Ukusombulula iingxaki zeziganeko ezingaqhelekanga kwiitransformer

1) Isandi se-transformer sikhulu kunesiqhelo, kwaye isandi siyafana. Kusenokuba kukho ezi zizathu zilandelayo:

(1) Umbane ogqithisileyo uyenzeka kwigridi yamandla. Xa kusenzeka isiseko sesigaba esinye kwigridi yamandla okanye kwenzeka umbane ogqithisileyo, isandi setransformer siya kwanda.

(2) Xa i-transformer igcwele kakhulu, i-transformer iya kwenza isandi esinzima "sokukhwaza". Ukuba umthwalo we-transformer ufunyenwe udlula ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokugcwala, umthwalo we-transformer kufuneka uncitshiswe ngokwemigaqo ekwindawo. Isisombululo: hlalutya izizathu, wenze iirekhodi, uqinise ukujonga, kwaye ubuyisele i-transformer ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ibangelwa kukugcwala kakhulu, kufuneka yenziwe ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wonyango lokugcwala kakhulu.

2) I-transformer inomsindo

Kunokubakho ukungcangcazela okubangelwa ziindawo ezikhululekileyo kwi-transformer. Ukuba isandi se-transformer sinyuswe kakhulu, kwaye umbane kunye ne-voltage aziqhelekanga, kunokubangelwa kukukhululeka kwe-clamp yangaphakathi okanye isikrufu esicinezela i-iron core, nto leyo enyusa ukungcangcazela kweshiti yesinyithi ye-silicon. Indlela yonyango: Ukuba ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kwe-transformer, ayinakujongwa okwethutyana, yenze iirekhodi, yomeleze ukujonga, inike ingxelo kwaye ithunyelwe, kwaye ifake isicelo sokuhlolwa kunye nokucutshungulwa kokucima kombane ngabaphathi abafanelekileyo.

3) I-Transformer inesandi sokukhupha

I-transformer inesandi "esiqhaqhazelayo". Ukuba ubona i-corona eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye iintlantsi kufutshane ne-transformer bushing ebusuku okanye xa kunetha imvula, oko kuthetha ukuba iindawo ze-porcelain zingcolile kakhulu okanye amakhadi eentambo zezixhobo adibananga kakuhle. Ukuba i-transformer ikhutshwa ngaphakathi, kukukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic kwezinto ezingagungqiyo okanye ukukhutshwa kwe-inter-turn kwe-coil, okanye ukukhutshwa ngenxa yokunxibelelana okubi kwe-tap changer. Isisombululo: Ngeli xesha, umthumeli kunye neenkokheli ezifanelekileyo kufuneka baxelelwe ukuba bafake isicelo sokuhlolwa kokusilela kombane kwe-transformer.

4) I-Transformer inesandi esiphumayo

Ibonisa ukuba ubushushu bangaphakathi okanye bomphezulu we-transformer buphukile, kwaye i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuze ihlolwe.

5) I-Transformer inesandi samanzi abilayo

Ukuba i-transformer inomsindo wokubila kwamanzi, kwaye ubushushu butshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye inqanaba leoyile liyenyuka, kufuneka kugwetywe ukuba ukujija kwe-transformer kunqunyulwe nge-short-circuit okanye i-tap changer ayihambelani kakuhle ngenxa yobushushu obukhulu, kwaye i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuze ihlolwe.

2. Ubushushu beoyile obuphezulu buphezulu

Ngokwesiqhelo, ubushushu beoyile yomaleko ophezulu we-transformer kufuneka bufunyanwe ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye ubushushu be-windings kufuneka bulawulwe ngokulawula ubushushu beoyile yomaleko ophezulu ukuthintela ukuba inqanaba lobushushu lingawi kwaye liguge. Phantsi komthwalo oqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zokuphola eziqhelekileyo, ubushushu beoyile ye-transformer bungaphezulu kwe-10°C kunesiqhelo okanye umthwalo we-transformer awutshintshi, kwaye ubushushu beoyile buyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Impazamo (njengomlilo wentsimbi kunye nokujikeleza okufutshane phakathi kokujika kwe-winding, njl.njl.). Ngeli xesha, i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko ukuthintela ingozi ye-transformer ukuba ikhule.

