo sokuba i-transformer ingasebenzi ukuthintela i-transformer ukuba ingasebenzi ngaphaya kwexesha elichaziweyo lokungapholi, nto leyo ebangela ubushushu obuninzi kunye nomonakalo.

VII. Isenzo sokukhusela igesi

Izizathu zesenzo sokukhusela igesi zinokuba zezi:

1. Kukho impazamo encinci kwi-transformer, evelisa igesi ebuthathaka;

2. Umoya ungena kwi-transformer;

3. Inqanaba leoyile liyehla;

4. Impazamo yesekethe yesibini (njengokugxunyekwa kwesiseko senkqubo yeDC ngamanqaku amabini) ibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

Emva kokuba kuvele isignali yokukhusela igesi, umqhubi uya kuhlola ngaphandle kwangoko kwi-transformer. Okokuqala, jonga inqanaba leoyile kunye nombala kwi-conservator, ukuba kukho igesi kwi-relay yegesi, ubungakanani kunye nombala wegesi, uze ujonge ukuba kukho ukuvuza kweoyile emzimbeni we-transformer kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kweoyile enyanzelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, jonga umthwalo, ubushushu kunye nesandi se-transformer. Emva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga ifunyenweyo, igesi evela kwi-transformer iya kutsalwa ukuze kufunyanwe uhlobo lwegesi, kwaye isampuli yeoyile iya kuthathwa ukuze ivavanywe ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze kuchongwe kunye uhlobo lwempazamo.

VIII. Iindawo kunye nezizathu zokuba kube lula ukuzifudumeza ngexesha lokusebenza

1. Unxibelelwano olubi lweswitshi yokumpompa

Ukudibana okungekho semgangathweni kwenza ukuba ukumelana nokudibana kunyuke, ukusetyenziswa kunyuke, kwaye ubushushu bube bukhulu. Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi emva kokutshintsha itephu naxa itransformer igcwele kakhulu.

2. Isekethe emfutshane yokujikeleza i-winding interturn

I-inter-turn short circuit ibhekisa kumonakalo wokufakelwa kwe-insulation phakathi kwee-wire turns ezikufutshane. Oku kuya kubangela i-closed short circuit loop kwaye kunciphise inani le-winding turns zale sigaba. Kukho i-short-circuit current ebangelwa yi-alternating magnetic flux kwi-short-circuit loop, eya kuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu kwaye inokubangela ukuba i-transformer itshise.

3. Kukho isekethe emfutshane phakathi kwamaphepha esinyithi esinyithi e-silicon angundoqo

Ubushushu bepeyinti phakathi kwamaphepha esinyithi e-silicon buyayonakala ngenxa yomonakalo wamandla angaphandle okanye ukuguga kobushushu, okuya kunyusa umsinga we-eddy, kubangele ubushushu obugqithisileyo bendawo, kwaye kunyibilikise nomonakalo kwiimeko ezinzima, okubizwa ngokuba ngumlilo wentsimbi.

4. Ukudibana kakubi kwezinye iindawo kubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwindawo ethile.

Iingcebiso zonyango: jonga ngokusondeleyo utshintsho lobushushu kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, uqinisekise ukhuseleko lokusebenza, uhlalutye unobangela wobushushu obugqithisileyo, nxibelelana nomthumeli-nkonzo, kwaye ujongane nokusilela kombane.

Unyango lwengozi yetransformer

Jikelele: Ngokwe-6.1.2 ye-DL/T572-95 Power Transformer Operation Specifications:

I-transformer kufuneka ivalwe ngoko nangoko xa kukho nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo. Ukuba kukho i-transformer esetyenziswayo, kufuneka iqaliswe ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza:

A. Ingxolo yetransformer ngokucacileyo inyukile, ayiqhelekanga, kwaye kukho umngxuma ngaphakathi;

B. Ukuvuza okukhulu kweoyile okanye ukujova ioyile kubangela ukuba inqanaba leoyile liwe ngaphantsi komda ochaziweyo wegeyiji yenqanaba leoyile;

C. I-bushing yonakele kakhulu kwaye ikhutshiwe;

D. I-transformer iyatshaya kwaye ivutha umlilo.

I. Ukukhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo kwetransformer

Emva kokukhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-transformer, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe olu vavanyo nonyango lulandelayo:

① Emva kokukhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-transformer, umqhubi uya kuqhuba unyango olucwangcisiweyo, oko kukuthi, asebenzise i-standby transformer, alungise imo yokusebenza kunye nokusasazwa komthwalo, aze agcine inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zayo zikwimeko eqhelekileyo.

② Jonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokukhusela kwaye luchanekile na.

③ Qonda ukuba inkqubo ineziphene na kunye nohlobo lweziphene.

④ Umbane ungavavanywa kube kanye ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle phantsi kwezi meko zilandelayo: ukuchukumisa kwabasebenzi, ukusebenza kakubi kunye nokukhusela kakubi; kuphela

Izenzo zokukhusela umbane ogqithisileyo we-voltage ephantsi okanye ixesha elilinganiselweyo lokukhusela umbane ogqithisileyo, kunye nezixhobo zenqanaba elilandelayo ze-transformer ziyahamba ngaxeshanye, kodwa ukhuseleko lwazo alusebenzi, kwaye indawo yempazamo ihlulwe.

⑤ Kwimeko yokhuseleko oluhlukeneyo, ukhuseleko lwegesi okanye ukhuseleko olukhawulezileyo oludlulayo kunye nezinye izenzo zokhuseleko, kwaye kukho impembelelo kwimeko yempazamo, i-transformer kunye nenkqubo yayo kufuneka ihlolwe ngokweenkcukacha, ukunqunyulwa kombane kunye nokulinganiswa kobushushu. Akuvumelekanga ukwenza i-transformer isebenze de kufunyanwe imbangela okanye iphathwe ngokufanelekileyo.

II. Isenzo sokukhusela igesi (uhambo)

Xa isenzo sokukhusela igesi xa i-transformer itshintsha, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe olu hlolo nonyango lulandelayo:

a) Qokelela igesi ye-gas relay ukuze kuhlalutywe i-chromatographic. Ukuba akukho gesi, jonga ukuba i-terminal kunye ne-lead insulation yesekethe yesibini kunye ne-gas relay zilungile na.

b) Jonga ukuba inqanaba leoyile, ubushushu beoyile kunye nombala weoyile ziyatshintsha na;

c) Jonga ukuba umbhobho ongenakuqhushumba uphukile na uze utshize ngeoyile;

d) Jonga ukuba igobolondo le-transformer likhubazekile na kwaye ingaba umthungo we-welding ufakwe ioyile na.

e) Ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga ifunyenweyo emva kokuhlolwa, kwaye kuqinisekiswa ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kubangelwa yimpazamo yesekethe yesibini, ukhuseleko lwegesi lungaqhagamshelwa kwisignali okanye luphume xa ukhuseleko lomahluko kunye nokhuseleko olugqithisileyo luqaliswa ukusebenza, kwaye umbane unokuvavanywa kube kanye, kwaye ukubekwa esweni kuya komelezwa.

f) Ukuba kukho igesi kwi-gas relay okanye kukho ingxaki kwizinto ezingentla u-a, u-b, u-C kunye no-d, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lokucima umbane kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, kwaye lungasetyenziswa emva kokuphumelela uvavanyo.

III. Isenzo sokukhusela i-overcurrent ye-voltage transformer

Xa ukhuseleko lwe-transformer olugqithisileyo lusebenza kwaye luhamba, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe olu hlolo nonyango lulandelayo:

a) Jonga ibhasi kunye nezixhobo ezisebhasini ukuze ubone ukuba azikho kufutshane okanye azikho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo;

b) Jonga ukuba izixhobo zokulinganisa ezininzi ze-transformer zifutshane na;

c) Jonga ukuba ukhuselo lwecala olune-voltage ephantsi luyasebenza na kwaye nokuba ukhuselo lomgca ngamnye luyasebenza na.

d) Xa kuqinisekiswa ukuba ibhasi ifile, umgca olawulwa yibhasi kufuneka uvulwe.

e) Kwimeko yokusilela kwebhasi, cinga ngokutshintsha ibhasi okanye ukuhambisa umthwalo.

f) Ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba uhambo alunakwenzeka, nxibelelana nomthumeli-nkonzo osebenzayo uze uzame ukuluvula kube kanye.

g) Xa umbane wovavanyo ulungile, fumana umgca wempazamo nganye nganye.

h) Ukuba ibangelwa yisekethe, amandla angadluliselwa emva kokuba i-fault factor isusiwe.

