Zeziphi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla?

Iinkqubo zogcino lwamandla zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi lethu lanamhlanje, zibonelela ngendlela yokugcina amandla agqithisileyo avela kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo noluthembekileyo. Ngokugxila okukhulayo kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nesidingo sokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu, imfuno yeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezisebenzayo nezithembekileyo azizange zibe phezulu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezisetyenziswayo ngoku, kunye nendlela ezinceda ngayo ukubumba ikamva lokugcina amandla.

IiNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla oMbane

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ombane zezinye zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla, ezinikezela ngendlela yokugcina umbane ogqithisileyo owenziwe kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo efana nelanga kunye nomoya. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zigcina amandla ngendlela yamandla ekhemikhali, zisebenzisa iibhetri kunye ne-supercapacitors ukugcina nokukhulula umbane njengoko kufuneka. Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokugcina amandla ombane iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizithuthi zombane kunye nezicelo zokugcina amandla egridi. Ezi bhetri zibonelela ngamandla amakhulu kunye nobomi bomjikelezo omde, okubenza babe lukhetho oludumileyo lokugcina amandla.

Olunye uhlobo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla ombane yi-supercapacitor, enika amandla aphezulu oxinaniso kunye nokuhlawulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhupha amandla. I-Supercapacitors isoloko isetyenziswa ngokubambisana neebhetri ukubonelela ngamandla ongezelelweyo kwizicelo eziphezulu zemfuno ezifana neenqwelo ze-hybridi kunye nokuzinziswa kwegridi. Ezinye iintlobo zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ombane zibandakanya iibhetri zokuhamba, ezisebenzisa iikhemikhali zokuphendula kunye nokukhulula amandla, kunye nee-flywheels, ezigcina amandla ngendlela yamandla e-kinetic.

IiNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla oomatshini

Iinkqubo zogcino lwamandla oomatshini zigcina amandla ngokohlobo lwamandla omatshini, kaninzi zisebenzisa i-kinetic okanye amandla anokubakho ukugcina nokukhulula amandla njengoko kufuneka. Enye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ngoomatshini kukumpontshwa kwamanzi, esebenzisa amandla angaphezulu ukumpompa amanzi ukuya kwindawo ephezulu, aze awakhuphe ngee turbines ukuvelisa umbane xa kuyimfuneko. Ugcino lwe-hydro olumponthiweyo lunikezela ngamandla amakhulu kunye nobomi bomjikelo omde, nto leyo eyenze ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo lokugcina amandla egridi.

Olunye uhlobo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla ngoomatshini kukugcina amandla omoya acinezelweyo, esebenzisa amandla angaphezulu ukucinezela umoya kunye nokuwugcina kwimiqolomba engaphantsi komhlaba okanye kwiitanki ezinoxinzelelo. Xa kufuneka amandla, umoya ocinezelweyo uyakhululwa kwaye wandise ngee turbines ukuvelisa umbane. IiFlywheels zolunye uhlobo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla ematshini, ukugcina amandla ngendlela yamandla e-kinetic ngokujikeleza i-rotor ngesantya esiphezulu. Xa amandla efuneka, amandla e-kinetic aguqulwa abe ngumbane.

IiNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla obushushu

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla e-thermal zigcina amandla ngendlela yobushushu, zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubamba, ukugcina, kunye nokukhulula amandla okushisa njengoko kufuneka. Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla e-thermal kukugcinwa kobushushu obunengqiqo, obusebenzisa izinto ezifana namanzi, iityuwa ezityhidiweyo, okanye amatye ukugcina ubushushu kwiqondo lokushisa rhoqo. Xa kufuneka amandla, izinto ezifudunyezwayo zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umphunga nokuvelisa umbane.

Olunye uhlobo lwenkqubo yogcino lwamandla obushushu kukugcina ubushushu obufihlileyo, obusebenzisa isixhobo sokutshintsha isigaba esifana neparafini wax okanye iihydrates zetyuwa ukugcina nokukhulula ubushushu njengoko izinto zitshintsha isigaba. Ugcino lobushushu obufihlileyo lubonelela ngamandla amakhulu kwaye lusetyenziswa rhoqo kwizityalo zamandla elanga ezishushu ukugcina ubushushu obugqithileyo ukuze busetyenziswe ngexesha leemeko zamafu okanye zasebusuku. Olunye uhlobo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla e-thermal kukugcinwa kwe-thermochemical, esebenzisa ukuphendula kweekhemikhali ukugcina kunye nokukhulula ubushushu njengoko kufuneka.

IiNkqubo zokuGcina amandla eHydrojeni

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla e-Hydrogen zigcina amandla ngendlela yegesi ye-hydrogen, inika indlela yokugcina amandla angaphezulu avela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo kwaye isebenzise ukuvelisa umbane okanye iiseli zamandla zamandla njengoko kufuneka. Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla e-hydrogen ziiseli ze-hydrogen fuel, ezisebenzisa igesi ye-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen ukuvelisa umbane nge-electrochemical reaction. Iiseli ze-fuel zibonelela ngoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla izithuthi kunye nokubonelela ngamandla okuxhasa izakhiwo.

Olunye uhlobo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla e-hydrogen kukuveliswa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen, esebenzisa amandla angaphezulu ukuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-electrolysis okanye i-steam methane reforming. Irhasi yehydrogen igcinwa kwiitanki okanye kwimiqolomba engaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye inokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane okanye iiseli zamafutha zamandla xa kuyimfuneko. Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla e-Hydrogen zinika amandla okugcina amandla exesha elide kwaye zinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlanganiseni imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwigridi.

IiNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla eMichiza

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ekhemikhali zigcina amandla ngendlela yeebhondi zekhemikhali, zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina kunye nokukhulula amandla njengoko kufuneka. Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla ekhemikhali kukuveliswa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen, esebenzisa amandla angaphezulu ukuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-electrolysis okanye i-steam methane reforming. Irhasi yehydrogen inokugcinwa ize isetyenziselwe ukuvelisa umbane okanye iiseli zamafutha xa kuyimfuneko.

Olunye uhlobo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla ekhemikhali ngamandla ukuya kwirhasi, esebenzisa amandla angaphezulu ukuvelisa igesi yendalo yokwenziwa okanye i-methane ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-methanation okanye i-Sabatier reaction. Irhasi yendalo yokwenziwa inokugcinwa kwisiseko segesi yendalo esele ikho kwaye isetyenziselwe ukuvelisa umbane okanye ukubonelela ngokufudumeza xa kuyimfuneko. Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ekhemikhali zinika amandla okugcina amandla ixesha elide kwaye zinokudlala indima ephambili ekulinganiseni ukubonelela kunye nemfuno kwinkqubo yamandla.

Ukuqukumbela, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo. Ngokunikezela ngendlela yokugcina kunye nokukhulula amandla njengoko kufuneka, ezi nkqubo zinceda ukubumba ikamva lokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokuvula indlela yenkqubo yamandla ezinzileyo. Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nophando oluqhubekayo kwizisombululo zokugcina amandla amatsha, ikamva libukeka lithembisa kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla.