Izixhobo eziBalulekileyo kwiiTransformers

Iziguquli zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zamandla ombane, ezivumela ukuhanjiswa nokusasazwa kombane ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka kwizikhululo zombane ukuya kumakhaya, amashishini kunye nemizi-mveliso. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-transformers zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangentembeko, kubalulekile ukuba kubekho izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo endaweni. Ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokupholisa ukuya kwizixhobo zokukhusela, kukho iziqwenga eziphambili zezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze iziguquli zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga izixhobo eziyimfuneko ezifunekayo kubaguquli, kubandakanywa nemisebenzi yabo kunye nokubaluleka kwabo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwemisebenzi ye-transformer.

1. Iinkqubo zokupholisa

Iinkqubo zokupholisa zibalulekile kubaguquli njengoko banceda ukugcina ubushushu bokusebenza kweyunithi, ukuthintela ukufudumala nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokupholisa ezisetyenziselwa i-transformers, kubandakanywa i-oyile-immersed kunye ne-dry-type transformers. Iziguquli ezintywiliselwe ngeoyile zisebenzisa i-oyile njengendawo yokupholisa, kunye ne-oyile ejikelezayo kwiyunithi ukutshabalalisa ubushushu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziguquli zodidi ezomileyo zixhomekeke emoyeni njengendawo yokupholisa, usebenzisa ukujikeleza komoya wendalo okanye ukunyanzeliswa ukupholisa i-windings ye-transformer kunye nengundoqo.

Kwiziguquli ezintywiliselwe ngeoyile, inkqubo yokupholisa ibandakanya iiradiyetha, iimpompo zeoyile, iifeni zokupholisa, kunye nezipholileyo zeoyile. I-Radiators iququzelela ukutshintshwa kobushushu ukusuka kwioli ukuya kumoya ojikelezayo, ngelixa iimpompo zeoli ziqinisekisa ukujikeleza okufanelekileyo kweoli ngaphakathi kwe-transformer. Iifeni zokupholisa zinceda ukuphucula ukuhamba komoya malunga neeradiyetha, ngelixa ii-oyile ezipholileyo zinciphisa ubushushu be-oyile, zigcina ukusebenza kwayo njengendawo yokupholisa. Kwiziguquli zohlobo olomileyo, inkqubo yokupholisa ingabandakanya imibhobho yomoya, iifeni, kunye neesinki zokushisa ukuze kube lula ukuchithwa kobushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lokusebenza.

Ukusebenza ngendlela eyiyo kwesixokelelwano sokupholisa kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe ukugcwala kobushushu obugqithisileyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwe-insulation, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusilela okuyintlekele. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokubeka iliso kwinkqubo yokupholisa kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwe-transformer.

2. IiRelays eziKhuselekileyo kunye nezixhobo

Iireyiyidi ezikhuselayo kunye nezixhobo zibalulekile ekukhuseleni iziguquli kwiimpazamo ezahlukeneyo zombane kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezingaqhelekanga. Ezi zixhobo ziyilelwe ukukhangela kunye nokusabela kwimiba enokubakho efana ne-overcurrent, overvoltage, under-voltage, kunye nokusilela kwe-insulation, phakathi kwezinye. Xa iphoso okanye imeko engaqhelekanga ifunyenwe, i-relays yokukhusela yenza ukuba ihlukanise i-transformer kwinkqubo, ukukhusela umonakalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-transformer, kubandakanywa ukuhanjiswa okungafaniyo, ukugqithiswa kwe-overcurrent, ukuhanjiswa komgama, kunye ne-Buchholz relays, phakathi kwabanye. I-relays ehlukeneyo ithelekisa i-currents engena kwaye ishiya i-windings ye-transformer ukuze ibone iimpazamo zangaphakathi, ngelixa i-overcurrent relays iphendula ngokugqithiswa kwangoku okungabonakalisa impazamo okanye ukugqithisa. Ukuhanjiswa komgama kusebenzisa imilinganiselo ye-impedance ukukhangela iimpazamo kumgama ukusuka kwi-transformer, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lokugcinwa kwenkqubo.

