Ungahlulela futhi ubhekane kanjani nalezi zimo ezingavamile kuma-transformer?

1. Umsindo we-transformer mkhulu kunokuvamile, futhi umsindo uyafana. Kungase kube nezizathu ezilandelayo:

(1) Kwenzeka i-overvoltage kugridi yamandla. Uma kwenzeka i-grounding yesigaba esisodwa kugridi yamandla noma kwenzeka i-resonance overvoltage, umsindo we-transformer uzokwanda.

(2) Uma i-transformer igcwele ngokweqile, i-transformer izokwenza umsindo oqinile othi "hum". Uma umthwalo we-transformer utholakala udlula inani elivumelekile lokulayisha ngokweqile, umthwalo we-transformer kufanele wehliswe ngokuya ngemithethonqubo ekhona endaweni.

Isixazululo: hlaziya izizathu, bhala phansi, uqinise ukuqapha, bese ubuyisela i-transformer ekusebenzeni okuvamile ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ibangelwa ukulayisha ngokweqile, kufanele yenziwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokwelashwa kokulayisha ngokweqile.

2. I-transformer inomsindo

Kungase kube nokudlidliza okubangelwa izingxenye ezikhululekile ku-transformer. Uma umsindo we-transformer ukhushulwe kakhulu, futhi amandla kagesi kanye ne-voltage kungejwayelekile, kungase kubangelwe ukukhululeka kwe-clamp yangaphakathi noma isikulufu esicindezela i-iron core, okwandisa ukudlidliza kweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon.

Indlela yokwelapha: Uma ingathinti ukusebenza kwe-transformer, ingasetshenziswa okwesikhashana, yenze amarekhodi, iqinise ukuqapha, ibike futhi ithumele, futhi ifake isicelo sokuhlolwa nokucutshungulwa kokuphazamiseka kukagesi ngabaholi abafanele.

3. I-transformer inomsindo wokukhipha

I-transformer inomsindo wokukhipha "oqhumayo". Uma ubona i-corona eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma izinhlansi eduze kwe-transformer bushing ebusuku noma lapho lina, kusho ukuthi izingxenye ze-porcelain zingcolile kakhulu noma amakhadi omugqa wemishini awathintani kahle. Uma i-transformer ikhipha ngaphakathi, kungukukhishwa kwe-electrostatic kwezingxenye ezingaguquki noma ukukhishwa kwe-inter-turn kwe-coil, noma ukukhishwa ngenxa yokuxhumana okubi kwe-tap changer.

Isixazululo: Ngalesi sikhathi, umthumeli kanye nabaholi abafanele kufanele babikwe ukuthi bafake isicelo sokuhlolwa kokwehluleka kukagesi kwe-transformer.

4. I-transformer inomsindo wokuduma

Kubonisa ukuthi ukufudumala kwangaphakathi noma kobuso be-transformer kuphukile, futhi i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze ihlolwe.

5. I-transformer inomsindo wokubila kwamanzi

Uma i-transformer inomsindo wokubila kwamanzi, futhi izinga lokushisa lishintsha kakhulu futhi izinga likawoyela likhuphuka, kufanele kwahlulelwe ukuthi ukugoqa kwe-transformer kufushane noma umshini wokushintsha umpompi awuxhumene kahle okubangelwa ukushisa okukhulu, futhi i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze ihlolwe.

(2) Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela liphezulu

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa likawoyela lesendlalelo esiphezulu se-transformer kufanele litholakale ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi izinga lokushisa lama-windings kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqapha izinga lokushisa likawoyela lesendlalelo esiphezulu ukuze kuvinjelwe izinga lokufakwa kokushisa ukuthi liwe futhi liguge. Ngaphansi komthwalo ojwayelekile kanye nezimo ezijwayelekile zokupholisa, izinga lokushisa likawoyela we-transformer lingaphezu kuka-10°C ngaphezu kokujwayelekile noma umthwalo we-transformer awushintshi, futhi izinga lokushisa likawoyela liyaqhubeka nokwenyuka. Iphutha (njengomlilo wensimbi kanye nokujikeleza okufushane phakathi kokujika okujikelezayo, njll.). Ngalesi sikhathi, i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ingozi ye-transformer ukuthi ikhule.

