Ungagweba kwaye ujongane njani nezi ziganeko zingaqhelekanga kwiitransformer?

1. Isandi se-transformer sikhulu kunesiqhelo, kwaye isandi siyafana. Kusenokuba kukho ezi zizathu zilandelayo:

(1) Umbane ogqithisileyo uyenzeka kwigridi yamandla. Xa kusenzeka isiseko sesigaba esinye kwigridi yamandla okanye kwenzeka umbane ogqithisileyo, isandi setransformer siya kwanda.

(2) Xa i-transformer igcwele kakhulu, i-transformer iya kwenza isandi esinzima "sokukhwaza". Ukuba umthwalo we-transformer ufunyenwe udlula ixabiso eliqhelekileyo elivumelekileyo lokugqithisa, umthwalo we-transformer kufuneka uncitshiswe ngokwemigaqo ekwindawo leyo.

Isisombululo: hlalutya izizathu, wenze iirekhodi, uqinise ukujonga, kwaye ubuyisele i-transformer ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ibangelwa kukugqithisa kakhulu, kufuneka yenziwe ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wonyango lokugqithisa kakhulu.

2. I-transformer inomsindo

Kunokubakho ukungcangcazela okubangelwa ziindawo ezikhululekileyo kwi-transformer. Ukuba isandi se-transformer sinyuswe kakhulu, kwaye umbane kunye ne-voltage aziqhelekanga, oku kunokubangelwa kukukhululeka kwe-clamp yangaphakathi okanye isikrufu esicinezela i-iron core, nto leyo eyandisa ukungcangcazela kweshiti yesinyithi ye-silicon.

Indlela yokunyanga: Ukuba ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kwe-transformer, ayinakujongwana nayo okwethutyana, yenze iirekhodi, iqinise ukubekwa esweni, inike ingxelo kwaye ithunyelwe, kwaye ifake isicelo sokuhlolwa nokucutshungulwa kokucima kombane ngabaphathi abafanelekileyo.

3. I-transformer inesandi sokukhupha

I-transformer inesandi "esiqhaqhazelayo". Ukuba ubona i-corona eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye iintlantsi kufutshane ne-transformer bushing ebusuku okanye xa kunetha imvula, oko kuthetha ukuba iindawo ze-porcelain zingcolile kakhulu okanye amakhadi eentambo zezixhobo adibananga kakuhle. Ukuba i-transformer ikhutshwa ngaphakathi, kukukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic kwezinto ezingagungqiyo okanye ukukhutshwa kwe-inter-turn kwe-coil, okanye ukukhutshwa ngenxa yokudibana okungahambi kakuhle kwe-tap changer.

Isisombululo: Ngeli xesha, umthumeli kunye neenkokheli ezifanelekileyo kufuneka baxelelwe ukuba bafake isicelo sokuhlolwa kokusilela kombane kwi-transformer.

4. I-transformer inesandi esivakalayo

Ibonisa ukuba ubushushu bangaphakathi okanye bomphezulu we-transformer buphukile, kwaye i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuze ihlolwe.

5. I-transformer inesandi samanzi abilayo

Ukuba i-transformer inomsindo wokubila kwamanzi, kwaye ubushushu butshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye inqanaba leoyile liyenyuka, kufuneka kugwetywe ukuba ukujija kwe-transformer kunqunyulwe nge-short-circuit okanye i-tap changer ayihambelani kakuhle ngenxa yobushushu obukhulu, kwaye i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuze ihlolwe.

(2) Ubushushu beoyile obuphezulu buphezulu

Ngokwesiqhelo, ubushushu beoyile yomaleko ophezulu we-transformer kufuneka bufunyanwe ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye ubushushu be-windings kufuneka bulawulwe ngokulawula ubushushu beoyile yomaleko ophezulu ukuthintela ukuba inqanaba lobushushu lingawi kwaye liguge. Phantsi komthwalo oqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zokuphola eziqhelekileyo, ubushushu beoyile ye-transformer bungaphezulu kwe-10°C kunesiqhelo okanye umthwalo we-transformer awutshintshi, kwaye ubushushu beoyile buyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Impazamo (njengomlilo wentsimbi kunye nokujikeleza okufutshane phakathi kokujika kwe-winding, njl.njl.). Ngeli xesha, i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuthintela ingozi ye-transformer ukuba ikhule.