3. Umbala weoyile awuqhelekanga

Ngokwesiqhelo, ioyile yetransformer kufuneka ibe tyheli eqaqambileyo kwaye ibonakale. Xa kufunyaniswe ukuba umbala weoyile kwigeyiji yenqanaba leoyile uyatshintsha ngexesha lokusebenza, kufuneka uqhagamshelane ukuze uthathe iisampulu zeoyile ukuze zihlalutywe elebhu. Ukuba umbala weoyile yetransformer uyawohloka ngequbuliso ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye kukho ikhabhoni kwioyile nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga, umbane kufuneka unqunyulwe ngoko nangoko ukuze uhlolwe kwaye unyangwe.

4. Inqanaba leoyile aliqhelekanga

Umqamelo weoyile wetransformer uxhotyiswe ngegeyiji yenqanaba leoyile, ebonisa ngokubanzi imigca emithathu yenqanaba leoyile xa ubushushu buyi-30°C, +20°C, kunye ne-+40°C. Ngokwale migca mithathu yokumakisha, kunokugwetywa ukuba kuyimfuneko na ukugcwalisa ipetroli okanye ukukhupha amanzi. Inqanaba eliphezulu leoyile: Xa inqanaba leoyile yetransformer esebenzayo liphezulu kakhulu okanye ioyile iphuma kumqamelo weoyile, kufuneka uqale ujonge ukuba umthwalo kunye nobushushu betransformer ziqhelekile na. Inqanaba leoyile elingeyonyani elibangelwa kukuxinana kombhobho oqhelekileyo. Ngeli xesha, ngemvume yomntu othumelayo emsebenzini, ukhuseleko lwegesi (igesi enzima) kufuneka lutshintshwe lube yisignali, kwaye emva koko umphefumli kufuneka ususwe ukuze kucutshungulwe. Ukuba umqamelo weoyile uphuma amanzi ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, kufuneka ukhutshwe amanzi. Inqanaba leoyile eliphantsi: Ukuba inqanaba leoyile yetransformer liphantsi kakhulu, ukhuseleko lwegesi (igesi ekhanyayo) luya kusebenza; xa kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kweoyile, umongo wesinyithi kunye neengcingo ziya kuvezwa emoyeni, okulula ukuba manzi kwaye kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kobushushu. Ke ngoko, indlela yokufaka i-vacuum oil kufuneka isetyenziswe ukugcwalisa i-transformers ezisebenza. Ukuba inqanaba leoyile lehla ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuvuza okukhulu kweoyile, ngaphantsi kwe-gas relay okanye iqhubeka nokuhla, i-transformer kufuneka imiswe ngoko nangoko.

5. Xa i-transformer esebenza ngokugqithisileyo igqithisile, isalathisi se-ammeter sidlula ixabiso elizinzileyo, isignali, intsimbi yesilumkiso, njl.njl. sinokuvela.

Abaqhubi kufuneka baphathe le nkqubo ngokwemigaqo elandelayo:

①Jonga ukuba umbane kwicala ngalinye uyadlula na ixabiso elichaziweyo, uze uxele kwigosa elisebenzayo.

②Jonga ukuba inqanaba leoyile kunye nobushushu beoyile yetransformer ziqhelekile na, uze usebenzise zonke ii-cooler ngaxeshanye.

③ Lungisa imo yokusebenza ngexesha. Ukuba kukho i-transformer eseleyo, kufuneka iqalise ukusebenza.

④Nxibelelana nocwangciso kwaye ulungise ukusasazwa komthwalo ngexesha.

⑤ Kwimeko yokugqithiswa okuqhelekileyo, ixesha lokusebenza elivumelekileyo linokugqitywa ngokwenani lokugqithiswa okuphindaphindweyo, kwaye ukubekwa kweliso kwinqanaba leoyile kunye nobushushu beoyile kuya komelezwa, kwaye ixabiso elivumelekileyo aliyi kudlulwa. Ukuba ixesha lidluliwe, umthwalo kufuneka uncitshiswe ngoko nangoko.

⑥ Kwimeko yokugqithisa ngengozi, ukuphindaphinda okuvumelekileyo kunye nexesha lokugqithisa kufuneka kusetyenziswe ngokwemigaqo yomenzi. Ukuba ukugqithisa okuninzi kunye nexesha kudlula ixabiso elivumelekileyo, ukuthobela kwe-transformer kufuneka kuncitshiswe ngokwemigaqo.