(3) Umbala wamafutha awujwayelekile

Ngokuvamile, uwoyela we-transformer kufanele ube phuzi ngokukhanyayo futhi ubonakale. Uma kutholakala ukuthi umbala wamafutha ku-gauge yezinga likawoyela uyashintsha ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kufanele uxhumane nomshini ukuze uthathe amasampula kawoyela ukuze ahlaziywe elebhu. Uma umbala wamafutha we-transformer uwohloka ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi kukhona ikhabhoni ku-oyela nezinye izinto ezingavamile, amandla kufanele anqanyulwe ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe futhi aphathwe.

(4) Izinga likawoyela alijwayelekile

Umcamelo kawoyela we-transformer ufakwe igeyiji yezinga likawoyela, evame ukubonisa imigqa emithathu yezinga likawoyela lapho izinga lokushisa lingu-30°C, +20°C, kanye no-+40°C. Ngokwale migqa emithathu yokumaka, kungahlulelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukugcwalisa uphethiloli noma ukukhipha amanzi.

Izinga eliphezulu likawoyela:

Uma izinga likawoyela le-transformer esebenza liphezulu kakhulu noma uwoyela ugcwala kakhulu emcamelweni kawoyela, kufanele uqale uhlole ukuthi umthwalo kanye nezinga lokushisa le-transformer kujwayelekile yini. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngemvume yomphathi wemishini osebenzayo, isivikelo segesi (igesi esindayo) kufanele sishintshwe sibe yisignali, bese kuthi umshini wokuphefumula ususwe ukuze ucutshungulwe. Uma umcamelo kawoyela ugcwala kakhulu ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, kufanele ukhishwe amanzi.

Izinga likawoyela eliphansi:

Uma izinga likawoyela le-transformer liphansi kakhulu, ukuvikelwa kwegesi (igesi elula) kuzosebenza; uma kunokuntuleka okukhulu kwamafutha, i-iron core kanye nama-windings kuzovezwa emoyeni, okulula ukuthintwa umswakama futhi kungabangela ukuwohloka kokushisa. Faka uphethiloli. Uma izinga likawoyela lehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokuvuza okukhulu kwamafutha, ngaphansi kwe-gas relay noma liqhubeka nokwehla, i-transformer kufanele imiswe ngokushesha.

(5) Ukulayisha ngokweqile

Uma i-transformer esebenza igcwele ngokweqile, inkomba ye-ammeter idlula inani elizinzile, isignali, insimbi yokuxwayisa, njll. ingavela. Abaqhubi kufanele bayiphathe ngokwemigomo elandelayo:

①Hlola ukuthi ugesi ohlangothini ngalunye udlula inani elibekiwe, bese ubika esikhulwini esisemsebenzini.

②Hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela kanye nokushisa kukawoyela kwe-transformer kujwayelekile yini, bese ufaka wonke ama-cooler ngesikhathi esisodwa.

③ Lungisa imodi yokusebenza ngesikhathi. Uma kukhona i-transformer eyengeziwe, kufanele iqale ukusebenza.

④Xhumana nokuhlela bese ulungisa ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo ngesikhathi.

⑤ Uma kwenzeka ukulayisha ngokweqile okuvamile, isikhathi sokusebenza esivumelekile singanqunywa ngokuya ngokuphindaphindwa kokulayisha ngokweqile, futhi ukuqapha izinga likawoyela kanye nokushisa kukawoyela kuzoqiniswa, futhi inani elivumelekile akufanele lidlule. Uma isikhathi sidluliwe, umthwalo kufanele wehliswe ngokushesha.

⑥ Uma kwenzeka ukulayisha ngokweqile ngengozi, ukuphindaphinda okuvunyelwe kanye nesikhathi sokulayisha ngokweqile kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokwemithethonqubo yomenzi. Uma ukuphindaphinda okuningi kanye nesikhathi kudlula inani elivunyelwe, ukuhambisana kwe-transformer kufanele futhi kuncishiswe ngokwemithethonqubo.

⑦ Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-transformer kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezihlobene nayo. Uma kutholakala noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle, kufanele kubikwe futhi kusingathwe.

