Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nolwazi olusisiseko lwe-transformer

2. Umthamo olinganisiweyo kunye ne-voltage yesekethe emfutshane yee-transformers ezintathu zesigaba sesithathu ezine-transformation ratio efanayo kunye neqela loqhagamshelo ngokulandelelana kwazo:

Emva kokuziqhuba ngaxeshanye, umthwalo uba yi-550OKVA,

Q: ① Umthwalo osasazwa yitransformer nganye?

② Ingakanani imithwalo ephezulu enokuthwalwa ziitransformer ezintathu ngaphandle kokugqithisela?

③ Ingakanani isantya sokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zizonke ze-transformer?

Impendulo

Umlinganiselo wokusasazwa kwetransformer nganye:

Emva kokuba zisebenza ngaxeshanye, umthwalo uba yi-5500KVA,

Q: ① Umthwalo osasazwa yitransformer nganye?

② Ingakanani imithwalo ephezulu enokuthwalwa ziitransformer ezintathu ngaphandle kokugqithisela?

③ Ingakanani isantya sokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zizonke ze-transformer?

Impendulo

3. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwee-autotransformers kunye nee-transformers eziqhelekileyo?

Impendulo: Umahluko phakathi kwe-autotransformer kunye ne-transformer eqhelekileyo ngulo:

(1) Icala layo eliphambili kunye necala lesibini aziqhagamshelwanga yimagnetism kuphela, kodwa ziqhagamshelwa nangombane, ngelixa iitransformer eziqhelekileyo ziqhagamshelwa yimagnetism kuphela.

(2) Umthamo wombane osetyenziswa kwi-transformer wenziwe ngamacandelo amabini: amandla okungenisa amandla kagesi phakathi kwe-primary winding kunye ne-common winding, kunye namandla okuhambisa amandla aqhutywa ngqo yi-primary winding.

(3) Ekubeni i-autotransformer winding yenziwe yi-primary winding kunye ne-common winding, inani lee-turns ze-primary winding lingaphantsi ngokulinganayo kunenani kunye nokuphakama kwee-turns ze-primary winding ye-transformer eqhelekileyo, umbane we-common winding kunye ne-leak reactance eveliswayo. I-short-circuit reactance X ye-autotransformer ngamaxesha (1-1/K) ye-short-circuit reactance X ye-transformer eqhelekileyo, kwaye i-K yi-transformation ratio.

(4) Ukuba i-autotransformer ixhotyiswe nge-third winding, i-third winding yayo ithatha amandla okujika aqhelekileyo. Ichaphazela indlela yokusebenza kunye namandla okutshintshiselana kwe-autotransformer.

(5) Ngenxa yokuba indawo engathathi cala ye-autotransformer kufuneka isekelwe, ukuseta kunye noqwalaselo lokhuseleko lwe-relay kunzima.

(6) I-Autotransformer incinci ngobukhulu, ilula ngobunzima, ilungele ukuthuthwa kwaye ixabiso layo liphantsi.

4. Ziziphi iingxaki ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kusetyenzwa i-autotransformer?

Impendulo: Iingxaki ekufuneka ziqatshelwe ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-autotransformer:

(1) Ekubeni amacala aphambili nawesibini e-autotransformer enonxibelelwano lombane ngqo, indawo engathathi cala ye-autotransformer esetyenziswa kwigridi yamandla kufuneka isekelwe ngokuthembekileyo nangokuthe ngqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukunyuka kwe-voltage kwicala le-low-voltage okubangelwa yimpazamo yokumisa i-single-phase kwicala le-high-voltage.

(2) Ngenxa yoqhagamshelo lombane oluthe ngqo phakathi kwecala eliphambili kunye necala lesibini, xa icala elinamandla aphezulu liphantsi kwamandla aphezulu, kuya kubangela amandla aphezulu kakhulu kwicala elinamandla aphantsi. Ukuze kuthintelwe le ngozi, kufuneka kufakwe izithinteli zombane kumacala omabini aphambili kunye namacala esibini.

(3) Ekubeni i-short circuit impedance ye-autotransformer incinci kwaye i-short circuit current yayo inkulu kuneye-transformer eqhelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa i-short circuit current xa kuyimfuneko.

(4) Ngexesha lokusebenza, umsinga wokujikeleza oqhelekileyo kufuneka ujongwe ukuze ube mncinci kunomthwalo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, indlela yokusebenza kokujikeleza kwesithathu inokulungiswa ukuze kwandiswe umthamo wokutshintshiselana we-autotransformer.

