Impembelelo yeZiguquli zoMbane oPhezulu kuMgangatho waMandla

Iziguquli zamandla ombane aphezulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusasazweni nasekugqithiseni amandla, zichaphazela umgangatho wamandla ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda imiphumo yeenguqu eziphezulu zombane kumgangatho wamandla kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zombane. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga impembelelo yeenguqu zamandla ombane aphezulu kumgangatho wamandla kwaye sixoxe ngamanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ukunciphisa imiba enokubakho.

Iziseko zoGuqulo lwaMandla oMbane oPhezulu

Iziguquli zamandla ombane aphezulu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yothumelo lwamandla ombane kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa. Zisetyenziselwa ukunyusa i-voltage yokuhambisa umgama omde kwaye emva koko uyibeke phantsi ukuze isasazwe kubasebenzisi bokugqibela. Ezi ziguquli zidla ngokuyilwa ukuba zilawule amandla ombane ukusuka kwi-69 kV ukuya kuma-500 kV okanye ngaphezulu. Iziguquli zamandla ombane aphezulu zibandakanya i-windings yaseprayimari neyesibini, i-core, kunye ne-insulation materials. Undoqo udla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nephezulu njengentsimbi yesilicon ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Owona msebenzi uphambili wesiguquli samandla ombane aphezulu kukuhambisa amandla ombane ukusuka kwesinye isekethe ukuya kwenye ngokufakelwa kombane. Xa i-alternating current (AC) iqukuqela kwindlela yokujija engundoqo, idala indawo yemagnethi eguqukayo eyenza amandla ombane kumoya wesibini. Le nkqubo ivumela ukuhanjiswa okusebenzayo kwamandla ombane kumgama omde.

Iziguquli zombane eziphezulu zibalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kweegridi zombane. Nangona kunjalo, banokuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kumgangatho wamandla, ezichaphazela izinto ezinje ngolawulo lombane, ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Iziphumo zoGuqulo lwaMandla oMbane oPhezulu kuLawulo loMbane

Ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane ngumba obalulekileyo womgangatho wamandla, njengoko uqinisekisa ukuba amandla ombane anikezelwe kumthwalo wombane ahlala ngaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo. Iziguquli zamandla ombane aphezulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwamandla ombane ngokunyusa okanye ukuthoba amandla ombane njengoko kufuneka kugqithiso nokusasazwa. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezinje nge-impedance ye-transformer, ukuguquguquka komthwalo, kunye neemeko zenkqubo zinokuchaphazela umgaqo wombane.

Enye indlela iziguquli zamandla ombane aphezulu ezinokuchaphazela ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane kukuhla kwamandla ombane kunye nokuguquguquka. Xa umthwalo uxhunyiwe kwi-second winding ye-transformer, i-voltage kwi-terminals yomthwalo ingahla ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-transformer kunye nemigca yokuhambisa. Oku kunokukhokelela kutshintsho lwamandla ombane olunokuthi luchaphazele ukusebenza kwesixhobo sombane esibuthathaka.

Omnye umba onxulumene nolawulo lombane kukungalingani kwamandla ombane. Imithwalo engalinganiyo exhunywe kwi-winding yesibini ye-transformer inokubangela ukusabalalisa umbane olinganayo kuzo zonke izigaba ezithathu, ezikhokelela ekuhlukeni kombane kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka kwisixhobo. Iziguquli zamandla ombane aphezulu kufuneka ziyilwe kwaye zisebenze ukunciphisa ezi ziphumo kunye nokugcina ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane okuzinzileyo.

Impembelelo ye-High Voltage Transformers kwi-Harmonic Distortion

IHarmonics lugqweso olungagungqiyo lwesiseko samaza e-AC, okubangelwa bubukho bemithwalo engahambelaniyo efana nezixhobo zombane zombane. Iziguquli zamandla ombane aphezulu zinokuba negalelo ekugqwethekeni kwe-harmonic ngezinto ezinje ngokugcwala okungundoqo, imagneti yangoku, kunye noqhagamshelo lwesiguquli.

I-core saturation kwi-voltage ephezulu ye-voltage inokukhokelela ekwandeni komxholo we-harmonic kwinkqubo. Xa i-flux yamagnetic kwi-core ifikelela kumanqanaba okugcoba, i-transformer inokuqala ukuvelisa i-harmonics ephezulu, enokuchaphazela umgangatho wamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

I-Magnetizing current, efunekayo ukuseka i-magnetic flux kumbindi we-transformer, inokuba negalelo kwi-harmonic ukuphazamiseka. I-magnetizing waveform yangoku isenokungabi kwisigaba kunye ne-voltage waveform, ekhokelela kwi-harmonic currents ezinokuchaphazela umgangatho wamandla uwonke wenkqubo.

