Ukukhetha iiKhabhinethi zokuSasaza eziLungileyo zokuSebenza ngokuPhezulu koMbane

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iikhabhathi ezifanelekileyo zokuhambisa umbane ukuze usebenze kakuhle, kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Iikhabhinethi zokusasaza ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yombane, njengoko inoxanduva lwezindlu kunye nokukhusela amacandelo ombane ayimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo. Ukusuka kwii-breaker circuits ukuya kwi-fuses ukuya kwii-transformers, iikhabhinethi zokusabalalisa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umbane usasazwa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwisakhiwo sonke okanye indawo.

Ukuqonda iiKhabhinethi zokusasaza

Iikhabhinethi zokusasaza, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziibhodi zokuhambisa umbane okanye iipaneli zepaneli, ziindawo ezivaliweyo ezigcina izinto zombane ezinje ngeesekethe, iifuse, kunye nokutshintsha. La macandelo aqhagamshelwe kwimithombo yamandla angenayo kwaye anoxanduva lokuhambisa amandla ombane kwiisekethe ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo okanye indawo. Iikhabhinethi zokusasaza ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kunye nolungelelwaniso, kwaye iimfuno ezithile zesicelo esinikiweyo ziya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu beziko, ubungakanani bamandla ombane ekufuneka usasazwe, kunye neemfuno ezithile zenkqubo yombane. .

Xa ukhetha ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno ezithile zenkqubo yombane eya kusetyenziswa kuyo. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nombane kunye nomlinganiselo wangoku weesekethe zombane, inani kunye neentlobo zamalungu ombane ekufuneka afakwe kwikhabhinethi, kunye noyilo ngokubanzi kunye noyilo lwesixokelelwano sombane.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iiKhabhinethi zokusasaza

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa ukhetha iikhabhinethi zokusasaza ukusebenza kakuhle kombane. Ezi ziquka:

- I-voltage kunye nokulinganiswa kwangoku: Iikhabhinethi zokusabalalisa zifumaneka kuluhlu lwe-voltage kunye nemilinganiselo yangoku ukulungiselela iimfuno ezithile zeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zombane. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ikhabhinethi ekwazi ukuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo i-voltage kunye namanqanaba akhoyo kwiisekethe zombane eziza kudityaniswa kuyo.

- Ubungakanani kunye nokucwangciswa: Ubungakanani kunye nokucwangciswa kwekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno ezithile zenkqubo yombane eya kusetyenziswa kuyo. Izinto ezifana nenani leesekethe, ubungakanani beziko, kunye nokwakheka kwenkqubo yombane zonke ziya kuba nefuthe kubungakanani kunye nokwakheka kwekhabhinethi.

- Ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko: Iikhabhinethi zokusabalalisa zijongene nezindlu kunye nokukhusela amacandelo ombane, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha ikhabhinethi eyenzelwe ukubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kwezi zixhobo. Oku kubandakanya iimpawu ezinjengokhuseleko lwesekethe eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo, kunye nokufikeleleka kokugcinwa kunye nokusombulula ingxaki.

- Ukuthotyelwa kweekhowudi kunye nemigangatho: Iikhabhinethi zokusabalalisa kufuneka zihambelane neekhowudi zombane zendawo kunye nemigangatho yokuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye zithembekile. Kubalulekile ukukhetha iikhabhinethi eziyilwe kwaye zenziwe ngokuhambelana nale khowudi kunye nemigangatho yokuphepha ukuphepha ubungozi obunokubakho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yombane.

- Ukulula ukufakela kunye nokugcinwa: Xa ukhetha ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nokulula kokufakela kunye nokugcinwa. Oku kuquka iimpawu ezifana nesithuba esaneleyo sokusebenza, ukuleyibhelishwa okucacileyo kwamalungu, kunye nokufikeleleka kulondolozo kunye nokusombulula ingxaki.

Iindidi zeeKhabhinethi zokusasaza

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhabhinethi zokusabalalisa ezikhoyo, nganye yazo yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile kunye nezicelo. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeekhabhathi zokuhambisa ziquka:

- Iibhodi zokusasaza eziphambili (MDBs): Iibhodi zokusasaza eziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukusasaza amandla ombane ukusuka kumthombo wamandla angenayo ukuya kwiibhodi ezincinci zokusasazwa okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwiisekethe zomntu ngamnye. Ii-MDB zenzelwe ukuphatha iisekethe eziphezulu zangoku kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinkulu zorhwebo okanye kwimizi-mveliso.

- Iibhodi zokusasazwa kombane (Sub-distribution boards) (SDBs): Iibhodi ezisasazwayo zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla ombane ukusuka kwibhodi yokuhambisa engundoqo ukuya kwiisekethe ezizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo okanye indawo. IiSDB zidla ngokusetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nee-MDB ukubonelela ngeendlela zokusasaza amandla kwiindawo ezithile okanye kwimisebenzi ngaphakathi kwendawo.

