UThutho loMbane kunye nemingeni yoSasazo loMbane: UbuQhinga boBubungqina bexesha elizayo

Kwimeko ekhula ngokukhawuleza yeemfuno zamandla ehlabathi, ukuhanjiswa nokuhanjiswa kombane kujongene nemingeni ekhulayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokuhanjiswa kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Makhe siphonononge eminye imiba ecinezelayo kunye nezicwangciso eziliqili ezifunekayo kubungqina bexesha elizayo bethu bokuhambisa umbane kunye nothungelwano losasazo.

Ukuze uhlale uxakekile, cinga ngoku: khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wehlabathi apho ukucima kombane zizinto zexesha elidlulileyo, apho amandla ahanjiswa ngaphandle komthungo ukusuka kwiindawo zesizukulwana ukuya kumakhaya nakwimizi-mveliso engenazihiba. Ngaba iinkqubo zethu zangoku ziyayilawula loo nto, okanye ngaba kukho ukulungiswa okubalulekileyo okufunekayo?

Imiceli mngeni kwiziseko zoncedo zokuguga

Iziseko ezingundoqo ezixhobisa iinkqubo zethu zokuhambisa nokuhambisa umbane ziyaguga, nto leyo ebonisa ingxaki enkulu ezayo. Uninzi lwegridi yombane kumazwe aphuhlileyo yasekwa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye uninzi lwezixhobo lugqithise ixesha ebelucetyiwe. Esi sibonelelo sokuguga sithambekele ekuqhekekeni, ukungasebenzi, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokulondolozwa, zonke ezo zineziphumo ezibalulekileyo kubaboneleli bamandla kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo.

Iziseko ezingundoqo ezidala zingakhokelela ekucinyweni kombane rhoqo, ukuthembeka okuncitshisiweyo, kunye nokwanda kobuthathaka kwizinto zangaphandle ezifana neentlekele zendalo. Umzekelo, inqaku elinye lokusilela kwisitishi esingaphantsi kwexesha linokubangela ukucima kombane okuxhaphakileyo. Ukukhawulelana nalo mba kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu ekuphuculeni igridi. Nangona kunjalo, umzamo onje wokwenza imali eninzi uhlala ujongana nemiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nemingeni yolawulo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukudityaniswa kobuchwephesha obutsha kwigridi yokuguga akukho mthungo. Ngokomzekelo, ukubandakanya imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo njengomoya kunye namandla elanga-zombini ziyimfuneko kwikamva elizinzileyo-zinikezela imingeni ngokuhambelana neenkqubo ezikhoyo. Ukwahlukahlukana kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo zifuna igridi enokuthi ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphendule, apho iinkqubo ezindala zihlala zinzima ukuzifumana.

Ngokucacileyo, imfuno yeziseko ezingundoqo ezomeleleyo, ezinobungqina bexesha elizayo iyaxinzelela. Ukuphucula ezi sistim akubandakanyi nje ukubuyisela amacandelo aphelelwe lixesha kodwa kuquka iinkqubo ezikrelekrele ezinokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuqikelela ukusilela, nokuququzelela ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe obuvelayo.

Ukuziqhelanisa noHlaziyo lwaMandla aVuselelwayo

Ukutshintshela kwihlabathi jikelele kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ayinakuphikiswa kwaye ifuna utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindlela esihambisa ngayo kunye nokuhambisa umbane. Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo efana namandla omoya kunye nelanga iya ixhaphaka kakhulu ngenxa yokuzinza kunye nokuncipha kweendleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukudityaniswa kwazo kuthungelwano olukhoyo luzisa imingeni eyodwa ekufuneka ijongiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe utshintsho oluthembekileyo lwamandla.

Omnye wemingeni ephambili kukuguquguquka kokwenziwa kombane kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo. Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo zamandla zemveli, ezinokuvelisa umbane ngesantya esihambelanayo, imithombo ehlaziyekayo ixhomekeke ekuguquguqukeni okusekelwe kwiimeko zemozulu kunye nexesha lemini. Oku kuphazamiseka kufuna igridi eguquguqukayo ngakumbi kwaye ephendulayo enokulinganisa ukubonelela kunye nemfuno ngexesha langempela.

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla, ezifana neebhetri, zibalulekile ekujonganeni nolu tshintsho. Ngokugcina amandla agqithisileyo avelisiweyo ngexesha lemveliso ephezulu kunye nokuwakhulula ngexesha lemveliso ephantsi, iinkqubo zokugcina zinokunceda ukuzinzisa igridi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kokugcinwa kwamandla amakhulu kuhlala kungumngeni ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kunye nomthamo ophantsi wokugcina.

