Uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ama-transformer asebenze ngesikhathi esifanayo?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuqina kwesizini yomthwalo kagesi, amanye ama-transformer angasuswa ekusebenzeni ngesikhathi somthwalo wokukhanya, okungeke nje kuphela kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kwe-transformer ngaphandle komthwalo, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kodwa futhi kunciphise ugesi ovuselelayo, kuthuthukise amandla egridi, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwegridi yamandla.

Ngakho-ke yiziphi izidingo zokusebenza okufanayo kwama-transformer? Lona umbuzo ovame kakhulu. Okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zokuhlanganisa ama-transformer, bese sixoxa ngezimo zokuhlanganisa.

(1) Ngokuvamile, bheka isithombe esingezansi:

Kulesi sithombe, sibona ama-transformer amabili, abhalwe ukuthi T1 kanye ne-T2.

Indlela yokutakula uhlelo:

Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, la mabhasi amabili asebenza ngama-transformer awo.

Ngenxa yalokho, womabili ama-circuit breaker angenayo i-QF1 ne-QF2 avaliwe, kuyilapho i-bus tie breaker QF3 yesigaba esisodwa se-busbar ivuliwe; uma kunenkinga nge-transformer noma uhlangothi lwe-voltage oluphakathi lomugqa othile ongenayo, njengokuwa okukhulu kwe-voltage (undervoltage noma ukulahlekelwa yi-voltage) noma ukwehluleka, i-line breaker engenayo yalesi sigaba iyavulwa, bese i-bus tie breaker QF3 ivaliwe; lapho uhlelo lubuyiselwa, kunezindlela ezimbili zokubuyisa:

Indlela yokutakula 1: Vula i-bus tie breaker QF3, bese uvala i-circuit breaker engenayo efanele. Le ndlela ilula, kodwa ngemva komthwalo ebhasini, njengemoto, kudingeka iqalwe kabusha ngemva kokwehluleka kukagesi.

Indlela yokutakula 2: qala uvale i-circuit breaker engenayo, bese ama-transformer esebenza ngokulingana, bese uvula i-bus tie breaker. Le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa umthwalo awudingi ukudlula ekuhlulekeni kwamandla kwesibili ukuze uqale kabusha.

Ake sibheke izimo lapho ama-transformer kufanele ahlanganiswe khona:

Okokuqala: izimo ze-transformer uqobo

Kubandakanya: indlela yokuxhuma ye-transformer ifana nesilinganiso sokuguqulwa, i-impedance voltage ye-transformer iyafana, kanye ne-voltage yesibili ye-transformer iyafana.

Okwesibili: izimo zomugqa

Kufaka phakathi: uhlangothi lwe-voltage ephakathi kumele luvele kunethiwekhi efanayo yokusabalalisa, isigaba sazo, i-engeli yesigaba sokuqala kanye nemvamisa kuyafana, futhi ubukhulu be-voltage buyafana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlangothi lwe-voltage ephakathi kumele lukwazi ukumelana nokushaqeka kokuqala kwamandla kohlangothi lwe-voltage ephansi.

(2) Uma uhlelo lufakwe ijeneretha, ake sibheke lesi sibalo esilandelayo:

Lesi sibalo siyinkimbinkimbi kancane kuneSithombe 1. Kukhona ijeneretha ezimele yona kulesi sithombe, futhi i-circuit breaker yejeneretha kanye ne-circuit breaker engenayo yama-mains inobudlelwano obuxhumene kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ngokubambisana.

Ngenxa yobunzima bobudlelwano bokuphonsa ngaphandle, ku-ABB, i-PLC ivame ukusetshenziswa ukwakha umqondo wokukhipha ngaphandle. Ake sichaze kafushane:

1) Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, isibopho sebhasi siyavulwa, futhi imigqa engenayo yesigaba ngasinye iyavalwa.

2) Uma ugesi omkhulu wesigaba esithile uhluleka, vula umugqa ongenayo walesi sigaba, bese uvala isibopho sebhasi.

3) Uma iphutha selisusiwe futhi libuyiselwa, uhlelo luzobuyiselwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ama-transformer ahambisanayo nalawo angahambisaniyo. Izimo ezihambisanayo zama-transformer ziyafana nalezo ezingenhla.

4) Uma ukwehluleka kwengxenye ethile yomthombo wamandla oyinhloko kwehluleka ukubuyiselwa, kanti enye ingxenye yomthombo wamandla oyinhloko ihluleka futhi, noma izingxenye ezimbili zamandla oyinhloko zihluleka ngesikhathi esisodwa, uhlelo luzoqala ijeneretha. Kuye ngokuthi ijeneretha iqala ukusebenza yini, kunqunywa ukuthi isibopho sebhasi siyasebenza yini.