⑦ Yenza uhlolo olupheleleyo lwe-transformer kunye neenkqubo zayo ezinxulumene nayo. Ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga efunyenweyo, kufuneka ixelwe kwaye ijongwane nayo.

6. Ukusilela kwenkqubo yokupholisa

Xa inkqubo yokupholisa ye-transformer (ebhekisa kwimpompo yeoyile engaphantsi komhlaba, inkqubo yamanzi okupholisa) inempazamo, kwaye i-transformer ithumela iswitshi yokulinda ye-chiller kunye nesignali yokuma ngokupheleleyo ye-cooler, kufuneka kuthathwe la manyathelo alandelayo: 1. Jonga ngoko nangoko ukuba i-standby cooler iqalisiwe na ukusebenza. 2. Jonga ngoko nangoko unobangela wokucima kombane kwaye ubuyisele ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo sokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. 3. Qinisa ukujonga ubushushu beoyile kunye nenqanaba leoyile yomaleko ophezulu we-transformer, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuma ngokupheleleyo kwesixhobo sokupholisa. 4. Ukuba inkqubo yokupholisa ayinakubuyiselwa okwethutyana, kufuneka kwenziwe isicelo sokunciphisa umthwalo okanye isicelo sokuba i-transformer irhoxiswe ekusebenzeni ukuthintela i-transformer ukuba isebenze ixesha elingaphezulu kwexesha elichaziweyo lokungapholi, okubangela ubushushu obukhulu kunye nomonakalo.

7. Isenzo sokukhusela igesi

Izizathu zokuthintela igesi zingaba zezi:

1. Kukho impazamo encinci kwi-transformer, evelisa igesi ebuthathaka; 2. Umoya ungena kwi-transformer; 3. Inqanaba leoyile liyehla; Emva kokuba isignali yokukhusela igesi ivele, umqhubi kufuneka enze uhlolo lwangaphandle lwe-transformer ngoko nangoko. Okokuqala, jonga inqanaba leoyile kunye nombala weoyile kumqamelo weoyile, ukuba kukho igesi, umthamo wegesi kunye nombala kwi-relay yegesi, uze ujonge ukuba kukho ukuvuza kweoyile emzimbeni we-transformer kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kweoyile enyanzelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, jonga utshintsho kumthwalo we-transformer, ubushushu kunye nesandi, njl. Emva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga ifunyenweyo, igesi yegesi ye-transformer kufuneka ifunxwe ukuze kufunyanwe uhlobo lwegesi, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, isampuli yeoyile kufuneka ithathwe ukuze ivavanywe ukuze kuchongwe uhlobo lwempazamo kunye.

8. Iindawo kunye nezizathu ezibangela ubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza

1. Ukudibana okungekho semgangathweni kwesixhobo sokutshintsha itephu kunye nokudibana okungekho semgangathweni kuya kwandisa ukumelana nokudibana, kwandise ukusetyenziswa, kwaye kubangele ukuveliswa kobushushu obukhulu. Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi emva kokutshintsha kwetephu naxa i-transformer igcwele kakhulu.

2. I-Winding inter-turn short circuit Inter-turn short circuit ngumonakalo we-insulation phakathi kwe-turns ezikufutshane. Oku kuya kudala i-closed short-circuit loop kwaye kunciphise inani le-winding turns zelo nqanaba. Kukho i-short-circuit current ebangelwa yi-alternating magnetic flux kwi-short-circuit loop, eya kuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu kwaye inokubangela ukuba i-transformer itshise.

3. Kukho umjikelo omfutshane phakathi kwamaphepha esinyithi esinyithi esinyithi esinyithi. Ngenxa yomonakalo wangaphandle okanye ukuguga kwe-insulation, i-insulation yepeyinti phakathi kwamaphepha esinyithi esinyithi esinyithi esinyithi yonakele, nto leyo eya kunyusa umsinga we-eddy, ibangele ubushushu obuphezulu bendawo, kwaye inyibilike nakwiimeko ezinzima. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumlilo wesinyithi esinyithi.

4. Ukudibana kakubi kwezinye iindawo kubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwindawo ethile.

Ingcebiso yokuphatha: jonga ngokusondeleyo utshintsho lobushushu kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, uhlalutye izizathu zobushushu obugqithisileyo, ucwangcise ixesha lokudibana, kwaye ujongane nokucinywa kombane.