(3) Umbala weoyile awuqhelekanga

Ngokwesiqhelo, ioyile yetransformer kufuneka ibe tyheli eqaqambileyo kwaye ibonakale. Xa kufunyaniswe ukuba umbala weoyile kwigeyiji yenqanaba leoyile uyatshintsha ngexesha lokusebenza, kufuneka uqhagamshelane ukuze uthathe iisampulu zeoyile ukuze zihlalutywe elebhu. Ukuba umbala weoyile yetransformer uyawohloka ngequbuliso ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye kukho ikhabhoni kwioyile nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga, umbane kufuneka unqunyulwe ngoko nangoko ukuze uhlolwe kwaye unyangwe.

(4) Inqanaba leoyile aliqhelekanga

Umqamelo weoyile wetransformer uxhotyiswe ngegeyiji yenqanaba leoyile, ebonisa imigca emithathu yenqanaba leoyile xa ubushushu buyi-30°C, +20°C, kunye ne-+40°C. Ngokwale migca mithathu yokumakisha, kunokugwetywa ukuba kuyimfuneko na ukugcwalisa ipetroli okanye ukukhupha amanzi.

Inqanaba eliphezulu leoyile:

Xa inqanaba leoyile yetransformer esebenza liphezulu kakhulu okanye ioyile iphuma kumqamelo weoyile, kufuneka uqale ujonge ukuba umthwalo kunye nobushushu betransformer buqhelekile na. Inqanaba leoyile yobuxoki. Ngeli xesha, ngemvume yomntu othumelayo emsebenzini, ukhuseleko lwegesi (igesi enzima) kufuneka lutshintshwe lube yisignali, kwaye emva koko i-respirator kufuneka isuswe ukuze icutshungulwe. Ukuba umqamelo weoyile uphuma ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, kufuneka ukhutshwe amanzi.

Inqanaba leoyile eliphantsi:

Ukuba inqanaba leoyile yetransformer liphantsi kakhulu, ukhuseleko lwegesi (igesi ekhaphukhaphu) luya kusebenza; xa kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kweoyile, umbindi wentsimbi kunye neengcingo ziya kuvezwa emoyeni, nto leyo elula ukuchaphazeleka kukufuma kwaye inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kobushushu. Ukugcwalisa ipetroli. Ukuba inqanaba leoyile lehla ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuvuza okukhulu kweoyile, ngaphantsi kwereyi yegesi okanye iqhubeka nokuhla, itransformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko.

(5) Umthwalo ogqithisileyo

Xa i-transformer esebenza igcwele kakhulu, isalathisi se-ammeter sidlula ixabiso elizinzileyo, isignali, intsimbi yesilumkiso, njl.njl. sinokuvela. Abaqhubi kufuneka bayiphathe ngokwemigaqo elandelayo:

①Jonga ukuba umbane kwicala ngalinye uyadlula na ixabiso elichaziweyo, uze uxele kwigosa elisebenzayo.

②Jonga ukuba inqanaba leoyile kunye nobushushu beoyile yetransformer ziqhelekile na, uze usebenzise zonke ii-cooler ngaxeshanye.

③ Lungisa imo yokusebenza ngexesha. Ukuba kukho i-transformer eseleyo, kufuneka iqalise ukusebenza.

④Nxibelelana nocwangciso kwaye ulungise ukusasazwa komthwalo ngexesha.

⑤ Kwimeko yokugqithiswa okuqhelekileyo, ixesha lokusebenza elivumelekileyo linokugqitywa ngokwenani lokugqithiswa okuphindaphindweyo, kwaye ukubekwa kweliso kwinqanaba leoyile kunye nobushushu beoyile kuya komelezwa, kwaye ixabiso elivumelekileyo aliyi kudlulwa. Ukuba ixesha lidluliwe, umthwalo kufuneka uncitshiswe ngoko nangoko.

⑥ Kwimeko yokugqithisa ngengozi, ukuphindaphinda okuvumelekileyo kunye nexesha lokugqithisa kufuneka kusetyenziswe ngokwemigaqo yomenzi. Ukuba ukugqithisa okuninzi kunye nexesha kudlula ixabiso elivumelekileyo, ukuthobela kwe-transformer kufuneka kuncitshiswe ngokwemigaqo.

⑦ Yenza uhlolo olupheleleyo lwe-transformer kunye neenkqubo zayo ezinxulumene nayo. Ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga efunyenweyo, kufuneka ixelwe kwaye ijongwane nayo.

