Ukuthelekisa Uhlobo olomileyo kunye ne-Oli yoTshintsho kwiiGridi zaMandla zanamhlanje

Iziguquli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuthungelwano lwamandla lwale mihla, njengoko zinceda ukulawula amandla ombane kwaye ziququzelele ukuhanjiswa kombane ngokufanelekileyo kwimigama emide. Xa kuziwa kubaguquli, iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zegridi yamandla: i-transformers yodidi olomileyo kunye ne-oil transformers. Uhlobo ngalunye lunesethi yalo ekhethekileyo yeenzuzo kunye nokungonakali, kwaye ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kwisicelo esithile kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokucophelela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.

Indima yeeTransformer kwiiGridi zaMandla zale mihla

Iziguquli ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeegridi zamandla zale mihla, njengoko zivumela ukuhanjiswa nokusasazwa kombane ngokufanelekileyo. Umsebenzi ophambili we-transformer kukudlulisa amandla ombane phakathi kweesekethe ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ngokusebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction. Ngokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa i-voltage yombane wangoku, ii-transformers zenza ukuba umbane udluliselwe kumgama omde kunye nelahleko encinci. Ukongeza kulawulo lwe-voltage, ii-transformers zibonelela ngokuzimeleyo phakathi kweesekethe eziziiprayimari nezesekondari, ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwegridi yamandla.

Abaguquli banokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwigridi yamandla, kubandakanywa izitishi, uthungelwano lokuhambisa, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino. Ziza ngokobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye namandla okukhawulelana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kombane, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokusasazwa. Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iinguqu kwisicelo esithile, iinjineli kunye nabaqhubi kufuneka baqwalasele izinto ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle, ukuthembeka, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye neendleko. Yilapho ukhetho phakathi kohlobo olomileyo kunye ne-oyile ye-oyile luza kudlala.

Amagqabantshintshi eZiguquli zodidi olomileyo

Iziguquli zodidi olomileyo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-cast resin transformers, zenzelwe ukusebenza ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kokupholisa ulwelo okanye ii-agent ezikhuselayo. Esikhundleni se-oyile okanye enye i-dielectrics yolwelo, abaguquli beentlobo ezomileyo basebenzisa i-resin eqinileyo yokufaka i-insulate i-windings kunye ne-core, ibenze bafanelekele ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle apho ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luyinkxalabo. Ukungabikho kolwelo olunokutsha kuphelisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye neengozi zomlilo, okwenza iinguqu zohlobo olomileyo zibe lukhetho olukhethwayo lofakelo kwiindawo zasezidolophini, kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, kunye nezibonelelo zoshishino ezinovakalelo.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zenguqu eyomileyo yohlobo loguquko kukukwazi kwabo ukumelana namanqanaba aphezulu ombane kunye noxinzelelo lwe-thermal ngaphandle komngcipheko wokuvuza kwamanzi okanye ukuchithwa kwe-insulation. Oku komelela okungokwemvelo kwenza iinguqu zodidi ezomileyo zilungele usetyenziso apho ukuthembeka kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukungabikho kweoli okanye ezinye izinto ezinokutsha zenza lula ukufakela kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ngokubanzi kwixesha lokuphila kwe-transformer.

Kwi-downside, i-transformer yohlobo olomileyo luvame ukuba nomthamo ophantsi ogqithisiweyo xa kuthelekiswa noogxa babo abazaliswe yioli, ezinokukhawulelana nesicelo sabo kwiimeko apho kulindeleke ukuba ukugqithiswa kwexesha elifutshane kulindelwe. Ukongeza, iipropathi ze-insulation ze-cast resin zinokwehla ngokuhamba kwexesha xa zibonakaliswe kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ixesha lokuphila kunye nokwehla kokusebenza okunokwenzeka. Nangona le mida, iinguqu zohlobo ezomileyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo, amaziko edatha, kunye nezinye iindawo zangaphakathi apho ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nokukhathazeka kokusingqongileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Isishwankathelo seeGuquli zeOyile