2. Ukuphathwa ngengozi kweetransformer

Imithetho ngokubanzi: Ngokwe-6.1.2 ye-DL/T572-95 "Imimiselo Yokusebenza Kwee-Power Transformers": I-transformer kufuneka icinywe ngoko nangoko ukuba kukho enye yezi meko zilandelayo. Ukuba kukho i-transformer esetyenziswayo, kufuneka iqaliswe ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza: a. Isandi se-transformer siyanda ngokucacileyo, nto leyo engaqhelekanga kakhulu, kwaye kukho isandi sokuqhekeka ngaphakathi; b. Ukuvuza okukhulu kweoyile okanye ukufakwa kweoyile, ukuze inqanaba leoyile lehle ngaphantsi komda ochaziweyo we-gauge yenqanaba leoyile; c. I-bushing inomonakalo omkhulu kunye nokuphuma kwayo; d. I-transformer ibamba umlilo ngomsi.

1. I-transformer iyakhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo

Emva kokukhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-transformer, kufuneka kwenziwe olu hlolo kunye nonyango lulandelayo: ① Emva kokukhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-transformer, umqhubi kufuneka enze unyango olucwangcisiweyo, oko kukuthi, asebenzise i-backup transformer, alungise imo yokusebenza kunye nokusasazwa komthwalo, kwaye agcine inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zayo zikwimeko eqhelekileyo. ②Jonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesenzo sokukhusela kunye nokuba isenzo sichanekile na. ③ Qonda ukuba inkqubo inesiphako kunye nohlobo lwesiphako. ④Le meko ilandelayo inokuvavanywa kube kanye ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle: abasebenzi bachukumisa ngempazamo, basebenze kwaye bakhusele ukungasebenzi kakuhle; kuphela ukhuseleko oluphezulu lwe-voltage ephantsi okanye olukhawulezileyo olusebenzayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, izixhobo zenqanaba elilandelayo ze-transformer ekhubekayo ziyasilela kwaye ukhuseleko lwayo alusebenzi. kwaye indawo yokusilela iyahlulwa. ⑤ Ukuba lukhuselo oluhlukileyo, ukhuseleko lwegesi okanye ukhuseleko oluphezulu olukhawulezayo kunye nezinye izenzo zokukhusela, kwaye kukho impembelelo xa kukho impazamo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwe-transformer kunye nenkqubo yayo, ukucima kombane kunye nokulinganisa i-insulation. Akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa i-transformer de kube imbangela ingekachongwa okanye ingajongwanga.

2. Isenzo sokukhusela igesi (ukukhubeka)

Xa isenzo sokukhusela igesi se-transformer sidlula, kufuneka kwenziwe olu hlolo kunye nonyango lulandelayo: a) Qokelela igesi ye-relay yegesi ukuze kuhlalutywe i-chromatographic. Ukuba akukho gesi, jonga ukuba izithuba zocingo kunye neentambo zesekethe yesibini kunye ne-relay yegesi zitshintshile na. b) Jonga ukuba inqanaba leoyile, ubushushu beoyile, kunye nombala weoyile zitshintshile na; c) Jonga ukuba umbhobho ongenakuqhushumba uphukile na uze ufake ioyile; d) Jonga ukuba igobolondo le-transformer likhubazekile na, kwaye ukuba umthungo we-welding uvulekile na ukuze kufakwe ioyile. e) Ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga ifunyenweyo emva kokuhlolwa, kwaye kuqinisekiswa ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kubangelwa yimpazamo yesekethe yesibini, ukhuseleko lwegesi lunokuqhagamshelwa kwisignali okanye lurhoxiswe phantsi kwemeko yokuba ukhuselo lomahluko kunye nokhuselo olugqithisileyo luvuliwe, vavanya umbane kube kanye, kwaye womeleze imonitha. f) Ukuba kukho igesi kwi-relay yegesi okanye kukho iingxaki ngezinto ezingentla a, b, c, kunye no-d, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lokusilela kombane kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe unyango olufanelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka kugqitywe uvavanyo kunye novavanyo ngaphambi kokuba luqaliswe ukusebenza.