Omnye umba kukusasazwa ngokwejografi kwemithombo yobutyebi evuselelekayo. Iifama zomoya kunye nezityalo zelanga zihlala zihlala kwiindawo ezikude, kude namaziko oluntu asebenza kuwo. Oku kufuna uphuhliso lothungelwano olubanzi lothumelo olukwaziyo ukuthutha umbane kumgama omde kunye nelahleko encinci. Itekhnoloji yothumelo lwe-high-voltage ngqo yangoku (i-HVDC) sisisombululo esinye esinokubakho, esibonelela ngobuchule obukhulu kumgama omde xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zemveli ezitshintshanayo zangoku (AC).

Ngaphezu koko, ukudibanisa uhlaziyo kwigridi kufuna iinkqubo zokulawula eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinokulawula ukuhamba kombane kwimithombo emininzi ngelixa ugcina uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka. Itekhnoloji yolawulo lwegridi ephucukileyo, efana neegridi ezihlakaniphileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuphendula imfuno, zibalulekile ekufezekiseni le njongo. Ezi nkqubo ziphakamisa idatha yexesha langempela kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo ukulungiselela ukuhanjiswa kombane kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwegridi.

Izigrogriso zeCybersecurity kunye noKhuseleko lweGridi

Kwihlabathi elikhulayo ledijithali, isoyikiso sokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kwigridi yombane yinkxalabo ekhulayo. Igridi yanamhlanje ixhomekeke kakhulu kubuchwephesha bedijithali kunye nonxibelelwano, okwenza kube sesichengeni sokungena kwi-cyber enokuphazamisa ukusebenza, kubangele umonakalo womzimba, okanye ukuphazamisa idatha ebuthathaka.

Iziphumo zokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber ngempumelelo kwigridi kunokuba nzima. Kunokukhokelela ekumkani kombane okuxhaphakileyo, ukulahlekelwa kwezoqoqosho, kwanokude kubangele ukhuseleko lwelizwe lube sengozini. Iziseko ezingundoqo ezifana nezibhedlele, iindawo zokucocwa kwamanzi, kunye neenkqubo zothutho zixhomekeke kumbane ozinzileyo; ukophulwa kokhuseleko lothungelwano lwegridi kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwezi nkonzo zibalulekileyo.

Ukukhusela igridi kwiisongelo ze-cyber kufuna indlela eneenkalo ezininzi. Oku kuquka ukuphumeza imilinganiselo eyomeleleyo yokhuseleko lwe-intanethi efana neenkqubo zokubona ukungena, iindonga zomlilo, kunye noguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo ukukhusela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kunye nokwaphulwa kwedatha. Uvavanyo rhoqo lokhuseleko kunye novavanyo lokuba sesichengeni zikwabalulekile ukuchonga nokujongana nobuthathaka obunokwenzeka kwisiseko sedijithali segridi.

Ngaphezu koko, into yomntu idlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwegridi. Uqeqesho lwe-Cybersecurity kunye neenkqubo zokwazisa zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba abasebenzi bayayiqonda ingozi kwaye balandele iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ulwazi olubuthathaka kunye neenkqubo. Ukuseka iiprothokholi ezicacileyo kunye nezicwangciso zokuphendula isiganeko kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa impembelelo yohlaselo lwe-cyber kwaye kube lula ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza.

Enye inkalo yokhuseleko lwegridi kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomzimba. Amacandelo abalulekileyo egridi, ezifana nezitishi kunye namaziko olawulo, kufuneka akhuselwe kwizisongelo zomzimba, kubandakanywa ukonakalisa, ukutshabalalisa, kunye neentlekele zendalo. Ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko olubonakalayo afana neenkqubo zokucupha, ulawulo lofikelelo, kunye nezakhiwo ezinqatyisiweyo kunokunceda ukukhusela ezi asethi zibalulekileyo.

Imingeni yoLawulo kunye nePolisi

Izikhokelo zolawulo nemigaqo-nkqubo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva lokuhanjiswa nokuhanjiswa kombane. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhangela ezi zikhokelo kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ngenxa yobunzima kunye nobume obuhlala buqhekeka bemimiselo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye nolawulo.

Omnye umngeni omkhulu wolawulo sisidingo semigaqo-nkqubo ehlaziyiweyo exhasa ukudityaniswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nobuchwepheshe begridi bale mihla. Imimiselo ekhoyo ayinakukwazi ukujongana ngokwaneleyo neemfuno ezizodwa kunye neenzuzo zamandla avuselelekayo, ezinokuthintela ukuthunyelwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo. Abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka baphuhlise kwaye baphumeze imimiselo ekhuthaza utyalo-mali lwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zemvume, kunye nokuququzelela uphuhliso lweziseko eziyimfuneko.

Ukongeza, ukutshintshela kwigridi enatyisiweyo, enabavelisi abaninzi abancinci bamandla ahlaziyekayo, ifuna iindlela ezintsha zokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela okufanelekileyo kunye nembuyekezo. Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-Net metering, evumela abathengi ukuba bazenzele umbane wabo kwaye bathengise umbane ogqithisiweyo kwigridi, kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ukukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba ngelixa kugcinwa uzinzo kunye nobulungisa.

