Ukuqonda iSiseko sokuThunyelwa koMbane kunye noThungelwano loSasazo loMbane

Uthungelwano lombane kunye nothungelwano lokuhambisa ziziseko ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Olu nxibelelwano lunoxanduva lonikezelo lombane olusebenzayo noluthembekileyo ukusuka kumaziko ombane ukuya kumakhaya, amashishini, kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ukuqonda indlela olu nxibelelwano lusebenza ngayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni unikezelo lombane oluthembekileyo nolukhuselekileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iziseko zothumelo lombane kunye nothungelwano losasazo, kubandakanywa amacandelo abo, ukusebenza, kunye nemingeni abajongene nayo.

Amacandelo oThungelwano loThutho loMbane

Uthungelwano lothutho lombane lunoxanduva lokuthutha izixa ezikhulu zombane kwimigama emide, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kumaziko ombane ukuya kuthungelwano lokuhambisa okanye phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo. Olu thungelwano lunamacandelo ahlukeneyo, kuquka iintambo zothumelo, izitishi ezincinci, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo.

Iintambo zothutho zezona ndlela ziphambili zokuthutha umbane kumgama omde. Le migca iqhele ukwenziwa ngezinto zokuqhuba, ezinje nge-aluminiyam okanye ubhedu, kwaye zixhaswa ziinqaba okanye iipali. Ii-conductor zisetyenziselwa ukuthwala umbane, ngelixa iinqaba okanye iipali zibonelela ngenkxaso kunye nokugquma komhlaba. Iintambo zothumelo zinokuhamba amakhulu eemayile kwaye ziyakwazi ukuthutha izixa ezikhulu zombane kumbane ophezulu.

Izitishi ziyinxalenye ephambili yothungelwano lothungelwano kwaye zisebenza njengendawo yokusebenzela kunye nokuguqula umbane. Ezi zixhobo zixhotyiswe ngee-transformer ezinokonyusa okanye zicuthe amandla ombane njengoko kufuneka ukuhanjiswa. Izitishi zikwafaka nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela, ezinje ngee-breaker circuit kunye neerelays, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwenethiwekhi.

Iinkqubo zolawulo zisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni nokulawula ukuhamba kombane ngaphakathi kuthungelwano lothumelo. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ubugcisa obuphezulu, obufana ne-SCADA (ULawulo lokuLawula nokuFumana iDatha), ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya idatha esuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuthungelwano. Iinkqubo zokulawula zivumela abaqhubi ukuba babone kwaye baphendule kwimiba, efana nokugqithiswa okanye ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwenethiwekhi yothumelo.

Ukusebenza koThungelwano loThutho loMbane

Ukusebenza kothungelwano lothutho lombane kubandakanya ulawulo olulungelelanisiweyo lwamacandelo ahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa uthutho oluthembekileyo nolusebenzayo lombane. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuveliswa kombane kumaziko ombane, ukuhanjiswa kombane kumgama omde, kunye nokuhanjiswa kombane kuthungelwano lokuhambisa umbane okanye abasebenzisi bokugqibela.

Inyathelo lokuqala ekusebenzeni kothungelwano lothumelo kukuveliswa kombane kumaziko ombane. Ezi zityalo zisebenzisa imithombo yamandla eyahlukahlukeneyo, enjengamalahle, igesi yendalo, inyukliya, okanye ubuncwane obunokuhlaziywa, ukuvelisa umbane. Umbane oveliswayo emva koko uthunyelwa kuthungelwano lothumelo ngoqhagamshelo lwevoltage ephezulu.

Wakuba umbane ungene kuthungelwano lothumelo, uthuthwa ngemigama emide kusetyenziswa iintambo zothumelo. Umbane ophezulu we-voltage uhanjiswa kumanqanaba anokuthi asuse kumakhulu eekhilovolthi ukuya kwi-volts engaphezulu kwesigidi, kuxhomekeke kumgama kunye nomthamo wombane ohanjiswayo. Iintambo zothumelo ziyilwe ngononophelo kwaye zigcinwe ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo.

Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ecaleni kothungelwano lothumelo, umbane unokugqithiswa kwizitishi ezincinci ukulungisa amanqanaba ombane njengoko kufuneka kuthumelo. Izixhobo zombane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi ngokubonelela ngezakhono zokunyuka okanye ukuhla amandla ombane, kunye nokubeka iliso kunye nokukhusela inethiwekhi ekuphazamiseni okanye kwiimpazamo.

Iinkqubo zolawulo zisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni nokulawula ukuhamba kombane ngaphakathi kuthungelwano lothumelo. Ezi nkqubo zivumela abaqhubi ukuba babeke iliso ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi, benze uhlengahlengiso lwangempela ekuhambeni kombane, kwaye baphendule kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga, ezifana nokungaphumeleli kwezixhobo okanye ukuphazamiseka. Ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokulawula eziphambili kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwenethiwekhi yokudlulisa phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.

Imingeni kunye noPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo kuThungelwano loThutho loMbane

Uthungelwano lothutho lombane lujongene nemingeni eyahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iziseko zophuhliso ezigugayo, ukwanda kwemfuno yombane, kunye nokudityaniswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Le mingeni inika amathuba okuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuqhubekayo nokusebenza kakuhle kothungelwano lothumelo.

Omnye wemingeni engundoqo ejongene nothungelwano lothumelo lombane sisakhiwo esidala. Iintambo ezininzi zothumelo kunye nezitishi ezincinci zakhiwa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye zifikelela esiphelweni sobomi bazo bokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yophuculo, ukutshintshwa, kunye nokuphuculwa kweziseko ezingundoqo iya ibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuqhubekayo kunye nokhuseleko lothungelwano.

Omnye umngeni kukwanda kwemfuno yombane eqhutywa kukukhula kwabemi, ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Imfuno ekhulayo yombane ifuna ukwandiswa nokomelezwa kothungelwano lothumelo ukuxhasa ubonelelo oluthembekileyo nolukhuselekileyo lombane emakhayeni, kumashishini nakumashishini.

Ukudityaniswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, efana nomoya nelanga, nako kuzisa imingeni kuthungelwano lokuhambisa umbane. Le mithombo yamandla ihlala ibekwe kwiindawo ezikude, ifuna ukwakhiwa kweentambo ezintsha zothumelo ukuze zixhunywe kwigridi engundoqo. Ubume bexeshana bemithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo bukwafuna uphuhliso lweenkqubo zolawulo oluphezulu nolawulo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo nokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi.

Ukuphendula le mingeni, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye neenzame zophuhliso zijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuqina kwamanethiwekhi okuhambisa umbane. Ezi nzame zibandakanya uphuhliso lwemathiriyeli ephucukileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bothutho lweentambo kunye nezikhululo ezincinci, ukuphunyezwa kolawulo oluphezulu kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo, kunye nokusasazwa kobuchwepheshe begridi ephucukileyo ukomeleza ukubeka iliso kunye nolawulo lothungelwano.

Lilonke, ukuqonda iziseko zothumelo nothungelwano lokuhanjiswa kombane kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni unikezelo lombane oluthembekileyo nolukhuselekileyo ukunika amandla uluntu lwale mihla. Ngokuphonononga amacandelo, ukusebenza, kunye nemingeni yothungelwano lothungelwano, sifumana ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezixhasa ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Njengoko uthungelwano lothumelo luqhubeka nokuvela kwaye lujongene nemingeni emitsha, ukuqaliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso kuya kubaluleka ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yombane kunye nokubandakanya imithombo yamandla ezinzileyo kwigridi.