Iziguquli zeoyile, ezikwaziwa ngokuba ziziguquli ezizaliswe lulwelo, zisebenzisa i-oyile yeminerali okanye ulwelo lokwenziwa njenge-dielectric kunye nesixhobo sokupholisa ukuze kugqunywe ama-windings kunye nokuchitha ubushushu obenziwe ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile njengento yokupholisa kunye ne-insulator ivumela umthamo ophezulu wokulayisha ngaphezulu kunye nokusebenza okungcono kwe-thermal xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo lweziguquli ezomileyo, zizenza zilungele ushishino olunzima, urhwebo, kunye nosetyenziso olusebenzayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile njengendawo yokupholisa kunye ne-insulating ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuphuculwa kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, umthamo ophezulu wokugcwala, kunye namandla angcono e-dielectric. Ezi zibonelelo zenza ukuba ii-oyile ziguqulelwe kakuhle kwizicelo ze-voltage ephezulu, ufakelo lwangaphandle, kunye neendawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu be-ambient. Ukongeza, ii-oyile ezizaliswe yi-oyile azinakwenzeka ukuthotywa kwe-insulation ngokuhamba kwexesha, zibonelela ngobomi obude benkonzo kunye neemfuneko eziphantsi zokugcinwa kwazo zonke.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile njenge-dielectric kunye ne-coolant iza nemingeni yayo, ngakumbi malunga neempembelelo zendalo kunye nokhuseleko. Ioyile yeminerali, eqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiziguquli zeoyile, ibeka ingozi enokubakho kokusingqongileyo xa kukho ukuvuza okanye ukuchitheka. Ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko, ii-transformers zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokuqulatha ioli kunye nezixhobo zokubeka iliso zokubona nokuthintela nakuphi na ukuvuza. Ulwelo lwe-Synthetic, olufumana ukuthandwa njengezinye iindlela ze-oyile ye-mineral, zibonelela ngokuphucuka kokumelana nomlilo kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Isishwankathelo, iziguquli zeoyile zibonelela ngomthamo ogqithisileyo, ukusebenza ngcono kwe-thermal, kunye nobomi benkonzo obude xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo loguqulo olomileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa kwabo i-oyile njengento yokupholisa kunye ne-insulator kubonisa inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko ekufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo kufakelo.

Uthelekiso lokuSebenza kunye neMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo

Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo ziyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo olomileyo kunye noguqulo lweoli kwiigridi zamandla zanamhlanje. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer kunqunywe ngokukwazi ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngexesha lokusebenza, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Zombini uhlobo olomileyo kunye neziguquli zeoyile ziyilelwe ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokusebenza kakuhle, kunye neemodeli zamva nje ezibandakanya imathiriyeli yokugquma ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye neempawu zoyilo ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ngokubhekiselele kokusebenza kakuhle, iinguqu zodidi ezomileyo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezu kweenguqu zeoyile. Ukungabikho kweoli kuphelisa umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa kwamandla ngenxa yokujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili ye-thermal, okubangelwa isisombululo esinamandla ngakumbi kwizicelo ezithile. Ngaphaya koko, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziqinileyo ze-resin kwi-transformer yohlobo olomileyo kubonelela nge-thermal conductivity engcono kunye neempawu zokugquma, ezinegalelo ekuphuculweni kokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ezi zibonelelo zenza ukuba ii-transformer zodidi olomileyo zibe yinto ekhethwayo yofakelo apho ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko zokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kwelinye icala, abaguquli beoyile bakholisa ukunika ukusebenza okungcono kwe-thermal kunye nomthamo ogqithisiweyo, onokuthi ubangele ilahleko yamandla ephantsi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezithile eziphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ye-insulating ephezulu kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa eziphambili kuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-oyile ye-oyile, ngokukodwa kwi-high-voltage kunye ne-heavy-duty applications. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokusebenzisa i-oyile njenge-dielectric kunye ne-coolant kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko lwendalo.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo, abaguquli bohlobo olomileyo banenzuzo ecacileyo ngaphezu kweenguqu zeoli ngenxa yokungabikho kolwelo olunokutsha kunye nobungozi obunokuvuza. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziqinileyo ze-resin kwi-transformer yohlobo olomileyo lubonelela ngesisombululo esikhuselekileyo kunye nesingqongileyo sofakelo lwangaphakathi kunye needolophu. Ukongeza, ukupheliswa kwe-oyile njenge-dielectric kunye ne-coolant kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokwenza lula ukulahlwa kunye nenkqubo yokuhlaziya kwakhona ekupheleni kobomi benkonzo ye-transformer.

