Ukuhlola Izingxenye Ezihlukene Ze-Transformer

I-transformer iyisici esibalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi, okuvumela ukudluliswa nokusabalalisa amandla ngendlela efanele. Kodwa-ke, imvelo eyinkimbinkimbi yama-transformer ngokuvamile ingenza kube inselele kubantu ngabanye ukuqonda ukuthi basebenza kanjani. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izingxenye ezahlukene ze-transformer, sihlukanise indima yazo kanye nokubaluleka ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwedivayisi.

Ukuqonda Ingqikithi

Umnyombo uyingxenye eyisisekelo ye-transformer, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukungena kalula njengensimbi noma insimbi. Isebenza njengesisekelo okwakhiwa kuso sonke isiguquli, sinikeza indlela yokuguquguquka kazibuthe okukhiqizwa ukuphenduka okuyinhloko. Ikhono lomnyombo lokuqondisa kahle nokugxilisa i-flux kazibuthe libalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwe-transformer.

Ingqikithi ngokuvamile yakhiwa kokukodwa kokubili: uhlobo oluyinhloko noma uhlobo lwegobolondo. Ku-core-type transformer, ama-windings azungeza umgogodla, kuyilapho ku-transformer yohlobo lwegobolondo, umgogodla uzungeza ama-windings. Kokubili ukulungiselelwa kunezinzuzo kanye nokubi, futhi ukukhetha phakathi kwakho kokubili kuncike ezintweni ezifana ne-voltage, yamanje, kanye nezidingo zesistimu iyonke.

Izinto eziwumgogodla nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer. Izinto ezikwazi ukungena kalula njengensimbi nensimbi zivame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuqhuba kahle i-flux kazibuthe. Ukwengeza, ukwakheka nokwakhiwa kwengqikithi kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla njengama-hysteresis nama-eddy currents, ekugcineni kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-transformer iyonke.

Ehlola amaWindings

Ama-winding, noma amakhoyili, angenye ingxenye ebalulekile ye-transformer, enesibopho sokudlulisa amandla kagesi ukusuka kwesinye isifunda ukuya kwesinye. Kunamasethi amabili ahlukene wama-winding ku-transformer: owokujika oyinhloko kanye nama-winding wesibili. Amawindi ayinhloko axhunywe kumthombo we-voltage wokufaka, kuyilapho ukuphenduka kwesibili kuxhunywe kumthwalo ophumayo.

Isilinganiso senani lokujika ekujikeni okuyinhloko kuya kwinani lokujika ekujikeni kwesibili sinquma isilinganiso soguquko se-transformer. Lesi silinganiso sithonya ngokuqondile ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage phakathi kwamasekhethi okokufaka nokuphumayo. Ngokushintsha inani lamajika ekujikeni ngakunye, ama-transformer angakhuphula noma ehlise i-voltage yokufaka aye ezingeni elifunekayo.

Ama-windings ngokuvamile enziwe ngethusi noma i-aluminium ngenxa ye-conductivity ephezulu kagesi. Intambo esetshenziswa kuma-windings imvamisa ivalekile ukuvikela amasekethe amafushane namanye amaphutha kagesi. Ukwengeza, ama-windings aklanyelwe futhi ahlelwa ukunciphisa ukugeleza kokuvuza kanye nokuphazamiseka kagesi, kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwamandla okusebenzayo phakathi kwamasekethe ayisisekelo nesesibili.

Ukuhlola i-Insulation

I-insulation iyisici esibalulekile sokuklama kwe-transformer, njengoba isebenza ukuvikela idivayisi kusuka kumaphutha kagesi nokuphuka. Ama-windings ayisisekelo kanye nesesibili ahlanganiswe komunye nomunye ukuze avimbele izifunda ezimfushane, futhi umnyombo uvalwe kusuka kuma-windings ukuvimbela i-arcing kagesi nezinye izinkinga.

Izinto zokufakelwa kwe-insulation ezinamandla aphezulu e-dielectric, njengephepha, i-Mylar, namafutha, zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-transformers ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kwedivayisi. I-insulation material ikhethwe ngokucophelela futhi isetshenziswe ukuze imelane nama-voltage aphezulu kanye nemisinga ekhona ku-transformer ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukuphepha noma ukusebenza.

Idizayini efanele yokufaka i-insulation ibalulekile ekuphileni isikhathi eside nokuthembeka kwe-transformer. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kukagesi kungabangela ukuwohloka kwe-insulation, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kanye nezingozi ezingase zibe khona zokuphepha. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokugcinwa kwesistimu yokushisa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwe-transformer ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile.

Ukuqonda I-Tap Changer

I-tap changer isici esiyingqayizivele esitholakala kwamanye ama-transformer, okuvumela ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso sokuphenduka kwe-transformer futhi kamuva, i-voltage yayo yokuphuma. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kubaluleke kakhulu ezimeni lapho i-voltage yokufaka ingase iguquguquke, noma lapho izidingo zomthwalo ophumayo zihluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokushintshwa kompompi: izishintshi zompompi ezivuliwe (OLTC) nezishintshi ze-off-circuit tap (OCTC). Ama-OLTC anika amandla ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso sokuphenduka ngenkathi i-transformer inamandla, okuvumela ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi angenamthungo phakathi nokusebenza. Ngokuphambene, ama-OCTC adinga ukuthi i-transformer isuswe amandla ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthepha, iwenze angalungeli kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi okuqhubekayo.

I-tap change ivamise kulawulwa i-manual, mechanical, noma i-electronic mechanism, kuya ngezimfuneko ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Izishintshi zesimanje zompompi zingase futhi zifake izici ezithuthukile njengokuqapha nokulawula okukude, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe kugridi ehlakaniphile nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo.

Ukuhlola Uhlelo Lokupholisa

Uhlelo lokupholisa luyingxenye ebalulekile ye-transformer, enesibopho sokuqeda ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ama-Transformer angaphansi kokucindezeleka okushisayo okubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu kanye nomsebenzi oqhubekayo, okwenza ukupholisa okuphumelelayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokupholisa ezisetshenziswa kuma-transformer, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwayo. Ukupholisa komoya, isibonelo, kuyindlela elula nengabizi kakhulu encike ekuguquleni kwemvelo noma ekujikelezeni komoya okuphoqelekile ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa kumongo we-transformer namawindinging. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukupholisa uwoyela kusebenzisa uwoyela we-dielectric one-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa ukuze udlulise futhi ukhiphe ukushisa ngokuphumelelayo.

Kwezinye izimo, ama-transformer angase asebenzise amasu okupholisa athuthukile njengokupholisa amanzi noma izishintshisi zokushisa ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza. Idizayini yokupholisa efanele ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphila isikhathi eside kwe-transformer nokuvimbela ukuwohloka kokushisa kwezingxenye zayo.

Kafushane, ama-transformer angamadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi ahlanganisa izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ekhonsathini ukudlulisa amandla kagesi phakathi kwamasekhethi. Kusukela kumongo nama-windings kuya ekufakweni, i-tap change, nesistimu yokupholisa, ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kukonke nasekuthembekeni kwe-transformer. Ukuqonda umsebenzi nokubaluleka kwalezi zingxenye kubalulekile konjiniyela, ochwepheshe, nanoma ubani osebenza ngamasistimu kagesi. Ngokuhlolisisa ubunkimbinkimbi bezingxenye ze-transformer, sithola ukuqonda okubalulekile ekuklanyweni, ukusebenza, nokugcinwa kwalezi zisetshenziswa ezibalulekile.