(6) Ukwehluleka kohlelo lokupholisa

Uma uhlelo lokupholisa lwe-transformer (okubhekisele kuphampu ecwiliswa emanzini, uhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa) lunephutha, futhi i-transformer ithumela okokufaka okulindile kwe-chiller kanye nesignali yokuma okuphelele kwe-chiller, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe:

1. Kufanele kuhlolwe ngokushesha ukuthi ngabe i-backup cooler isiqalile yini ukusebenza.

2. Hlola ngokushesha imbangela yokuphela kukagesi bese ubuyisela ukusebenza okuvamile kwedivayisi yokupholisa ngokushesha okukhulu.

3. Qinisa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa likawoyela kanye nezinga likawoyela lesendlalelo esiphezulu se-transformer, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuma okuphelele kwedivayisi yokupholisa.

4. Uma uhlelo lokupholisa lungakwazi ukubuyiselwa isikhashana, kufanele kwenziwe isicelo sokunciphisa umthwalo noma kufakwe isicelo sokuthi i-transformer ihoxiswe ekusebenzeni ukuze kuvinjelwe i-transformer ukuthi isebenze isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi esibekiwe sokungapholi, okuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kanye nomonakalo.

(7) Isenzo sokuvikela igesi

Izizathu zesenzo sokuvikela igesi kungaba:

1. Kukhona iphutha elincane ku-transformer, elikhiqiza igesi ebuthakathaka;

2. Umoya ungena ngaphakathi kwe-transformer;

3. Izinga likawoyela liyehla;

4. Iphutha lesibili lesekethe (njengokugxunyekwa kwesistimu ye-DC ngamaphuzu amabili, njll.), okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle.

Ngemva kokuba isignali yokuvikela igesi ivele, umqhubi kufanele enze ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwe-transformer ngokushesha. Okokuqala, hlola izinga likawoyela nombala kawoyela emcamelweni kawoyela, ukuthi ngabe kukhona igesi, umthamo wegesi nombala ku-relay yegesi, bese uhlola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuvuza kukawoyela emzimbeni we-transformer kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kukawoyela oluphoqelelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bheka izinguquko emthwalweni we-transformer, izinga lokushisa nomsindo, njll. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, uma kungekho nto engajwayelekile etholakele, igesi yegesi ye-transformer kufanele imuncwe ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwegesi, futhi uma kudingeka, isampula kawoyela kufanele ithathwe ukuze ihlolwe ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwephutha ngokubambisana.

(8) Izingxenye nezimbangela ezivame ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza

1. Umshini wokushintsha amathephu awuxhumene kahle

Ukuxhumana okubi kuholela ekumelaneni okukhulu kokuthinta, ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okukhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngemva kokushintsha kwempompi kanye nalapho i-transformer igcwele ngokweqile.

2. Ukujikeleza okufushane phakathi kokujika kokugoqa

Amashothi ajikayo ashintshashintshayo alimaza ukufudumala phakathi kokujika okuseduze. Lokhu kuzodala iluphu yesekethe emfushane evaliwe futhi kunciphise inani lokujika okujikayo kwaleso sigaba. Kukhona ugesi wesekethe emfushane obangelwa ukugeleza kwamagnetic okushintshashintshayo kuluphu yesekethe emfushane, okuzokhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu futhi kungabangela ukuthi i-transformer ishe.

3. Kukhona i-short circuit phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi e-silicon core yensimbi

Ngenxa yomonakalo wamandla angaphandle noma ukuguga kokushisa kanye nezinye izizathu, ukushisa kwesikhumba sopende phakathi kwamashidi ensimbi e-silicon kuyonakala, okuzokwandisa umsinga we-eddy, kubangele ukushisa okukhulu kwendawo, futhi kuncibilike ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umlilo we-iron core.

4. Ukuxhumana okungekuhle nezinye izingxenye kubangela ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo.

Iseluleko sokuphatha: qapha ngokucophelela izinguquko zokushisa zezingxenye ezishiswe kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile, uhlaziye izimbangela zokushisa ngokweqile, ukuhlela ukuxhumana, kanye nokubhekana nokuphela kukagesi.