(6) Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokupholisa

Xa inkqubo yokupholisa yetransformer (ebhekisa kwimpompo engaphantsi komhlaba, inkqubo yamanzi okupholisa) inempazamo, kwaye itransformer ithumela igalelo elilindileyo le-chiller kunye nesignali yokuma ngokupheleleyo kwe-chiller, kufuneka kuthathwe la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Kufuneka kuhlolwe ngoko nangoko ukuba i-backup cooler iyasebenza na.

2. Jonga ngoko nangoko unobangela wokucima kombane kwaye ubuyisele ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo sokupholisa ngokukhawuleza.

3. Qinisa ukubekwa esweni kobushushu beoyile kunye nenqanaba leoyile yomaleko ongaphezulu wetransformer, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuma ngokupheleleyo kwesixhobo sokupholisa.

4. Ukuba inkqubo yokupholisa ayinakubuyiselwa okwethutyana, kufuneka kwenziwe isicelo sokunciphisa umthwalo okanye isicelo sokuba i-transformer irhoxiswe ekusebenzeni ukuthintela i-transformer ukuba isebenze ixesha elingaphezulu kwexesha elichaziweyo lokungapholi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshiseni kakhulu nasekonakaleni.

(7) Isenzo sokukhusela igesi

Izizathu zokuthintela igesi zingaba zezi:

1. Kukho impazamo encinci kwi-transformer, evelisa igesi ebuthathaka;

2. Umoya ungena kwi-transformer;

3. Inqanaba leoyile liyehla;

4. Impazamo yesekethe yesibini (njengokugutyungelwa kwesiseko senkqubo yeDC ngamanqaku amabini, njl.njl.), okubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

Emva kokuba isignali yokukhusela igesi ivele, umqhubi kufuneka enze uhlolo lwangaphandle lwe-transformer ngoko nangoko. Okokuqala, jonga inqanaba leoyile kunye nombala weoyile kumqamelo weoyile, ukuba kukho igesi, umthamo wegesi kunye nombala kwi-relay yegesi, uze ujonge ukuba kukho ukuvuza kweoyile emzimbeni we-transformer kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kweoyile enyanzelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, jonga utshintsho kumthwalo we-transformer, ubushushu kunye nesandi, njl. Emva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga ifunyenweyo, igesi yegesi ye-transformer kufuneka ifunxwe ukuze kufunyanwe uhlobo lwegesi, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, isampuli yeoyile kufuneka ithathwe ukuze ivavanywe ukuze kuchongwe kunye uhlobo lwempazamo.

(8) Iindawo kunye nezizathu ezibangela ubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza

1. Isixhobo sokutshintsha itephu asihambelani kakuhle

Ukudibana okungekho semgangathweni kukhokelela ekuchaseni ukudibana okwandileyo, ukusetyenziswa okwandileyo, kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu obunzima. Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi emva kokutshintsha kwempompo naxa i-transformer igcwele kakhulu.

2. Ukujikeleza okufutshane phakathi kokujika kokujika

Iishothi ezijikayo zibangela umonakalo kwi-insulation phakathi kwee-turns ezikufutshane. Oku kuya kudala i-short-circuit loop evaliweyo kwaye kunciphise inani le-winding turns zelo nqanaba. Kukho i-short-circuit current ebangelwa yi-alternating magnetic flux kwi-short-circuit loop, eya kuvelisa ubushushu obuphezulu kwaye inokubangela ukuba i-transformer itshise.

3. Kukho umjikelo omfutshane phakathi kwamaphepha esinyithi esinyithi e-silicon angundoqo

Ngenxa yomonakalo wamandla angaphandle okanye ukuguga kwe-insulation kunye nezinye izizathu, i-insulation yesikhumba sepeyinti phakathi kwamaphepha esinyithi e-silicon yonakele, nto leyo eya kunyusa umsinga we-eddy, ibangele ubushushu obuphezulu bendawo, kwaye ide inyibilike kwiimeko ezinzima. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-iron core fire.

4. Ukudibana kakubi kwezinye iindawo kubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwindawo ethile.

Ingcebiso yokuphatha: jonga ngokusondeleyo utshintsho lobushushu kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, uhlalutye izizathu zobushushu obugqithisileyo, ucwangcise ixesha lokudibana, kwaye ujongane nokucinywa kombane.

