Isimiso sokusebenza kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-transformer

2. Umthamo olinganiselwe kanye ne-voltage ye-short-circuit yama-transformer amathathu anesigaba sesithathu anesilinganiso esifanayo sokuguqulwa kanye neqembu lokuxhumana ngokulandelana yile:

Ngemva kokuzisebenzisa ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthwalo uba ngu-550OKVA,

Q: ① Umthwalo osatshalaliswa yi-transformer ngayinye?

② Ingakanani umthwalo omkhulu ophelele ongakwazi ukuthwala ama-transformer amathathu ngaphandle kokugcwala ngokweqile?

③ Lingakanani izinga lokusetshenziswa komthamo wemishini iyonke ye-transformer?

Impendulo

Isilinganiso sokusatshalaliswa kwe-transformer ngayinye:

Ngemva kokuthi zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthwalo uba ngu-5500KVA,

Q: ① Umthwalo osatshalaliswa yi-transformer ngayinye?

② Ingakanani umthwalo omkhulu ophelele ongakwazi ukuthwala ama-transformer amathathu ngaphandle kokugcwala ngokweqile?

③ Lingakanani izinga lokusetshenziswa komthamo wemishini iyonke ye-transformer?

Impendulo

3. Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwama-autotransformer nama-transformer avamile?

Impendulo: Umehluko phakathi kwe-autotransformer ne-transformer evamile uthi:

(1) Uhlangothi lwayo oluyinhloko nohlangothi lwesibili aluxhunyaniswe yimagnetism kuphela, kodwa futhi nogesi, kuyilapho ama-transformer ajwayelekile exhunyaniswe yimagnetism kuphela.

(2) Umthamo wokunikezwa kwamandla nge-transformer wakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: amandla okungenisa kagesi phakathi kokugoqa okuyinhloko kanye nokugoqa okuvamile, kanye namandla okuqhuba aqhutshwa ngqo yi-primary winding.

(3) Njengoba ukugoqa okuzenzakalelayo kwakhiwe ukugoqa okuyinhloko kanye nokugoqa okuvamile, inani lokujika lokugoqa okuyinhloko lingaphansi kakhulu kunenani nokuphakama kokujika kokugoqa okuyinhloko kwe-transformer evamile, ugesi wokugoqa okuvamile kanye nokusabela kokuvuza okukhiqizwayo. Ukusabela kwe-short-circuit X kwe-autotransformer kuyizikhathi (1-1/K) zokusabela kwe-short-circuit X kwe-transformer evamile, kanti u-K uyisilinganiso sokuguqulwa.

(4) Uma i-autotransformer ifakwe ukugoqa kwesithathu, ukugoqa kwayo kwesithathu kuthatha amandla okugoqa avamile. Kuthinta imodi yokusebenza kanye namandla okushintshana kwe-autotransformer.

(5) Ngenxa yokuthi iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi le-autotransformer kumele lisekelwe phansi, ukusetha kanye nokucushwa kokuvikelwa kokudluliselwa kuyinkimbinkimbi.

(6) I-Autotransformer incane ngobukhulu, ilula ngesisindo, ilungele ukuthuthwa futhi ishibhile.

4. Yiziphi izinkinga okufanele ziqashelwe ekusebenzeni kwe-autotransformer?

Impendulo: Izinkinga okufanele ziqashelwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-autotransformer:

(1) Njengoba izinhlangothi eziyinhloko nezesibili ze-autotransformer zinokuxhumana kukagesi okuqondile, iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi le-autotransformer elisetshenziswa kugridi yamandla kumele lisekelwe ngokuthembekile nangokuqondile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphakama kwe-voltage ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephansi okubangelwa iphutha le-grounding lesigaba esisodwa ohlangothini lwe-voltage ephezulu.

(2) Ngenxa yokuxhumana okuqondile kukagesi phakathi kohlangothi oluyinhloko nohlangothi lwesibili, lapho uhlangothi olunamandla aphezulu lungaphansi kwamandla aphezulu, kuzobangela amandla aphezulu kakhulu ohlangothini olunamandla aphansi. Ukuze kugwenywe le ngozi, kumele kufakwe izibambi zombani kokubili ezinhlangothini eziyinhloko kanye nezesibili.

(3) Njengoba i-impedance ye-short circuit ye-autotransformer incane futhi i-short circuit yayo inkulu kuneye-transformer evamile, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa i-short circuit current uma kudingeka.