2. Ukuphathwa ngengozi kwama-transformer

Okuvamile: Ngokusho kwesigaba 6.1.2 se-DL/T572-95 "Imithetho Yokusebenza Yama-Power Transformers":

Uma i-transformer inesinye sezimo ezilandelayo, kufanele imiswe ngokushesha. Uma kukhona i-transformer eyengeziwe esetshenziswayo, kufanele iqaliswe ukusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu:

a. Umsindo we-transformer uyanda ngokusobala, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu, futhi kukhona umsindo oqhumayo ngaphakathi;

b. Ukuvuza okukhulu kwamafutha noma ukujova kwamafutha, ukuze izinga lamafutha lehle ngaphansi komkhawulo obonisiwe wegeyiji yezinga lamafutha;

c. Ibhokisi linomonakalo omkhulu kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi;

d. I-transformer ibamba umlilo ngentuthu.

(1) Uhambo oluzenzakalelayo lwe-transformer

Ngemva kokuhamba ngokuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kanye nokwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe:

①Ngemva kokukhubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo kwe-transformer, umqhubi kufanele enze ukwelashwa okuhlelekile, okungukuthi, asebenzise i-transformer eyisipele, alungise imodi yokusebenza kanye nokusatshalaliswa komthwalo, futhi agcine uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nemishini yalo isesimweni esijwayelekile.

②Hlola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesenzo sokuvikela nokuthi isenzo silungile yini.

③ Qonda ukuthi uhlelo lunephutha yini kanye nohlobo lwephutha.

④Lezi zimo ezilandelayo zingahlolwa kanye ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle: ukungasebenzi kahle kwabasebenzi ngephutha, ukusebenza kanye nokuvikela; ukuvikelwa kokushisa okuphezulu kwamandla kagesi aphansi noma isikhathi esinqunyelwe kuphela okusebenza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini esezingeni elilandelayo ye-transformer ekhubekayo iyahluleka futhi ukuvikelwa kwayo akusebenzi. Futhi iphuzu lokwehluleka liyahlukaniswa.

⑤ Uma kuwukuvikela okuhlukile, ukuvikela igesi noma ukuvimbela ukugqashuka okusheshayo kanye nezinye izenzo zokuvikela, futhi kuba nomthelela uma kwenzeka iphutha, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwe-transformer kanye nohlelo lwayo, ukucima kukagesi kanye nokukala ukufudumala. Akuvunyelwe ukufaka i-transformer ekusebenzeni kuze kube yilapho imbangela ingakatholakali noma ingakaxazululwa.

(2) Isenzo sokuvikela igesi (ukukhubeka)

Uma isenzo sokuvikela igesi se-transformer sihamba, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kanye nokwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe:

a) Qoqa igesi ye-gas relay ukuze kuhlaziywe i-chromatographic. Uma ingekho igesi, hlola ukuthi izinsika zezintambo kanye nama-lead esekethe yesibili kanye ne-gas relay zifakwe kahle yini.

b) Hlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela, izinga lokushisa likawoyela nombala kawoyela kushintshile yini;

c) Hlola ukuthi ipayipi elingaqhumi liphukile yini bese ufaka uphethiloli;

d) Hlola ukuthi igobolondo le-transformer likhubazekile yini nokuthi umthungo wokushisela ufuthwe yini.

e) Uma kungekho okungavamile okutholakalayo ngemva kokuhlolwa, futhi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kubangelwa iphutha lesekethe yesibili, ukuvikelwa kwegesi kungaxhunywa esignalini noma kuhoxiswe ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi ukuvikelwa komehluko kanye nokuvikelwa kokudlula kwamandla kuvuliwe, vivinya amandla kanye, bese uqinisa imonitha.

f) Uma kukhona igesi ku-gas relay noma kunezinkinga ngezinto ezingenhla u-a, b, c, no-d, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuhluleka kwamandla futhi kufanele kwenziwe ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo, futhi ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kufanele kudlule ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenza.

(3) Isenzo sokuvikela i-transformer ngokweqile

Uma isenzo sokuvikela i-transformer ngokweqile sidlula, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okulandelayo:

a) Hlola ibhasi kanye nemishini esebhasini ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ayisebenzi kahle yini noma ayisebenzi kahle;

b) Hlola ukuthi imishini yokuhlola eminingana ye-transformer ifinyeziwe yini;

c) Hlola ukuthi ngabe ukuvikelwa ohlangothini olune-voltage ephansi kuyasebenza yini, nokuthi ngabe ukuvikelwa komugqa ngamunye kuyasebenza yini.

d) Uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ibhasi ayinawo amandla, umugqa ophethwe yibhasi kufanele uvulwe.

e) Uma ibhasi lihluleka, cabanga ngokushintsha ibhasi noma ukudlulisa umthwalo.

f) Uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuwuhambo oluya phezulu ngemva kokuhlolwa, kufanele uxhumane nomthumeli osebenzayo bese uzama ukuthumela ugesi kanye.

g) Uma ugesi wokuhlola ulungile, hlola umugqa onephutha ngamunye ngamunye.

h) Uma kubangelwa yisekethe, amandla angathunyelwa kuphela ngemva kokususa isici sephutha.

