Ukuphonononga aMalunga ahlukeneyo eTshintsho

I-transformer licandelo elibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zombane, ezivumela ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubume obuntsokothileyo beziguquli zihlala zenza kube nzima ebantwini ukuba baqonde indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Kule nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo e-transformer, ukuphula indima yabo kunye nokubaluleka ekusebenzeni jikelele kwesixhobo.

Ukuqonda uMongo

Undoqo yinxalenye esisiseko ye-transformer, ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngezinto eziphakamileyo eziphezulu ezifana nentsimbi okanye intsimbi. Isebenza njengesiseko apho yonke i-transformer yakhiwe khona, inika indlela ye-magnetic flux eveliswa yi-primary winding. Amandla ondoqo wokwalathisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye agxininise i-flux yamagnetic ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer iyonke.

Undoqo uqhele ukwakhiwa kolunye lwezilungiso ezimbini: uhlobo olungundoqo okanye uhlobo lweqokobhe. Kwi-core-type transformer, i-windings ijikeleze i-core, ngelixa i-shell-type transformer, i-core ijikeleze i-windings. Zombini ulungelelwaniso lunezinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo, kwaye ukhetho phakathi kwezi zibini luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana ne-voltage, yangoku, kunye neemfuno zenkqubo iyonke.

Izinto ezingundoqo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer. Izinto eziphakamileyo eziphezulu ezifana nentsimbi kunye nentsimbi zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokukwazi ukuqhuba ngokufanelekileyo i-magnetic flux. Ukongeza, uyilo olungundoqo kunye nolwakhiwo luphuculwe ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla njenge-hysteresis kunye nemisinga ye-eddy, ekugqibeleni inegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-transformer.

Ukuphonononga i-Windings

I-windings, okanye iikhoyili, enye into ebalulekileyo ye-transformer, ejongene nokudlulisa amandla ombane ukusuka kwesinye isiphaluka ukuya kwesinye. Kukho iiseti ezimbini ezihlukeneyo zamajiko kwi-transformer: ukujija okuphambili kunye nokujika okwesibini. Umoya ophambili uqhagamshelwe kumthombo wombane wegalelo, ngelixa i-winding yesibini iqhagamshelwe kumthwalo wokuphuma.

Ubungakanani benani lokujika kwi-primary winding ukuya kwinani lokujika kwi-second winding limisela umlinganiselo wokuguqulwa kwe-transformer. Lo mlinganiselo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuguqulwa kombane phakathi kweesekethe zegalelo kunye nemveliso. Ngokwahluka inani lokujika kwi-winding nganye, ii-transformers zinokunyuka okanye zehlise i-voltage yegalelo ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo.

Ii-windings zenziwa ngobhedu okanye i-aluminiyam ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wombane. Ucingo olusetyenziswa kwii-windings luhlala lukhuselwe ukukhusela iisekethe ezimfutshane kunye nezinye iimpazamo zombane. Ukongeza, ii-windings ziyilelwe kwaye zicwangciswe ukunciphisa ukuvuza kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okufanelekileyo phakathi kweesekethe eziphambili kunye nezisesekondari.

Ukuphonononga i-Insulation

I-Insulation yinto ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwe-transformer, njengoko isebenza ukukhusela isixhobo kwiimpazamo zombane kunye nokuphuka. I-windings yeprayimari kunye neyesibini i-insulated ukusuka komnye nomnye ukuthintela iisekethe ezimfutshane, kwaye i-core insulated ukusuka kwii-windings ukukhusela i-arcing yombane kunye neminye imiba.

Izinto zokufakelwa kwe-insulation ezinamandla aphezulu e-dielectric, njengephepha, i-Mylar, kunye neoli, zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-transformers ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwesixhobo. Izinto zokugquma zikhethwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye zisetyenziswe ukumelana nombane ophezulu kunye nemisinga ekhoyo kwi-transformer ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukhuseleko okanye ukusebenza.

Uyilo olufanelekileyo lokugquma lubalulekile kubomi obude kunye nokuthembeka kwe-transformer. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lombane lunokubangela ukuthotywa kwe-insulation, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuncitshisiweyo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko. Ukuvavanya rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo yokugquma kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwe-transformer ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo.

Ukuqonda iTap Tshintshela

Umtshintshi wempompo yinto ekhethekileyo efunyenwe kwezinye iiguquli, ezivumela ukulungiswa komlinganiselo wokujika kwe-transformer kwaye emva koko, i-voltage yayo yokuphuma. Oku bhetyebhetye kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko apho i-voltage yegalelo inokutshintsha, okanye xa iimfuno zomthwalo wemveliso zihluka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zokutshintsha impompo: abaguquli betephu ekulayishweni (OLTC) kunye nabatshintshi betephu ephuma kwisekethe (OCTC). Ii-OLTCs zenza uhlengahlengiso lomyinge wokujika ngelixa i-transformer inamandla, ivumela ukulawulwa kwamandla ombane angenamthungo ngexesha lokusebenza. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-OCTC zifuna ukuba i-transformer ikhutshwe amandla ngexesha lenkqubo yokucofa, iyenze ukuba ingalungeli kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna ukulawulwa kombane oqhubekayo.

Umtshintshi wetephu ngokuqhelekileyo ulawulwa nokuba yincwadana, ngoomatshini, okanye ngomatshini wombane, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo. Abatshintshi betephu banamhlanje banokubandakanya iimpawu eziphambili ezifana nokubeka iliso okude kunye nolawulo, okwenza udibaniso olungenamthungo kwigridi ehlakaniphile kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo.

Ukuphonononga iNkqubo yokuPholisa

Inkqubo yokupholisa iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-transformer, ejongene nokutshabalalisa ukushisa okwenziwa ngexesha lokusebenza. Iinguqu ziphantsi koxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lwe-thermal, ngakumbi kumandla aphezulu kunye nezicelo eziqhubekayo-umsebenzi, ukwenza ukupholisa okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekuthembekeni kwexesha elide.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokupholisa ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiziguquli, nganye ineengenelo kunye nemida yayo. Ukupholisa umoya, umzekelo, yindlela elula neyindleko exhomekeke kwi-convection yendalo okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwe-air circulation ukususa ubushushu kwi-core transformer kunye ne-windings. Ngenye indlela, ukupholisa ioli kusebenzisa ioli ye-dielectric ene-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal ukudlulisa kunye nokuchitha ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, iziguquli zinokusebenzisa iindlela zokupholisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinje ngokupholisa amanzi okanye izitshintshi zobushushu ezihambele phambili ukugcina amaqondo obushushu asebenzayo. Uyilo olufanelekileyo lokupholisa lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ixesha elide le-transformer kunye nokuthintela ukuthotywa kwe-thermal yamacandelo ayo.

Isishwankathelo, ii-transformers zizixhobo ezintsonkothileyo eziqulethwe ngamacandelo abalulekileyo asebenza kwikonsathi yokuhambisa amandla ombane phakathi kweesekethe. Ukusuka kwi-core kunye ne-windings ukuya kwi-insulation, i-tap changer, kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa, icandelo ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kunye nokuthembeka kwe-transformer. Ukuqonda umsebenzi kunye nokubaluleka kwala macandelo kubalulekile kwiinjineli, amagcisa, kunye nabani na osebenza ngeenkqubo zombane. Ngokuphonononga ubucukubhede bamacandelo e-transformer, sifumana ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kuyilo, ukusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa kwezi zixhobo zibalulekileyo.