5. Zoba i-autotransformer O - Y0 kunye nomzobo wesithathu we-winding/ Δ- Wiring kunye nomzobo we-vector we-12-11

Impendulo:

Umzobo wocingo

Umzobo wevektha onokwenzeka

6. Ziziphi iintlobo zolawulo lwe-transformer voltage? Kutheni ii-transformer taps zikwicala le-high-voltage?

Impendulo: Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer: ulawulo lwe-voltage yomthwalo kunye nolawulo lwe-voltage yomthwalo ongekho:

Ulawulo lwe-voltage yomthwalo luthetha ukuba i-transformer ingayilungisa indawo yayo yokumpompa ngexesha lokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela itshintshe umlinganiselo we-transformer ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yolawulo lwe-voltage. Kukho iindlela ezimbini ze-transformer elawula i-voltage yomthwalo: i-line end voltage regulating kunye ne-neutral point voltage regulating, oko kukuthi, umahluko phakathi kwe-transformer tap kwicala le-line end le-high-voltage winding okanye kwicala le-neutral point le-high-voltage winding. Ukumpompa kwicala le-neutral kunokunciphisa inqanaba lokufakwa kwe-insulation ye-transformer tap, enezibonelelo ezicacileyo, kodwa kufuna ukuba i-neutral point ye-transformer mayisekelwe ngqo ngexesha lokusebenza.

Ulawulo lwe-voltage yomthwalo olungekhoyo lubhekisa ekulawuleni indawo yokumpompa kwe-transformer xa umbane ungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye ugcinwa usemgangathweni, ukuze kutshintshwe umlinganiselo we-transformer ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yolawulo lwe-voltage.

Itephu yetransformer ithathwa kwicala le-high-voltage, eliqwalasela ikakhulu:

(1) Ukujija kwe-transformer okunamandla aphezulu kuhlala kungaphandle, kwaye uqhagamshelo lwe-tap lead out lulula;

(2) Umbane okwicala le-high-voltage uncinci, kwaye icandelo lomqhubi wenxalenye yokuthwala umbane yomgca ophumayo kunye ne-tap changer lincinci. Impembelelo yokunxibelelana okubi ingasombululwa ngokulula.

Ngokwesiseko, itephu ingafumaneka nakweyiphi na icala, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe uthelekiso olunoqoqosho nolwezobugcisa. Umzekelo, itephu ye-500kV enkulu ye-step-down transformer itsalwa kwicala le-220kV, ngelixa icala le-500kV lilungisiwe.

7. Yintoni i-transformer overexcitation? Kwenzeka njani ukuba i-transformer i-overexcitation ivele?

Impendulo: Xa i-voltage ye-transformer isanda okanye i-frequency iyancipha, uxinano lwe-magnetic flux olusebenzayo luya kwanda. Ukugcwala kwe-transformer core kubizwa ngokuba yi-transformer overexcitation.

Emva kokuba inkqubo yamandla iqhawukile ngenxa yengozi, ukugqithisela komthwalo, ukugqithisela kombane we-ferromagnetic resonance, ukulungiswa okungafanelekanga koqhagamshelo lwe-transformer tap, i-transformer engenamthwalo ekupheleni komgca omde okanye enye indlela engasebenzi kakuhle, ukunyuka kwangaphambi kwexesha kombane wokuvusa ngaphambi kokuba i-generator ifikelele kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo, ukuzivuselela kwe-generator, kunye nezinye iimeko zezinye iinkqubo zinokubangela i-voltage ephezulu enokubangela ukugqithisela kombane we-transformer.

8. Zithini iziphumo ezinokubakho zokuvukwa kakhulu yi-transformer? Ungakuphepha njani oko?

Impendulo: Xa i-voltage ye-transformer idlula i-10% ye-voltage elinganisiweyo, i-core ye-transformer iya kugcwala kwaye ukulahleka kwesinyithi kuya kwanda. Ukuvuza kwe-magnetic kwandisa ukulahleka komsinga we-eddy wezinto zesinyithi ezifana negobolondo lebhokisi, okubangela ukufudumala kwe-transformer, ukuguga kwe-insulation, okuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo ye-transformer kunye nokutshisa i-transformer.

Ukuphepha:

(1) Thintela ukusebenza ngevolthi ephezulu. Ngokubanzi, okukhona ivolthi iphezulu, kokukhona ukuvuthela kakhulu kusiba nzima, kwaye kokukhona ixesha lokusebenza elivumelekileyo liba lifutshane.

