Izinto eziNtsha zoMbane: Yintoni entsha kuShishino?

Umbane yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bale mihla, unika amandla yonke into ukusuka kumakhaya ethu ukuya kumashishini ethu. Ngemfuno ehlala ikhula yezisombululo ezisebenza ngamandla kunye nezizinzileyo, ishishini lezinto zombane lihlala liguquka kwaye livelisa izinto ezintsha. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ezinye zenkqubela phambili yamva nje kwizinto zombane, ukusuka kwii-conductor ze-cutting-edge ukuya kwii-insulators eziphezulu. Sijoyine njengoko singena kwihlabathi lezinto ezintsha zombane kwaye sifumanise into entsha kushishino.

Ukunyuka kweGraphene kwizinto zoMbane

Igraphene ngumaleko omnye weeathom zekhabhoni ezilungelelaniswe kwilathisi ene-dimensional ene-hexagonal. Iyaziwa ngeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zombane kunye noomatshini, okwenza kube yinto ethembisayo yoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwishishini lombane. I-graphene ibonisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okuphezulu, ukodlula oko kobhedu, ngelixa ikwakhaphukhaphu kwaye ibhetyebhetye. Ezi zakhiwo ezizodwa ziye zakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo ezisekelwe kwigraphene zokusetyenziswa kwiibhetri, ii-supercapacitors, kunye nee-inks eziqhubayo. Abaphandi bayaqhubeka nokuphonononga amandla egraphene ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwezixhobo zombane kunye neenkqubo, bevula indlela yexesha elitsha le-electronics innovative electronics.

Izinto eziluncedo kwii-Superconductors kwizicelo zoMbane

Iisuperconductors zizinto ezibonisa ukunganyangeki kombane xa zipholile ngaphantsi kobushushu obubalulekileyo. Le nto ivumela ii-superconductors ukuba zithwale imisinga emikhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwamandla, okwenza ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwizicelo zombane. Iisuperconductors zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo, ezinje ngoomatshini be-MRI, ii-accelerators zamasuntswana, kunye neenkqubo zegridi zamandla. Inkqubela phambili yamva nje kwitekhnoloji ye-superconductor igxile ekuphuculeni ubushushu babo obubalulekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwabo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ngophando oluqhubekayo kunye nemigudu yophuhliso, ii-superconductors zilungele ukuguqula indlela esivelisa ngayo, ukuhambisa, nokusebenzisa umbane kwixesha elizayo.

Izixhobo zokugquma uKhuseleko loMbane olomeleziweyo

Izinto ezigqumayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zombane ngokuthintela ukuhamba kombane kunye nokukhusela ekutshisweni kombane. Ukuqhubela phambili kwizinto ezikhuselayo kuye kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweepolymer ezintsha ze-dielectric kunye neekeramics ezinokuphuculwa kweempawu zokushisa kunye nombane. Ezi zixhobo zibonisa amandla okuqhekeka okuphezulu, ilahleko ye-dielectric ephantsi, kunye nokuchasana okugqwesileyo kuxinzelelo lombane, nto leyo ezenza zilungele usetyenziso lwe-voltage ephezulu. I-insulators zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiintambo zamandla, ii-transformers, kunye ne-switchgear, apho ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwezixhobo zombane. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zamva nje zokugquma, iinjineli zinokuphucula ukhuseleko olupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zombane.

Ii-Nanomatadium ze-Electron yesiZukulwana esilandelayo

I-Nanomatadium zizakhiwo ezinemilinganiselo kwisikali se-nanometer, ezinikezela ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo ezahlukileyo kwiinkampani zabo ezininzi. Kwintsimi ye-electronics, i-nanomaterials ifumene ingqalelo kwikhono labo lokuvumela ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nezixhobo ezincinci. I-Carbon nanotubes, i-nanoparticles yensimbi, kunye namachaphaza e-quantum yimizekelo yama-nanomaterials abonise isithembiso ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwamacandelo e-elektroniki. Abaphandi bahlola iindlela zokubandakanya i-nanomaterials kwi-transistors, i-sensors, kunye ne-interconnects ukuphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo kunye nokuthembeka. Ukusetyenziswa kwama-nanomaterials kwi-electronics kubambe isitshixo sokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha etyhala imida yento enokwenzeka ngoku.

Indima yeziXhobo eziNgcono kubuNjineli boMbane

Izinto ezihlakaniphile zenzelwe ukusabela kwi-stimuli yangaphandle, njengeqondo lokushisa, ukukhanya, okanye imimandla yombane, ngokuguqula iimpawu zabo ngendlela elawulwayo. Ezi zixhobo zinezicelo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ubunjineli bombane, apho zingasetyenziselwa ukudala izixhobo eziguqukayo kunye neenkqubo. Imilo yealloyi zememori, iiseramikhi zepiezoelectric, kunye nemathiriyeli yemagnetostrictive yimizekelo yemathiriyeli ehlakaniphile efumene usetyenziso kusetyenziso lombane. Ngokudibanisa izinto ezihlakaniphile kumacandelo ombane, iinjineli zinokuyila iinkqubo ezizilawulayo ezilungelelanisa indlela abaziphatha ngayo ngexesha lokwenyani ngokusekwe kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezihlakaniphile kubunjineli bombane kuvula amathuba amatsha okudala itekhnoloji ekrelekrele nesebenzayo.

Ukuqukumbela, ishishini lezinto zombane liyaqhubeka nokutyhala imida yezinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zokusika kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ukusuka kwiiconductor ezisekwe kwigraphene ukuya kwiimagnethi ze-superconducting, intsimi yemathiriyeli yombane ihlala iguquka ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ezikhulayo zokusebenzisa amandla kunye nezisombululo ezizinzileyo. Ngophando oluqhubekayo kunye nentsebenziswano, iinjineli kunye nabaphandi bavula indlela yekamva eliqaqambileyo nelinamandla ngakumbi. Njengoko sijonge kwisizukulwana esilandelayo se-electronics kunye neenkqubo zombane, indima yezinto ezivelisa izinto ezintsha ngokungathandabuzekiyo iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ihlabathi langomso. Hlala ubukele uphuhliso olunomdla ngakumbi kwihlabathi eliguqukayo lezinto zombane.