Ukongeza kwii-relays ezikhuselayo, ezinye izixhobo zokukhusela ezinje ngezaphuli-mthetho zesekethe, ii-fuse, kunye nezibambi zotyando zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iziguquli. I-Circuit breakers isetyenziselwa ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza i-transformer kwinkqubo xa kukho impazamo, ngelixa i-fuses inika ukhuseleko olugqithisiweyo kwi-winding ye-transformer. I-Surge arresters ikhusela i-transformer ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwamandla ombane okubangelwa ngumbane okanye ukutshintshwa kwemisebenzi, ukuthintela umonakalo we-insulation kunye neempazamo zangaphakathi.

Ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kunye novavanyo lwee-relays ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezixhobo zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuthembekileyo kunye nokhuseleko olupheleleyo lwe-transformer. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye novavanyo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha kunceda ukuchonga nayiphi na imiba kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokukhusela zikulungele ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo xa zifuneka.

3. IiNkqubo zokuJonga nokuLawula

Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula zibalulekile ekunikezeni ulwazi lwexesha langempela malunga neemeko zokusebenza kweenguqu kunye nokuvumela ukubeka iliso kude kunye nokulawulwa kwempahla ye-transformer. Ezi nkqubo ziquka i-sensor, i-transducers, kunye ne-interfaces zonxibelelwano eziqokelela idatha kwiiparameters ezifana neqondo lokushisa, inqanaba le-oyile, kunye nobuninzi bombane, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuba babeke iliso kwimeko ye-transformer kunye nokusebenza.

Ukujongwa kobushushu ngumba obalulekileyo wempilo ye-transformer, njengoko amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo anokukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwe-insulation kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphila. Iinzwa kunye nezixhobo zokujonga ubushushu zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu be-transformer windings, i-oyile, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo, ukubonelela ngesilumkiso semiba enokubakho. Ukongezelela, iimonitha zezinga leoli zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba inani elaneleyo leoli yokupholisa likhona kwi-transformer, ukuphepha ukufudumala nokugcina ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-insulation.

Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yokubeka iliso, iinkqubo zokulawula zenza ukuba abaqhubi balungelelanise iiparitha zokusebenza, batshintshe phakathi kweendlela zokupholisa, kwaye baphendule kwii-alamu kunye neemeko ezingaqhelekanga kude. Izakhono zokubeka iliso ezikude zivumela ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka okupheleleyo kwee-transformers. Iinkqubo zolawulo oluphezulu zinokubandakanya iimpawu ezifana nolawulo lomthwalo oluzenzekelayo, ukuxilongwa kwempazamo, kunye ne-algorithms yogcino oluqikelelweyo ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza komguquli kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.

Ufakelo olululo, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nokudityaniswa kweenkqubo zokubeka iliso nokulawula kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo. Ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokuvavanywa kweenzwa kunye nokunxibelelana konxibelelwano kunceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yemisebenzi yokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula, ukuxhasa ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kunye nokuphendula okusebenzayo kwimiba yokusebenza.

4. I-Insulation kunye ne-Dielectric Testing Equipment

Izixhobo zokuvavanya i-insulation kunye ne-dielectric zibalulekile ekuhloleni imeko ye-transformer insulation kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwayo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukugquma kweTransformer kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuqhawuka kombane kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kweyunithi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, izinto zokugquma zinokwehla ngenxa yezinto ezinjengoxinzelelo lwe-thermal, ukufuma, kunye nokungcoliseka, okukhokelela ekungaphumelelini okunokwenzeka ukuba akubonwanga kwaye kuqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza.

Izixhobo zokuvavanya i-Dielectric zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amandla e-dielectric kunye nokunyaniseka kwe-insulation transformer, ukubonelela ngolwazi malunga nokukwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lombane. Izixhobo ezifana nabavavanyi be-insulation resistance testers, i-dielectric stand testers, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ukukhutshwa ngokuyinxenye zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iimpawu zokugquma kunye nokuchonga imiba enokubakho. Abavavanyi bokumelana ne-insulation balinganisa ukuxhathisa kwezixhobo zokugquma, ngelixa abavavanyi bokumelana ne-dielectric basebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-voltage ephezulu kwi-insulation ukuvavanya amandla ayo okumelana nokuqhekeka. Izixhobo zokulinganisa ukukhutshwa ngokuyinxenye zifumanisa kwaye zihlalutye umsebenzi wokukhupha inxalenye ngaphakathi kwe-insulation, enokuthi ibonise iziphene ze-insulation kunye neendawo ezinokuthi zingaphumeleli.