Iinkuthazo zemali kunye neendlela zenkxaso-mali nazo zibalulekile ekuxhaseni ukuphuculwa kothungelwano. Izibonelelo zikarhulumente, iinkxaso-mali, kunye nenkuthazo yerhafu inokunceda ukukhawulelana neendleko eziphezulu zokuphucula iziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokusasaza ubugcisa obuphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana inkxaso-mali engaguqukiyo neyaneleyo kusengumceli-mngeni, ngakumbi kwimimandla ejongene nemiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali nezinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo.

Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemigangatho kubalulekile ukujongana nemiba yokuhanjiswa kombane kunye nokusasazwa kwemida. Njengoko uqhagamshelwano phakathi kweegridi zelizwe lukhula, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuhambelana kwimimiselo kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Iinzame zentsebenziswano phakathi koorhulumente, abachaphazelekayo kushishino, kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ziyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza imigangatho kunye nezenzo ezamkelwe kwihlabathi jikelele.

Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye neTekhnoloji yeGridi eSmart

Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe begridi enobuchule ngundoqo ekoyiseni imingeni ejongene nokuhanjiswa nokuhanjiswa kombane. Igridi ehlakaniphile iphakamisa unxibelelwano lwedijithali oluphambili, i-automation, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuguquguquka kwegridi yombane.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zegridi ehlakaniphile kukukwazi ukubonelela ngokubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani kunye nokulawula imisebenzi yegridi. Iinzwa eziphakamileyo kunye neemitha ziqokelela idatha malunga nokusetyenziswa kombane, ukusebenza kwegridi, kunye neziphene ezinokuthi zibe khona, zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bachonge ngokukhawuleza kwaye balungise imiba ngaphambi kokuba inyuke. Le ndlela esebenzayo inokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokucima kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwegridi ngokubanzi.

Ukuzenzekela lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo legridi ehlakaniphile. Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo kunye ne-algorithms eguquguqukayo inokwandisa ukuhamba kwamandla, ukulawula imfuno, kunye nokudibanisa imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo zokuphendula imfuno ngokuzenzekelayo zinokuhlengahlengisa ukusetyenziswa kombane ekuphenduleni utshintsho ekuboneleleni, ukunceda ukulungelelanisa igridi kunye nokuthintela ukulayisha ngaphezulu ngexesha leencopho.

Igridi ehlakaniphile ikwavumela ukuba abathengi bathathe inxaxheba enkulu kwimarike yamandla. Ngeziseko ezingundoqo zemitha, abasebenzisi banokufikelela kulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokusetyenziswa kombane kunye neendleko, ukubaxhobisa ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Iinkqubo zolawulo olukwicala lemfuno zinokunika inkuthazo kubathengi ukuba banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwabo ngamaxesha aphakamileyo, ukomeleza ngakumbi ukuthembeka kwegridi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlanganiswa kwezibonelelo zamandla ezisasazwayo, ezifana neepaneli zelanga eziphahleni kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla, ziququzelelwa yi-smart grid. Ezi zixhobo zinokudityaniswa ngokungenamthungo kwigridi, zibonelela ngomthamo owongezelelweyo kunye nokomelela. Ii-Microgrids, eziziigridi ezincinci zendawo ezinokuthi zisebenze ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngokubambisana negridi eyintloko, ziphinde zizuze kwiiteknoloji zegridi ezihlakaniphile ngokuvumela ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembekileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, imingeni ejongene nokuhanjiswa nokuhanjiswa kombane inamacala amaninzi kwaye ifuna amaqhinga abanzi kunye nezinto ezintsha zokulungisa. Iziseko zophuhliso ezigugayo, ukudityaniswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, izoyikiso zokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity, imiba yolawulo, kunye nesidingo sobuchwephesha begridi ekrelekrele zonke zibeka imiqobo ebalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwamkela iindlela ezijonge phambili kunye nokwamkela inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, sinokwakha igridi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobungqina bexesha elizayo ehlangabezana neemfuno zenkulungwane yama-21.

Ngokwenza utyalo-mali ekuphuculeni iziseko ezingundoqo, ukuphumeza imilinganiselo yokhuseleko oluluqilima kwi-intanethi, ukukhuthaza izikhokelo zolawulo ezixhasayo, kunye nokuxhasa itekhnoloji yegridi ehlakaniphile, sinokuqinisekisa ikamva lamandla elithembekileyo, elisebenzayo nelizinzileyo. Uhambo olusingise kwigridi yombane wobungqina bexesha elizayo luntsonkothile kwaye lucela umngeni, kodwa ngentsebenziswano kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, sinako ukuyoyisa le miqobo kwaye sidale inkqubo yamandla eyomelela kwizizukulwana ezizayo.