2. Ukuphathwa ngengozi kweetransformer

Jikelele: Ngokwe-6.1.2 ye-DL/T572-95 "Imimiselo Yokusebenza Kwabaguquli Bamandla":

Ukuba i-transformer inenye yezi meko zilandelayo, kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko. Ukuba kukho i-transformer eseleyo esetyenziswayo, kufuneka iqaliswe ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza:

a. Isandi se-transformer sinyukile ngokucacileyo, nto leyo engaqhelekanga kakhulu, kwaye kukho isandi esiphumayo ngaphakathi;

b. Ukuvuza okukhulu kweoyile okanye ukufakwa kweoyile, ukuze inqanaba leoyile lehle ngaphantsi komda obonisiwe wegeyiji yenqanaba leoyile;

c. Ibhokisi yonakele kakhulu kwaye ikhupha amanzi;

d. I-transformer ivutha ngumlilo ngomsi.

(1) Uhambo oluzenzekelayo lwe-transformer

Emva kokuba i-transformer itshintshe ngokuzenzekelayo, kufuneka kwenziwe olu hlolo nonyango lulandelayo:

①Emva kokukhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-transformer, umqhubi kufuneka enze unyango olucwangcisiweyo, oko kukuthi, asebenzise i-backup transformer, alungise imo yokusebenza kunye nokusasazwa komthwalo, aze agcine inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zayo zikwimeko eqhelekileyo.

②Jonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesenzo sokukhusela kwaye ingaba isenzo sichanekile na.

③ Qonda ukuba inkqubo inesiphako na kunye nohlobo lwesiphako.

④Le miqathango ilandelayo inokuvavanywa kube kanye ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle: abasebenzi bachukumisa ngempazamo, basebenza kwaye bakhusela ukungasebenzi kakuhle; kuphela ukhuseleko olugqithisileyo olusebenzisa umbane ophantsi okanye olunexesha elilinganiselweyo olusebenzayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, izixhobo zenqanaba elilandelayo zetransformer ekhubekayo ziyasilela kwaye ukhuseleko lwayo alusebenzi. Kwaye indawo yokusilela iyahlulwa.

⑤ Ukuba lukhuselo oluchaseneyo, olukhusela igesi okanye olukhawulezileyo oluthintela umbane ogqithisileyo kunye nezinye izenzo zokukhusela, kwaye kukho impembelelo xa kukho impazamo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwe-transformer kunye nenkqubo yayo, ukucima kombane kunye nokulinganisa ubushushu. Akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa i-transformer de kube imbangela ingachongwanga okanye ingajongwanga.

(2) Isenzo sokukhusela igesi (ukukhubeka)

Xa isenzo sokukhusela igesi se-transformer sitshintsha, kufuneka kwenziwe olu hlolo kunye nonyango lulandelayo:

a) Qokelela igesi yereyi yegesi ukuze kuhlalutywe i-chromatographic. Ukuba akukho gesi, jonga ukuba iintsika zocingo kunye neentambo zesekethe yesibini kunye nereyi yegesi zigqunywe kakuhle na.

b) Jonga ukuba inqanaba leoyile, ubushushu beoyile kunye nombala weoyile zitshintshile na;

c) Jonga ukuba umbhobho ongenakuqhushumba uphukile na uze ufake ipetroli;

d) Jonga ukuba iqokobhe le-transformer likhubazekile na kwaye umthungo we-welding utshiziwe na.

e) Ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga ifunyenweyo emva kokuhlolwa, kwaye kuqinisekiswa ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kubangelwa yimpazamo yesekethe yesibini, ukhuseleko lwegesi lungaqhagamshelwa kwisignali okanye lurhoxiswe phantsi kwemeko yokuba ukhuselo lomahluko kunye nokhuselo olugqithisileyo luvuliwe, vavanya umbane kube kanye, kwaye womeleze imonitha.

f) Ukuba kukho igesi kwi-gas relay okanye kukho iingxaki ngezinto ezingentla u-a, u-b, u-c, kunye no-d, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lokusilela kombane kwaye kwenziwe unyango olufanelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka kugqitywe uvavanyo ngaphambi kokuba luqaliswe.