IV. Isenzo sokukhusela umahluko wetransformer

O Shang Signal whheri I

Emva kohambo lokukhusela umahluko we-transformer, kuya kwenziwa olu hlolo nonyango lulandelayo:

a) Jonga ukuba i-transformer ayiqhelekanga na, kwaye ingaba ii-insulator ezikuluhlu lokhuselo oluhlukeneyo zinee-flashover kunye nomonakalo na,

Jonga ukuba intambo imfutshane na.

b) Ukuba izixhobo ezikwindawo yokukhusela umahluko azinasiphako sicacileyo, jonga ukuba ukhuseleko lwe-relay kunye nesekethe yesibini zinesiphako na

Jonga ukuba isekethe yeDC isekelwe kwiindawo ezimbini na.

c) Emva kovavanyo olungentla, akukho mpazamo, kwaye ingxelo ivunyiwe yinjineli eyintloko, uvavanyo loxinzelelo oluqhubekayo luya kwenziwa xa umthwalo unqunyanyisiwe.

Yisebenzise emva kokuba ibonakalisiwe ukuba ilungile.

d) Kwimeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle okubangelwa ziisekethe zombane nezesibini, ukhuseleko lokwahluka lungasuswa ngemvume yenjineli eyintloko.

Sebenzisa i-transformer.

e) Xa ukhuselo lokwahluka kunye nokhuselo lwegesi zisebenza ngaxeshanye ukukhubeka kwi-transformer, akuvumelekanga ukuba

I-transformer iyasebenza.

V. Isitya soxinzelelo esivuthayo

Umgaqo wonyango lomlilo we-transformer: ukusilela kombane -- ukukhupha ioyile -- ukucima umlilo.

① Ukusilela kombane: ukuba i-transformer iyatsha kwaye ukhuseleko alukhubeki ngokuzenzekelayo, i-circuit breaker kunye ne-isolation

Shiya iswitshi icinyiwe, kwaye uphume kwi-cooler ukuze ucime umbane wayo. Kwimeko apho kunokubangela ingozi ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo ezikufutshane, qhagamshelana nayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Yeka ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezikufutshane.

② Ukukhupha ioyile: Ukuba ioyile igcwele phezu kwesiciko esiphezulu setransformer ize ivuthe umlilo, vula ivalvu yokukhupha ioyile ezantsi kwetransformer ukuze ukhuphe ioyile.

Ichibi leoyile elingxamisekileyo, ukuze inqanaba leoyile yetransformer libe phantsi kunenqanaba lomlilo; Ukuba isiphene sangaphakathi setransformer sibangela umlilo

Ukukhupha ioyile ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhuma; Ukuba igobolondo letransformer liphukile kwaye kukho ukugcwala kweoyile, ichibi leoyile yetransformer kufuneka livalwe ukuze kukhutshwe amanzi kunye nombane.

Vula ivalvu yombane ye-oyile ukuze ukhuphe ioyile uye kwidama le-oyile elingxamisekileyo le-transformer ephambili.

③ Vula ipompo yomlilo uze uvule ivalvu yamanzi omlilo ukuze utshize i-transformer ukuze ucime umlilo. ④ Bika umphathi kwaye uqalise isicwangciso sengxamiseko.

⑤ Yazisa isebe lomlilo kwaye uncedise ekulawuleni.

Qaphela: Ungabandakanyeka ekulweni nomlilo ngaphandle kokubeka ukhuseleko lwakho esichengeni. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-carbon dioxide, ezine

I-carbon eklorini, isitshizi somlilo somgubo owomileyo kunye nesanti eyomileyo; Abacimi-mlilo kufuneka banxibe iimaski zegesi; Abasebenzi abakhethekileyo baya kwabelwa ukuba balawule ukucima umlilo,

Thintela iingozi.