3. Isenzo sokukhusela i-transformer overcurrent

Xa ukhuseleko olugqithisileyo lwe-transformer ludlula, kufuneka kwenziwe olu vavanyo kunye nonyango lulandelayo: a) Jonga i-busbar kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-busbar ukuze ubone ii-short circuits kunye nezinye izinto; b) Jonga ukuba ii-transformers zi-short-circuits; c) Jonga ukuba ukhuseleko lwecala le-low-voltage luyasebenza na, nokuba ukhuseleko lomgca ngamnye luyasebenza okanye akunjalo. d) Xa kuqinisekisiwe ukuba i-busbar ayinawo amandla, umgca ophathwa yi-busbar kufuneka uvulwe. e) Kwimeko yokusilela kwebhasi, cinga ngokutshintsha ibhasi okanye ukudlulisa umthwalo. f) Xa kuqinisekisiwe ukuba luhambo oluya phezulu emva kokuhlolwa, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nomthumeli-nkonzo osebenzayo kwaye uzame ukuthumela umbane kube kanye. g) Xa umbane wovavanyo ulungile, jonga umgca onempazamo nganye nganye. h) Ukuba ubangelwe yi-circuit, umbane ungathunyelwa kuphela emva kokususa i-fault factor.

4. Isenzo sokukhusela umahluko weTransformer

Emva kokhuselo oluhlukeneyo lwe-transformer trips, kufuneka kwenziwe olu vavanyo kunye nonyango lulandelayo: a) Jonga ukuba i-transformer ayiqhelekanga na, jonga ukuba ii-insulator ezikwinqanaba lokhuselo oluhlukeneyo zitshintshile na, zonakele, kwaye ukuba iileyiti zifutshane na. b) Ukuba akukho siphako sicacileyo kwizixhobo ezikwinqanaba lokhuseleko oluhlukeneyo, jonga ukuba ukhuseleko lwe-relay kunye nesekethe yesibini ziphosakele na, kwaye ingaba isekethe ye-DC isekelwe kwiindawo ezimbini. c) Akukho siphako kuhlolo olungentla, kwaye emva kokunika ingxelo kwinjineli eyintloko ukuze ivunywe, uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwenyathelo kufuneka lwenziwe xa umthwalo uqhawukile, kwaye luqaliswe ukusebenza emva kokulungiswa. d) Ukuba kukungasebenzi kakuhle okubangelwe yisekethe yombane, isekethe yesibini, njl.njl., ngemvume yenjineli eyintloko, ukhuseleko oluhlukileyo lunokurhoxiswa kwaye i-transformer inokuqaliswa ukusebenza. e) Xa ukhuseleko oluhlukileyo kunye nokhuseleko lwegesi zisebenza ngaxeshanye ukukhubeka i-transformer, i-transformer ayizukuqaliswa ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kunye novavanyo.

5. I-transformer ibamba umlilo

Imigaqo yonyango lomlilo wetransformer: ukusilela kombane - ukukhupha ioyile - ukucima umlilo. ① Ukusilela kombane: Itransformer iyatsha. Ukuba ukhuseleko alukhubeki ngokuzenzekelayo, ii-circuit breakers kunye neeswitshi zokwahlula eziqhagamshelwe kuyo kufuneka ziqhawulwe kuqala, kwaye i-cooler kufuneka irhoxiswe ukuze kunqunyulwe umbane wayo. Ukuba ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezikufutshane kusengozini, kufuneka kuqhagamshelwe nayo ngexesha ukuze kumiswe ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezikufutshane. ② Ukukhupha ioyile: Ukuba ioyile iyagcwala phezulu kwetransformer kwaye itsha, vula ivalvu yokukhupha ioyile kwinxalenye esezantsi yetransformer kwaye ukhuphe ioyile kwidama leoyile yengozi, ukuze inqanaba leoyile yetransformer libe ngaphantsi komphezulu womlilo; ukuba isiphene sangaphakathi setransformer sibangela umlilo, asinakukhutshelwa ioyile ukuthintela ukuqhuma; ukuba isingxobo setransformer siyaqhekeka kwaye ioyile iyagcwala, vala ivalvu yombane yedama leoyile yetransformer, vula ivalvu yombane yedama leoyile, kwaye ukhuphe ioyile kwidama leoyile yengozi yetransformer ephambili. ③ Qalisa ipompo yamanzi omlilo, vula ivalvu yamanzi omlilo kwaye utshize itransformer ukuze ucime umlilo. ④ Xela kumphathi kwaye usebenzise isicwangciso sengxamiseko. ⑤ Yazisa isebe lomlilo ukuze likuncede.