Izinto ezintsha zoMbane zoMbane kwiiNkqubo zokuGcina aMandla aPhuculweyo

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zibaluleke kakhulu njengoko ihlabathi lifuna ukutshintshela kwimithombo yamandla ezinzileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa. Ukuphuhliswa kwezinto zombane kusembindini wokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kule ntsimi, njengoko izixhobo ezitsha zibambe isitshixo sokugcina amandla okuphucula, ubomi obude bebhetri, kunye nokwanda kokusebenza kakuhle. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga izinto ezintsha zamva nje kwizixhobo zombane zogcino lwamandla, kunye nefuthe elinokubakho olu phuhliso kwikamva logcino lwamandla.

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion eziphezulu

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion lukhetho oludumileyo lokugcina amandla kwizicelo ezininzi, ukusuka kwi-electronics yabathengi ukuya kwizithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo. Izinto ezintsha zamva nje kwizinto zombane zikhokelele ekuphuhlisweni kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphucukileyo ezinoxinano lwamandla, amandla okutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nobomi bomjikelezo omde. Olu phuculo lwenziwe lwaba nokwenzeka ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ze-electrode, ezifana ne-silicon-based anode kunye neecathodes ezinomthamo ophezulu, kunye nokuphuculwa kwee-electrolyte eziphucula ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwebhetri.

Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ekuphuhliseni iibhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphambili kukuthotywa kwezinto ze-electrode phezu kwemijikelezo yokukhutshwa kwentlawulo ephindaphindiweyo, engakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ubomi bebhetri. Ukujongana nalo mbandela, abaphandi baphanda izinto ezintsha ze-electrode kunye nobuchule be-nanostructuring obunokunciphisa ukwanda komthamo wezinto ze-electrode ngexesha lokuhamba ngebhayisikile, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuzinza kwebhetri kunye nobomi. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrolytes eqinile-state kujongwa njengesisombululo esinokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye noxinano lwamandla eebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezinokuvula amathuba amatsha okugcina amandla kwizicelo ezifunwayo.

I-Supercapacitors yesiZukulwana esilandelayo

I-Supercapacitors, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ultracapacitors, zizixhobo zokugcina amandla ezinokuhambisa amandla aphezulu kunye nemijikelezo yokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, ezenza zifaneleke kakuhle izicelo ezifuna ukuqhuma ngokukhawuleza kwamandla, okufana nokuvuselela i-braking kwizithuthi zombane kunye nokuzinza kwegridi kumandla avuselelweyo. iinkqubo. Inkqubela phambili yakutsha nje kwizixhobo zombane ikhokelele kuphuhliso lwesizukulwana esilandelayo se-supercapacitor enokuphuculwa koxinano lwamandla, amaxabiso aphezulu okukhutshwa kwentlawulo, kunye nobomi bomjikelo omde, nto leyo ezenza zibe yindlela ethembisayo kwiibhetri zesiqhelo kwizicelo ezithile.

Enye yezinto ezitsha eziphambili kwitekhnoloji ye-supercapacitor kuphuhliso lwezixhobo ze-electrode ezixubeneyo ezidibanisa amandla aphezulu ebhetri kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu e-supercapacitors, okuvumela ezona hlabathi zimbini ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kokugcinwa kwamandla. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ezisekelwe kwikhabhoni, ezifana ne-graphene kunye ne-carbon nanotubes, kuye kwavumela ukuphuhliswa kwe-supercapacitors kunye ne-conductivity ephuculweyo kunye nommandla ongaphezulu, ophucula amandla abo okugcina amandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kwentlawulo. Ngaphaya koko, ukuqhubela phambili ekuqulunqweni kwe-electrolyte kunye nolungelelwaniso lwezixhobo kube negalelo kuphuhliso lwee-supercapacitors ngokuphucuka kokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka, kuvula indlela yokwamkelwa kwazo okwandisiweyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla.