- Iibhodi zokugqibela zokusasazwa (FDBs): Iibhodi zokugqibela zokusasazwa zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla ombane kwiisekethe zomntu ngamnye ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo okanye indawo. Ii-FDB zihlala kufutshane nemithwalo ezisebenza kuyo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeendlela zokuhambisa amandla kwiindawo ezithile okanye imisebenzi ngaphakathi kwendawo.

- Iintsika zomxhesho: Iintsika zomxhesho ziikhabhinethi zokusasazwa kwangaphandle ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlalisa amacandelo ombane kunye nokuhambisa amandla kwiisekethe zangaphandle ezifana nokukhanya kwesitrato, imiqondiso yendlela, kunye nolunye ufakelo lwangaphandle. Iintsika ze-feeder zenzelwe ukubonelela ngokukhuselwa kwamacandelo ombane kwiindawo zangaphandle kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa kwiindawo ezisezidolophini nasezidolophini.

- Amaziko olawulo lweemoto (ii-MCCs): Amaziko olawulo lweemoto asetyenziselwa ukubeka amacandelo ombane kunye nezixhobo zokulawula oomatshini kunye nezixhobo eziqhutywa ngeemoto. Ii-MCC zenzelwe ukubonelela ngeendlela zokulawula nokukhusela iinjini kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo, kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso.

IiNdlela eziGqwesileyo zokuKhetha iiKhabhinethi zokusasaza

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezilungileyo ekufuneka zilandelwe xa ukhetha iikhabhinethi zokuhambisa ukuze usebenze ngombane. Ezi nkqubo zingcono ziquka:

- Ukuqhuba uhlolo olucokisekileyo lwesixokelelwano sombane ukufumanisa iimfuno ezithile zeekhabhinethi zokusasaza, kubandakanywa izinto ezinje ngombane kunye namanqanaba akhoyo, inani kunye neendidi zeesekethe, kunye noyilo lwesixokelelwano sombane.

- Qhagamshelana nenjineli yombane enamava okanye ikontraki ukumisela olona hlobo lufanelekileyo kunye nokucwangciswa kweekhabhinethi zokuhambisa iimfuno ezithile zenkqubo yombane.

- Khetha iikhabhinethi zokusasaza eziyilwe kwaye zenziwe ngababoneleli abathembekileyo nabathembekileyo, kwaye bathobela iikhowudi zombane kunye nemigangatho yendawo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikhabhinethi zikhuselekile, zithembekile, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zenkqubo yombane.

- Qwalasela izinto ezifana nokulula kokufakela, ukugcinwa, kunye nokufikeleleka xa ukhetha iikhabhinethi zokusasaza, kwaye ukhethe iikhabhinethi ezilungiselelwe ukubonelela indawo efanelekileyo yokusebenza, ukuleyibheli okucacileyo kwamacandelo, kunye nokufikelela lula ukulungiswa kunye nokuxazulula iingxaki.

- Cwangcisa ukwandiswa kwexesha elizayo kunye nokuguquguquka ngokukhetha iikhabhinethi zokusasaza ezinomthamo owaneleyo wokukhula kwixesha elizayo kwaye ezinokwamkela utshintsho kwinkqubo yombane ngexesha.

- Qwalasela izinto ezifana neendleko, ukufumaneka, kunye nexesha lokuhambisa xa ukhetha iikhabhinethi zokusabalalisa, kwaye ukhethe iikhabhinethi ezibonelela ngomgangatho ophezulu womgangatho, ukuthembeka, kunye nexabiso leemfuno ezithile zenkqubo yombane.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, ukukhetha iikhabhinethi ezifanelekileyo zokuhambisa umbane ukuze kusebenze umbane ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusasazwa okukhuselekileyo nokufanelekileyo kwamandla ombane ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo okanye indawo. Ngokuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezinje ngombane kunye nomgangatho wangoku, ubungakanani kunye nolungelelwaniso, ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko, ukuthotyelwa kweekhowudi kunye nemigangatho, kunye nokulula kofakelo kunye nokugcinwa, kunokwenzeka ukukhetha iikhabhathi zokuhambisa ezikwaziyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zombane. inkqubo yombane eziya kusetyenziswa kuyo. Ukongezelela, ukuqwalasela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhabhinethi zokusabalalisa ezikhoyo kunye nokulandela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhethwa kwazo kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikhabhinethi zibonelela ngokulinganisela okusemgangathweni, ukuthembeka, kunye nexabiso leemfuno ezithile zenkqubo yombane. Ngokulandela ezi zikhokelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe iikhabhinethi zokusabalalisa ezikwaziyo ukubonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kombane kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenzayo kwamandla ombane.