Ukugquma rhoqo kunye novavanyo lwe-dielectric kubalulekile ukuchonga nakuphi na ukuthotywa okanye ukuwohloka kwi-insulation ye-transformer, evumela ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kunye nokulungiswa. Uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yoshishino kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo zokuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo. Uvavanyo lwexesha lokunganyangeki kwe-insulation, amandla e-dielectric, kunye nomsebenzi wokukhupha inxalenye kunceda ukugcina ingqibelelo ye-transformer insulation kunye nokuxhasa ukuthembeka okupheleleyo kweyunithi.

5. Isixhobo sokuHlalutya i-Oli yeTransformer

Izixhobo zokuhlalutya ioli ye-transformer zibalulekile ekuvavanyeni imeko yeoli ye-transformer kunye nokuchonga imiba enokuthi ichaphazele ukusebenza kwe-transformer kunye nokuthembeka. Ioli yeTransformer isebenza njengendawo yokupholisa kunye ne-insulator yombane, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ingqibelelo ye-transformer. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-oyile ye-transformer inokunciphisa ngenxa yezinto ezifana ne-oxidation, ukungcoliswa komswakama, kunye nobukho be-particulate matter, echaphazela amandla ayo okwenza imisebenzi ejoliswe kuyo.

Izixhobo zokuhlalutya ioyile zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iipropathi ezahlukeneyo zeoyile ye-transformer, kubandakanya nokwakheka kweekhemikhali, amandla e-dielectric, kunye nomxholo wokufuma. Uvavanyo olunjengohlalutyo lwegesi echithwe, uvavanyo lwe-acidity, kunye nohlalutyo lomswakama lunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nemeko yeoli kunye ne-transformer. Uhlalutyo lwegesi olunyibilikileyo lunceda ekuboneni iimpazamo zokuqala kunye ne-arcing yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-transformer, ngelixa uvavanyo lwe-acidity luvavanya ubukho beemveliso ze-acidic ezibangelwa ukuthotywa kweoli. Uhlalutyo lokufuma lubalulekile ekuchongeni umthamo wamanzi amaninzi kwi-oyile, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-insulation kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza.

Uhlalutyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-oyile kunye nokubeka iliso kubalulekile ekubonweni kwangaphambili kwemiba enokuthi ichaphazele i-oyile ye-transformer, evumela ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kunye nezenzo zokulungisa. Isampuli kunye novavanyo lweoli ye-transformer kufuneka yenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yoshishino kunye nezenzo ezicetyiswayo zokuqinisekisa iziphumo ezithembekileyo nezichanekileyo. Uhlalutyo lweoli ye-periodic luxhasa ingqibelelo eqhubekayo kunye nokusebenza kweoli ye-transformer, igalelo ekuthembekeni okupheleleyo kunye nobomi obude be-transformer.

Ukuqukumbela, izixhobo eziyimfuneko zeenguqu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezi nxalenye zenkqubo yamandla abalulekileyo. Iinkqubo zokupholisa, ii-relays ezikhuselayo kunye nezixhobo, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula, ukugquma kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya i-dielectric, kunye nezixhobo zokuhlalutya i-oyile ye-transformer zonke ziyimfuneko ekugcineni intembeko kunye nokusebenza kwabaguquli. Ufakelo olufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuvavanya kwesi sixhobo kubalulekile ukuxhasa ukuthembeka okupheleleyo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwee-transformers, ezinegalelo ekuzinzeni nasekusebenzeni kakuhle kweenkqubo zamandla ombane. Ngokuqonda imisebenzi kunye nokubaluleka kwezixhobo eziyimfuneko ze-transformer, abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi bokulondoloza banokulawula ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bakhusele i-asethi ye-transformer, ukuqinisekisa igalelo labo eliqhubekayo ekuhanjisweni okuthembekileyo kwamandla ombane. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili, uphuhliso lwezixhobo eziphuculweyo neziyila iinguqu ziya kuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuthembeka kumandla aguqukayo.