5) Uma amapayipi amakhulu ebuyiselwa, kunezindlela ezimbili zokubhekana nakho: indlela yokuqala injengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, umugqa ongenayo oyinhloko kanye nomugqa ongenayo wejeneretha kuxhunyiwe, futhi uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela oluvunyelwe ukuvalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, vula umugqa ongenayo wejeneretha, bese uvala umugqa ongenayo oyinhloko; indlela yesibili ayinabo ubudlelwano obuxhumene phakathi komugqa ongenayo oyinhloko kanye nomugqa ongenayo wejeneretha. Ngemva kokuba amapayipi amakhulu esebuyiselwe, ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sesistimu, ijeneretha ivunyelaniswa kancane namapayipi amakhulu, bese umugqa ongenayo oyinhloko uvaliwe, bese ijeneretha ikhishwa.

Indlela yesibili ingavimbela umthwalo ukuthi uqale kabusha ngemva kokwehluleka kwamandla kwesibili. Singabona ukuthi isimo sama-transformer ahambisanayo sifana nesimo esijwayelekile.

(3) Ukusebenza okufanayo kwama-transformer lapho umthamo womthwalo we-transformer eyodwa unganele

Izimo ze-transformer parallel ziyafana nezangaphambili. Ngaphansi kwalesi simo, uma kwenzeka i-short-circuit ohlangothini lomthwalo, inani lamanje le-short-circuit kufanele liphindwe ngenani lama-transformer parallel. Ake sibheke isithombe esingezansi:

Kulesi sithombe, imigqa emibili engenayo kanye nesibopho sebhasi kuvaliwe, kanti ama-transformer T1 kanye ne-T2 asebenza ngasikhathi sinye.

Uma umthwalo wengxenye yebhasi ufinyezwa nge-short-circuit, womabili ama-transformer anikela ngogesi we-short-circuit endaweni ye-short-circuit, ngakho-ke ugesi we-short-circuit emthwalweni ulingana kabili nogesi we-short-circuit we-transformer eyodwa.

Ngakho-ke, izimo zokusebenza okufanayo kwama-transformer yilezi: amandla okuphuka kwe-feeder circuit breaker engxenyeni ngayinye yebhasi kumele abe kabili kunalawo angenayo. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, ama-transformer awavunyelwe ukusebenza ngokufanayo.

Kuchazwe esichasisweni ukuthi ekusebenzeni okufanayo kwama-transformer esikhathini esifushane sokusebenza kokushintsha, amandla okuphuka kwe-load-side circuit breaker angakhethwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ngaphandle kokuphinda kabili.

(4) Izinzuzo nezinhloso zokusebenza okufanayo kwama-transformer

Thuthukisa umnotho wokusebenza kwe-transformer. Uma umthwalo ukhuphuka ufike ezingeni lapho amandla e-transformer eyodwa enganele, i-transformer yesibili ingafakwa ngokuhambisana, futhi uma umthwalo wehliswa ufike ezingeni lapho ama-transformer amabili engadingeki khona ukunikeza amandla ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-transformer eyodwa ingasuswa ekusebenzeni.

Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, izici zokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngezikhathi ezithile zisobala, futhi ukusebenza okufanayo kwama-transformer kungashintshwa ngokuya ngobukhulu bomthwalo kagesi. Ngale ndlela, ukulahlekelwa yi-transformer ngokwayo kungancishiswa futhi injongo yokusebenza kwezomnotho ingafezwa.

Thuthukisa ukuthembeka kokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi. Uma enye yama-transformer asebenza ngokuhambisana yonakele, inqobo nje uma isuswa ngokushesha kugridi, amanye ama-transformer amabili asengahlinzeka ngamandla ngendlela evamile; lapho i-transformer ilungiswa, ngeke ithinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwamanye ama-transformer, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amaphutha kanye nomonakalo. Ububanzi kanye nokuvama kokuphela kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kungathuthukisa ukuthembeka kokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi.

Yonga ugesi, qaphela ukonga ugesi futhi wandise ukusebenza kahle. Isibonelo, isiteshi esincane sihlonyiswe ngama-transformer amabili angu-4000kVA kanye no-3150kVA. Ngemva kokubala izimo zokusebenza zama-transformer amabili, ngemva konyaka owodwa wokusebenza ngasikhathi sinye, ukonga ugesi kungu-102,000 Kwh, umphumela wokonga ugesi usobala kakhulu, futhi utshalomali lwemali luyancishiswa.