(4) Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ugesi wokujikeleza okuvamile kufanele uqashwe ukuze ungabi ngaphansi komthwalo. Uma kudingeka, imodi yokusebenza yokujikeleza kwesithathu ingalungiswa ukuze kwandiswe umthamo wokushintshana we-autotransformer.

5. Dweba i-autotransformer O - Y0 enomdwebo wesithathu we-winding/ Δ- Wiring kanye nomdwebo we-vector ongu-12-11

Impendulo:

Umdwebo wokuxhuma izintambo

Umdwebo wevektha ongaba khona

6. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi e-transformer? Kungani ama-transformer empompini ohlangothini olunamandla kagesi aphezulu?

Impendulo: Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer: ukulawulwa kwe-voltage yomthwalo kanye nokulawulwa kwe-voltage yomthwalo ongekho:

Ukulawulwa kwe-voltage yomthwalo kusho ukuthi i-transformer ingalungisa indawo yayo yokumpompa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela ishintshe isilinganiso se-transformer ukuze kufezwe injongo yokulawulwa kwe-voltage. Kunezindlela ezimbili ze-transformer elawula i-voltage yomthwalo: i-line end voltage regulating kanye ne-neutral point voltage regulating, okungukuthi, umehluko phakathi kwe-transformer tap ohlangothini lomugqa wokumboza kwe-voltage ephezulu noma ohlangothini lwe-neutral point lokumboza kwe-voltage ephezulu. Ukumpompa ohlangothini olungathathi hlangothi kunganciphisa izinga lokufakwa kwe-insulation ye-transformer tap, okunezinzuzo ezisobala, kodwa kudinga ukuthi iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi le-transformer kumele lisekelwe ngqo ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Ukulawulwa kwe-voltage engekho yomthwalo kubhekisela ekulawuleni indawo yokumpompa ye-transformer uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwamandla nokugcinwa, ukuze kushintshwe isilinganiso se-transformer ukuze kufezwe injongo yokulawulwa kwe-voltage.

I-tap ye-transformer ngokuvamile ithathwa ohlangothini olune-voltage ephezulu, olubheka kakhulu:

(1) Ukugoqa kwe-transformer okunamandla aphezulu ngokuvamile kungaphandle, futhi ukuxhumana kwe-tap lead out kulula;

(2) Ugesi ohlangothini olune-voltage ephezulu uncane, kanti ingxenye yomqhubi wengxenye yomshini wokuthwala ugesi yomugqa ophumayo kanye ne-tap changer incane. Umthelela wokuxhumana okubi ungaxazululwa kalula.

Empeleni, impompi ingatholakala kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi, futhi kufanele kwenziwe ukuqhathaniswa okungabizi nobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, impompi ye-transformer enkulu yesinyathelo esiphansi engu-500kV idonswa ohlangothini lwe-220kV, kuyilapho uhlangothi lwe-500kV luqinile.

7. Kuyini ukuvusa i-transformer ngokweqile? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuvusa i-transformer ngokweqile?

Impendulo: Uma i-voltage ye-transformer ikhuphuka noma imvamisa incipha, i-magnetic flux density esebenzayo izokhula. Ukugcwala kwe-transformer core kubizwa ngokuthi i-transformer overexcitation.

Ngemva kokuba uhlelo lwamandla lunqanyuliwe ngenxa yengozi, ukweqiwa kwamandla okulayisha, ukweqiwa kwamandla okukhanya kwe-ferromagnetic, ukulungiswa okungafanele kokuxhumeka kwethephu ye-transformer, i-transformer engenamthwalo ekugcineni komugqa omude noma okunye ukusebenza kabi, ukwanda kwamanje komsindo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba imvamisa yejeneretha ifinyelele inani elilinganisiwe, ukuzikhukhumeza kwejeneretha, kanye nezinye izimo zezinye izinhlelo kungadala i-voltage ephezulu okubangela ukukhukhumeza ngokweqile kwe-transformer.

8. Yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona yokucasuka ngokweqile kwe-transformer? Ungakugwema kanjani?

Impendulo: Uma i-voltage ye-transformer idlula u-10% we-voltage elinganisiwe, i-core ye-transformer izogcwala futhi ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi kuzokwanda. Ukuvuza okunamandla kwandisa ukulahleka kwamandla kagesi kwezingxenye zensimbi njengegobolondo lebhokisi, okubangela ukushisa ngokweqile kwe-transformer, ukuguga kokushisa, okuthinta impilo yesevisi ye-transformer ngisho nokushisa i-transformer.