Udibaniso lweTransformer, olufana nedelta kunye nolungelelwaniso lwe-wye, lunokuchaphazela ukugqwetheka kwe-harmonic. Ukukhethwa koqhagamshelo lwe-transformer kunokuchaphazela indlela i-harmonics ehanjiswa ngayo kunye nokunciphisa ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yombane. Ukukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye noyilo lokudityaniswa kwe-transformer kubalulekile ekunciphiseni impembelelo ye-harmonics kumgangatho wamandla.

IiNgqwalasela zokuSebenza kwiiGuquli zoMbane oPhezulu

Ukusebenza ngobuchule yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhanjiswa nokusasazwa kwamandla, kwaye iinguqu zamandla ombane aphezulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane ngendlela eyiyo. Ilahleko yeTransformer, kubandakanya ilahleko yobhedu, ilahleko engundoqo, kunye nelahleko elahlekileyo, inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-voltage ephezulu.

Ukulahleka kobhedu, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-I2R ilahleko, kwenzeka kwi-windings ye-transformer ngenxa yokuchasana kwabaqhubi. Ezi lahleko zanda kunye nesikwere somthwalo wangoku kwaye zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer. Uyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunokunceda ukunciphisa ilahleko zethusi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer jikelele.

Ilahleko engundoqo, ebandakanya i-hysteresis kunye nelahleko yangoku ye-eddy, iyenzeka kwizinto ezingundoqo ze-transformer ngenxa ye-magnetization kunye neenkqubo ze-demagnetization. Ezi lahleko zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer kwaye zibe negalelo ekuveliseni ubushushu. Ukusebenzisa izinto eziphambili ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuphucula uyilo kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa ilahleko engundoqo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer.

Iilahleko ezilahlekileyo, ezibandakanya ilahleko ngenxa ye-eddy currents kwizinto zesakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zokugquma, zinokuchaphazela nokusebenza kwe-voltage ephezulu. Ukunciphisa ilahleko elahlekileyo ngoyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nobuchule bokwakha kubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho yamandla.

Amanyathelo okuphucula uMgangatho waMandla kwiiTransformers zoMbane oPhezulu

Ukujongana nempembelelo yeenguqu zamandla ombane aphezulu kumgangatho wamandla kufuna indlela eneenkalo ezininzi eqwalasela izinto ezifana noyilo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokubeka iliso. Amanyathelo amaninzi anokuthathwa ukuphucula umgangatho wamandla kwiziguquli zamandla ombane aphezulu kunye nokunciphisa imiba enokwenzeka.

Omnye umlinganiselo ophambili kukukhetha izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezixhobo zoyilo ukunciphisa ilahleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezingundoqo ezifikelelekayo eziphezulu, ii-conductor ezikwaziyo ukuxhathisa, kunye nezixhobo zokugquma ezihambele phambili zokuphucula ukusebenza kweziguquli zombane ophezulu.

Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokubeka iliso kukwabalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kweziguquli zombane ophezulu kunye nokugcina umgangatho wamandla. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo, ukuvavanywa, kunye nokugcinwa kothintelo kunokunceda ukuchonga imiba enokubakho kunye nokuthintela ukusilela okunokuchaphazela umgangatho wamandla.

Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokubeka iliso ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nokulawula kunokubonelela ngokubonakala kwexesha lokwenyani ekusebenzeni kweenguqu zamandla ombane aphezulu kwaye kuvumele amanyathelo asebenzayo ukujongana nemiba enokubakho yobulunga bamandla. Oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwabenzi boluvo, itekhnoloji yokubeka iliso ekude, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezikrelekrele ukunyusa ukusebenza kwe-transformer kunye nokwandisa umgangatho wamandla.

Isishwankathelo, iinguqu zamandla ombane aphezulu zinempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho wamandla kwiinkqubo zombane, eziphembelela ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane, ukugqwetheka kwe-harmonic, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukuqonda imiphumo yeenguqu eziphezulu zombane kumgangatho wamandla kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweegridi zombane. Ngokuqwalasela izinto ezifana noyilo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokubeka iliso, impembelelo yeenguqu zamandla ombane aphezulu kumgangatho wamandla inokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxhasa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo nokusebenzayo kweenkqubo zombane.