(3) Isenzo sokukhusela i-transformer overcurrent

Xa isenzo sokukhusela i-transformer esidlula umbane sidlula, kufuneka kwenziwe olu hlolo kunye nonyango lulandelayo:

a) Jonga ibhasi kunye nezixhobo ezikwibhasi ukuze ubone ukuba azikho na ii-short circuit kunye neenkunkuma;

b) Jonga ukuba izixhobo zovavanyo ezininzi ze-transformer zifutshane na;

c) Jonga ukuba ukhuseleko kwicala le-voltage ephantsi luyasebenza na, kwaye nokuba ukhuseleko lomgca ngamnye luyasebenza na.

d) Xa kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ibhasi ayinawo umbane, umgca ophathwa yibhasi kufuneka uvulwe.

e) Kwimeko yokusilela kwebhasi, cinga ngokutshintsha ibhasi okanye ukudlulisela umthwalo.

f) Xa kuqinisekisiwe ukuba luhambo oluya kudlula emva kokuhlolwa, kuya kufuneka uqhagamshelane nomthumeli-nkonzo osebenza kwaye uzame ukuthumela umbane kube kanye.

g) Xa umbane wovavanyo ulungile, jonga umgca onempazamo nganye nganye.

h) Ukuba ibangelwa yisekethe, umbane ungathunyelwa kuphela emva kokususa i-fault factor.

(4) Isenzo sokukhusela umahluko wetransformer

Emva kohambo lokukhusela umahluko we-transformer, kufuneka kwenziwe olu hlolo kunye nonyango lulandelayo:

a) Jonga ukuba i-transformer ayiqhelekanga na, jonga ukuba ii-insulator ezikuluhlu lokhuselo oluhlukeneyo zinee-flashover, umonakalo, kunye nokuba iileads zifutshane na.

b) Ukuba akukho siphako sicacileyo kwizixhobo ezikuluhlu lokhuselo oluhlukeneyo, jonga ukuba ukhuseleko lwe-relay kunye nesekethe yesibini zineempazamo na, kwaye ingaba isekethe ye-DC isekelwe kwiindawo ezimbini.

c) Akukho siphoso kuhlolo olungentla, kwaye emva kokunika ingxelo kwinjineli eyintloko ukuze ivunywe, uvavanyo loxinzelelo olunyukayo kufuneka lwenziwe xa umthwalo unqunyanyisiwe, kwaye luqaliswe ukusebenza emva kokuphela kwexesha.

d) Ukuba kukungasebenzi kakuhle okubangelwe yisekethe yombane, isekethe yesibini, njl.njl., ngemvume yenjineli eyintloko, ukhuselo lomahluko lungarhoxiswa kwaye i-transformer ingasetyenziswa.

e) Xa ukhuselo lomahluko kunye nokhuselo lwegesi zisebenza ngaxeshanye ukukhubeka kwe-transformer, i-transformer ayizukuqaliswa ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuhlolwa novavanyo lwangaphakathi.

(5) I-transformer ibamba umlilo

Imigaqo yonyango lomlilo wetransformer: ukusilela kombane - ukukhupha ioyile - ukucima umlilo.

① Ukungasebenzi kombane: I-transformer iyatsha. Ukuba ukhuselo alukhubeki ngokuzenzekelayo, ii-circuit breakers kunye nee-isolation switches eziqhagamshelwe kuyo kufuneka zisuswe kuqala, kwaye i-cooler kufuneka irhoxiswe ukuze kususwe umbane wayo. Ukuba ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezikufutshane kusengozini, kufuneka kuqhagamshelwe nayo ngexesha ukuze kumiswe ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezikufutshane.

② Ukukhupha ioyile: Ukuba ioyile igcwele ngaphezulu kwetransformer ize ivuthe umlilo, vula ivalvu yokukhupha ioyile ezantsi kwetransformer uze uyikhuphele kwidama leoyile yengozi, ukuze inqanaba leoyile yetransformer libe ngaphantsi komphezulu womlilo; ukuba isiphene sangaphakathi setransformer sibangela umlilo, ayinakukhutshelwa ioyile ukuthintela ukuqhuma; ukuba isingxobo setransformer siqhekekile kwaye ioyile igcwele, vala ivalvu yombane yedama leoyile yetransformer, vula ivalvu yombane yedama leoyile, uze uyikhuphele ioyile kwidama leoyile yengozi yetransformer ephambili.

③ Qalisa ipompo yamanzi omlilo, vula ivalvu yamanzi omlilo uze utshize i-transformer ukuze ucime umlilo.

④ Xela kumphathi kwaye usebenzise isicwangciso sengxamiseko.

⑤ Yazisa isebe lomlilo ukuba likuncede.

Qaphela: Thatha inxaxheba ekucimeni umlilo ngaphandle kokubeka ukhuseleko lomntu esichengeni. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-carbon dioxide, i-carbon tetrachloride, izicimi-mlilo zomgubo owomileyo kunye nesanti eyomileyo xa ucima umlilo; abacimi-mlilo kufuneka banxibe iimaski zegesi.