(4) Isenzo sokuvikela umehluko we-transformer

Ngemva kohambo lokuvikela umehluko we-transformer, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kanye nokwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe:

a) Hlola ukuthi i-transformer ayijwayelekile yini, hlola ukuthi ama-insulator angaphakathi kobubanzi bokuvikelwa okuhlukile anawo yini ama-flashover, umonakalo, nokuthi ama-lead afinyeziwe yini.

b) Uma kungekho phutha elibonakalayo emishinini engaphakathi kobubanzi bokuvikelwa okuhlukile, hlola ukuthi ukuvikelwa kokudluliselwa kanye nesekethe yesibili kunephutha yini, nokuthi ngabe isekhethi ye-DC isekelwe yini ezindaweni ezimbili.

c) Akukho phutha ekuhlolweni okungenhla, futhi ngemva kokubika kunjiniyela oyinhloko ukuze avunyelwe, ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kwesinyathelo kufanele kwenziwe lapho umthwalo unqanyuliwe, bese kuqala ukusebenza ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi.

d) Uma kungukungasebenzi kahle okubangelwa yisekethe kagesi, isekethe yesibili, njll., ngemvume yonjiniyela oyinhloko, ukuvikelwa komehluko kungahoxiswa bese i-transformer ingasetshenziswa.

e) Uma ukuvikelwa komehluko kanye nokuvikelwa kwegesi kusebenza ngasikhathi sinye ukukhubeka kwe-transformer, i-transformer akufanele iqale ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi nokuhlolwa.

(5) I-transformer ibamba umlilo

Izimiso zokwelapha umlilo we-transformer: ukwehluleka kwamandla - ukukhishwa kukawoyela - ukucima umlilo.

① Ukwehluleka kukagesi: I-transformer ibamba umlilo. Uma isivikelo singakhubeki ngokuzenzakalelayo, ama-circuit breakers kanye nama-isolation switch axhunywe kuyo kufanele kunqanyulwe kuqala, bese i-cooler ihoxiswe ukuze kunqanyulwe ukunikezwa kwayo kukagesi. Uma ukusebenza kwemishini eseduze kusengozini, kufanele futhi kuxhunyanwe nayo ngesikhathi ukuze kumiswe ukusebenza kwemishini eseduze.

② Ukukhishwa kukawoyela: Uma uwoyela ugcwala phezulu kwe-transformer bese ubamba umlilo, vula i-valve yokukhipha uwoyela engxenyeni engezansi ye-transformer bese ukhipha uwoyela echibini likawoyela lengozi, ukuze izinga likawoyela le-transformer libe ngaphansi kobuso bomlilo; uma iphutha langaphakathi le-transformer libangela umlilo, alikwazi ukukhishelwa uwoyela ukuvimbela ukuqhuma; uma i-casing ye-transformer iqhuma futhi uwoyela ugcwala, vala i-valve kagesi yokukhipha uwoyela echibini le-transformer, vula i-valve kagesi yokukhipha uwoyela, bese ukhipha uwoyela echibini likawoyela lengozi le-transformer eliyinhloko.

③ Vula iphampu yamanzi omlilo, vula ivalvu yamanzi omlilo bese ufutha i-transformer ukuze ucime umlilo.

④ Bika kumphathi bese usebenzisa uhlelo oluphuthumayo.

⑤ Yazisa umnyango womlilo ukuze uthole usizo.

Qaphela: Bamba iqhaza ekucimeni umlilo ngaphandle kokubeka ukuphepha komuntu siqu engozini. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-carbon dioxide, i-carbon tetrachloride, izicishi-mlilo zempuphu eyomile kanye nesihlabathi esomile lapho ucima umlilo; abacishi-mlilo kufanele bagqoke izifihla-buso zegesi.