IiTekhnoloji zokuGcinwa kwaMandla asakhulayo

Ukongeza kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye ne-supercapacitors, kukho iitekhnoloji ezininzi ezivelayo zokugcina amandla ezisebenzisa izinto ezintsha zombane ukoyisa imida yezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokugcina amandla. Ngokomzekelo, iibhetri ze-slid-state zifumana ingqwalasela njengenye indlela yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion zendabuko, njengoko zinika ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo, ukuxinwa kwamandla aphezulu, kunye nobomi bomjikelezo omude, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrolyte eqinile kunye nezinto eziphambili ze-electrode. Ngaphaya koko, iibhetri ezihambayo ziphuhliswa ngemathiriyeli yenoveli ye-electrode kunye nokwakheka kwe-electrolyte ukuphucula amandla azo okugcina amandla, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokulinganisa usetyenziso lwegridi yesikali.

Enye indawo ethembisayo yophando kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obusakhulayo kuphuhliso lweebhetri zomoya wesinyithi, ezisebenzisa i-anodes yensimbi kunye ne-oxygen ye-atmospheric njenge-cathode yokugcina amandla. Inkqubela phambili yakutsha nje kwizinto zombane yenze ukuba kuphuhliswe iibhetri zomoya wesinyithi ngoxinzelelo oluphuculweyo lwamandla, ubomi bomjikelo omde, kunye neendleko eziphantsi, okubenza ukuba babe ngabagqatswa abanokubakho kwizicelo zogcino lwamandla amakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphambili, ezifana ne-nanomaterials kunye neepolymers eziqhubayo, kwizixhobo zokugcina amandla zivula amathuba amatsha okuphucula ukusebenza kwazo, ukuqina, kunye nokuphumelela kweendleko, ezinokukhawulezisa ukuthunyelwa kwezisombululo zokugcina amandla kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.

Imingeni kunye namaThuba

Nangona ukuphuhliswa kwezinto zombane kwiinkqubo eziphuculweyo zokugcina amandla kunesithembiso esikhulu kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo, kusekho imingeni emininzi ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ukuze ifezekise amandla abo apheleleyo. Omnye wemingeni ephambili kukulinganiswa kunye nokuphumelela kweendleko zezinto eziphambili, njengoko ukuveliswa kwazo ngobuninzi kunye nokudibanisa kwizixhobo zokugcina amandla kunokufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kunye nophuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso. Ngaphezu koko, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezinto ezintsha kunye nokuzinza kweekhonkco zabo zokubonelela kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izibonelelo eziphuculweyo zokugcinwa kwamandla azifiki kwiindleko zendalo kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni.

Nangona le mingeni, kukho amathuba abalulekileyo okuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwezinto zombane kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla, eziqhutywa uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nentsebenziswano kwii-academia, i-industry, kunye nee-arhente zikarhulumente. Amandla okuphucula ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo zokugcina amandla ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha zombane zinokuba neempembelelo zenguqu kumhlaba wamandla, okwenza ukuba ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukufakwa kombane kwezothutho, kunye nokuphuculwa kwegridi. Njengoko imfuno yezisombululo zokugcina amandla iqhubeka ikhula, ngokunjalo kuya kuba nesidingo sokwenza izinto ezintsha kwizixhobo zombane ukunika amandla inguqu ukuya kwikamva lamandla elizinzileyo nelizinzileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zombane kwiinkqubo eziphuculweyo zokugcina amandla zilungele ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva lamandla azinzileyo. Ukusuka kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphambili kunye nesizukulwana esilandelayo kwii-supercapacitors kwi-teknoloji yokugcina amandla, izinto ezintsha ziqhuba ukuguquka kwezixhobo zokugcina amandla kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka. Ngelixa kukho imingeni ekufuneka yoyiswe, amathuba okuqhubeka nokuqamba izinto ezintsha kwizinto zombane abambe amandla okukhawulezisa ukutshintshela kwindawo ecocekileyo, eyomelela ngakumbi kwiziseko zamandla ukuze kuxhamle uluntu kunye neplanethi.