Ukugwema:

(1) Vimbela ukusebenza nge-voltage eyeqile. Ngokuvamile, uma i-voltage iphakeme, kulapho ukuvuthela ngokweqile kuba kubi kakhulu, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza esivumelekile siba sifushane.

(2) Engeza ukuvikelwa kokuvusa inkanuko ngokweqile: thumela isignali ye-alamu noma unqume i-transformer ngokwendlela ye-transformer echaza ngayo kanye ne-multiples ezahlukene ezivumelekile zokuvusa inkanuko ngokweqile.

9. Yiziphi izinsiza zokuvikela ukuphepha ezinikezwa isakhiwo somzimba we-transformer? Uyini umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko?

Impendulo: Izakhiwo zokuvikela esakhiweni somzimba we-transformer zifaka:

(1) Umlondolozi

Umthamo wayo ungama-8-10% kawoyela we-transformer. Umsebenzi wayo ukwamukela ushintsho lwevolumu kawoyela we-transformer ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukunciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kukawoyela we-transformer nomoya, kanye nokunciphisa izinga lomswakama kawoyela kanye ne-oxidation. Kufakwa i-moisture absorber ku-conservator ukuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungangeni ku-transformer.

(2) Isifutho somswakama kanye nesihlanzi samafutha

Isifutho somswakama, esaziwa nangokuthi i-respirator, sigcwele i-adsorbent, okuyi-alumina esebenzayo yohlobo lwe-silica gel. Ingxenye yejeli ye-silica eshintshile umbala ivame ukufakwa kuyo. Lapho umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uphenduka ube bomvu, kubonisa ukuthi i-adsorbent ithintwe umswakama futhi kumele yomiswe noma ishintshwe.

Isihlanzi samafutha sibizwa nangokuthi isihlungi. Isilinda samafutha esihlanzekile sigcwele i-adsorbent, okuyi-silica gel activated alumina. Lapho uwoyela udlula ku-oyela purifier futhi uthintana ne-adsorbent, amanzi, i-asidi kanye ne-oxide ku-oyela purifier kuyamuncwa, okwenza uwoyela uhlanzeke futhi kwandise impilo yenkonzo yamafutha.

(3) Ipayipi elingaqhumi (indlela yokuphefumula ephephile)

Ipayipi elingaqhumi lifakwe ekhava yethangi le-transformer njengesivikelo sokusiza ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu ethangini likawoyela uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwangaphakathi kwe-transformer.

Ivalvu yokukhulula ingcindezi isetshenziswe kuma-transformer amakhulu esimanje ukuze ithathe indawo yomoya ophephile. Lapho ingcindezi yangaphakathi yephutha le-transformer ikhuphuka, i-valvu yokukhulula ingcindezi kanye nokuxhumana kuyaxhunywa ukuze kuqhume i-alamu noma kuqhume.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-transformer iphinde ibe nesivikelo segesi, i-thermometer, imitha kawoyela kanye namanye amadivayisi okuvikela ukuphepha.

10. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-voltage transformer kanye ne-current transformer ezimisweni zayo zokusebenza?

Impendulo: I-voltage transformer isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukala i-voltage, kuyilapho i-current transformer isetshenziswa ukukala i-current.

(1) Uhlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer yamanje lungaqhutshwa nge-circuit emfushane, kodwa alukwazi ukuvula nge-circuit; Uhlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer ye-voltage lungaba yi-circuit evulekile, kodwa hhayi i-short circuit.

(2) Uma kuqhathaniswa nomthwalo ohlangothini lwesibili, i-impedance yangaphakathi eyinhloko ye-voltage transformer incane kakhulu kangangokuthi inganganakwa, futhi i-voltage transformer ingabhekwa njengomthombo we-voltage; Ukumelana kwangaphakathi okuyinhloko kwe-current transformer kukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi kubhekwa njengomthombo wamanje onokumelana kwangaphakathi okungenamkhawulo.

(3) Uma i-voltage transformer isebenza ngokujwayelekile, i-magnetic flux density iseduze ne-saturation value, futhi i-voltage iyehla lapho uhlelo luhluleka; I-magnetic flux density iyancipha, futhi i-magnetic flux density iphansi kakhulu lapho i-current transformer isebenza ngokujwayelekile. Uma uhlelo lune-short circuit, i-current ohlangothini oluyinhloko iyanda, okwandisa kakhulu i-magnetic flux density, futhi ngezinye izikhathi idlula ngisho ne-saturation value, okubangela ukwanda kwephutha le-secondary output current. Ngakho-ke, zama ukukhetha i-current transformer okungelula ukuyigcwalisa.