(2) Yongeza ukhuseleko lokuvuthela kakhulu: thumela isignali ye-alamu okanye usike i-transformer ngokwegophe eliyimpawu ye-transformer kunye nee-multiples ezahlukeneyo ezivumelekileyo zokuvuthela kakhulu.

9. Zeziphi izixhobo zokhuseleko ezibonelelwayo kwisakhiwo somzimba we-transformer? Yintoni umsebenzi wayo ophambili?

Impendulo: Izixhobo zokukhusela kwisakhiwo somzimba we-transformer ziquka:

(1) Umlondolozi

Umthamo wayo umalunga ne-8-10% yeoyile yetransformer. Umsebenzi wayo kukwamkela utshintsho lomthamo weoyile yetransformer ngenxa yotshintsho lobushushu, ukunciphisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweoyile yetransformer nomoya, kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokufuma kweoyile kunye ne-oxidation. Kufakelwe isixhobo sokufunxa umswakama kwi-conservator ukuthintela umoya ukuba ungangeni kwi-transformer.

(2) Isifunxi-manzi kunye nesicoci seoyile

Isifunxi-manzi, esaziwa ngokuba yi-respirator, sizaliswe yi-adsorbent, eyi-silica gel activated alumina. Inxalenye ye-silica gel enombala otshintshileyo idla ngokufakwa kuyo. Xa umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ujika ube bomvu, oko kubonisa ukuba i-adsorbent ichatshazelwe kukufuma kwaye kufuneka yomiswe okanye itshintshwe.

Isicoci seoyile sikwabizwa ngokuba sisihluzi. Isilinda seoyile ecocekileyo izaliswe yi-adsorbent, eyi-silica gel activated alumina. Xa ioyile idlula kwi-oyile purifier ize iqhagamshelane ne-adsorbent, amanzi, i-asidi kunye ne-oxide kwi-oyile purifier ziyafunxwa, nto leyo eyenza ioyile icoceke kwaye yandise ubomi benkonzo yeoyile.

(3) Umbhobho othintela ukuqhuma (ukhuseleko lomoya)

Umbhobho ongakwaziyo ukuqhuma ufakwe kwisiciko setanki yetransformer njengokhuseleko lokunceda kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kwitanki yeoyile xa itransformer ingaphumeleli ngaphakathi.

Ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo isetyenzisiwe kwiitransformer ezinkulu zanamhlanje ukuze ithathe indawo yendlela yomoya yokhuseleko. Xa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwesiphako setransformer lunyuka, ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo isebenza kwaye iqhagamshelaniswa ukuze kubekho i-alamu okanye ukukhubeka.

Ukongeza, i-transformer ikwanayo nokhuseleko lwegesi, i-thermometer, i-oyile meter kunye nezinye izixhobo zokukhusela ukhuseleko.

10. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-voltage transformer kunye ne-current transformer kwimigaqo yazo yokusebenza?

Impendulo: I-voltage transformer isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulinganisa i-voltage, ngelixa i-current transformer isetyenziswa ukulinganisa i-current.

(1) Icala lesibini le-transformer yangoku linokusetyenziswa i-short circuit, kodwa alinakusetyenziswa i-open circuit; Icala lesibini le-voltage transformer linokuba yi-open circuit, kodwa kungabi yi-short circuit.

(2) Xa kuthelekiswa nomthwalo kwicala lesibini, i-impedance yangaphakathi ephambili ye-voltage transformer incinci kangangokuba ayinakuhoywa, kwaye i-voltage transformer ingathathwa njengomthombo we-voltage; I-insertion yangaphakathi ephambili ye-current transformer inkulu kangangokuba ithathwa njengomthombo wangoku onokumelana kwangaphakathi okungenasiphelo.

(3) Xa i-voltage transformer isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, i-magnetic flux density isondele kwixabiso lokugcwala, kwaye i-voltage iyehla xa inkqubo isilela; I-magnetic flux density iyehla, kwaye i-magnetic flux density iphantsi kakhulu xa i-current transformer isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Xa inkqubo imfutshane, i-current kwicala eliphambili iyanda, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu i-magnetic flux density, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ide idlule ixabiso lokugcwala, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kwempazamo ye-secondary output current. Ke ngoko, zama ukukhetha i-current transformer ekulula ukuyigcwala.