Ngaphandle kwezi nzuzo, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yohlobo olomileyo lweziguquli kufuneka kwakhona ivavanywe ngononophelo, ngakumbi ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, iinkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye nokulahlwa kokuphela kobomi. Imveliso ye-cast resin imathiriyeli kunye namanye amacandelo asetyenziswa kwiinguqu zodidi ezomileyo zinokuba neyona ndawo ibalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo, efuna izenzo ezizinzileyo kunye nolawulo olunoxanduva kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bemveliso. Ngokuqwalasela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zombini uhlobo olomileyo kunye ne-oyile ye-oyile, abaqhubi begridi yamandla banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa indawo yonke yokusingqongileyo yofakelo lwabo.

Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko kunye neXabiso lilonke loBunini

Iingqwalasela zeendleko zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni iziguquli zeegridi zamandla zanamhlanje, njengoko zinempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo kutyalo-mali lokuqala kunye neendleko zobunini zizonke kubomi benkonzo yesiguquli. Ixabiso le-transformer liphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amandla ayo, ukusebenza kakuhle, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, iimfuno zokulondolozwa, kunye nobomi bokusebenza. Xa uthelekisa uhlobo olomileyo kunye ne-oil transformers, kubalulekile ukuvavanya ixabiso elipheleleyo lobunini, elibandakanya ixabiso lokuqala lokuthenga, iindleko zokufakela, iindleko zokusebenza, kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa kwexesha lokuphila komguquli.

Ngokwexabiso lokuqala lokuthenga, iziguquli zodidi olomileyo zineendleko eziphezulu zangaphambili xa kuthelekiswa neziguquli zeoyile, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphambili zokugquma kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lilonke lobunini lweziguquli zodidi olomileyo lunokuba sezantsi kwixesha elide, njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo lufuna ukulungiswa okuncinci kwaye lunikeze ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni iindleko zokusebenza. Ukongeza, ukungabikho kolwelo olunokutsha kunye nenkqubo yofakelo eyenziwe lula inokuba negalelo ekongeni iindleko ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaguquli be-oyile banokuba nexabiso eliphantsi lokuthenga ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso elipheleleyo lobunini beenguqu zeoyile zinokuphakama kakhulu kwixesha lokuphila kwe-transformer, njengoko zifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo, ukuvavanywa kweoli, kunye nokubeka iliso lokusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile njenge-dielectric kunye ne-coolant nayo ibeka iindleko ezongezelelweyo malunga neenkqubo zokulawula, imilinganiselo yokuthintela ukuchitheka, kunye nokuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo, okumele kufakwe kuhlalutyo lweendleko zilonke.

Xa uvavanya ixabiso elipheleleyo lobunini bohlobo olomileyo kunye nabaguquli beoli, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inzuzo yexesha elide yokusebenza kwamandla, ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko. Ngelixa iziguquli zodidi olomileyo zinokuba notyalo-mali oluphezulu, iindleko zabo zokusebenza eziphantsi kunye nokuncipha kwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunokubangela ukongiwa kweendleko kubomi benkonzo yesiguquli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ixabiso eliphantsi lokuqala leenguqu ze-oyile kufuneka lilinganiswe kwiimfuno zabo eziphezulu zokugcinwa, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye namatyala anokubakho ixesha elide, anokuthi abe nefuthe kwindleko-yokusebenza kakuhle kofakelo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukukhethwa kweziguquli zeegridi zamandla zanamhlanje kubandakanya ukuphononongwa ngononophelo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukusebenza kakuhle, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweendleko. Iziguquli zodidi olomileyo zibonelela ngeenzuzo malunga nokhuseleko, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko zexesha elide, ngakumbi kufakelo lwangaphakathi kunye nedolophu apho ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Abaguquli be-oyile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, babonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-thermal, umthamo ogqithisiweyo, kunye nokuthembeka kwizicelo ezinzima, kodwa zifuna ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kweempembelelo zokusingqongileyo kunye neendleko zokugcinwa kwexesha elide. Ngokuqwalasela iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kunye nokurhweba kohlobo olomileyo kunye ne-oil transformers, abaqhubi begridi yamandla bangenza izigqibo ezicacileyo zokuphucula ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuphumelela kweendleko zofakelo zabo.