Izinto Ezintsha Zikagesi: Yini Okusha Embonini?

Ugesi uyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yesimanje, unika amandla yonke into kusukela ezindlini zethu kuya emabhizinisini ethu. Ngesidingo esikhula njalo sezixazululo ezonga amandla nezisimeme, imboni yezinto zikagesi ihlale ishintsha futhi yenza izinto ezintsha. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ezinye zentuthuko yakamuva ezintweni zikagesi, kusukela kuma-conductor asezingeni eliphezulu kuya kuma-insulators asezingeni eliphezulu. Hlanganyela nathi njengoba singena emhlabeni wezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikagesi futhi sithola ukuthi yini entsha embonini.

Ukunyuka Kwe-Graphene Ezintweni Kagesi

I-Graphene ungqimba olulodwa lwama-athomu ekhabhoni ahlelwe nge-lattice enezinhlangothi ezimbili ezinezinhlangothi ezine. Yaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zikagesi nemishini, okuyenza ibe yinto ethembisayo yezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza embonini kagesi. I-graphene ibonisa ukusebenza kukagesi okuphezulu, ukudlula lokho kwethusi, kuyilapho ilula futhi iguquguquka. Lezi zakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ziholele ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezisekelwe ku-graphene ukuze zisetshenziswe kumabhethri, ama-supercapacitor, noyinki oqhubayo. Abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokuhlola amandla e-graphene ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwemishini kagesi nezinhlelo, bevula indlela yenkathi entsha ye-electronics emisha.

Izinzuzo zama-Superconductors kuzicelo zikagesi

Ama-Superconductors izinto ezibonisa ukumelana nogesi okuyiziro lapho zipholile ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi. Lesi simo sivumela ama-superconductors ukuthi athwale imisinga emikhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla, okuwenza asebenze kahle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi. Ama-Superconductors asetshenziswa kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene, njengemishini ye-MRI, ama-accelerator ezinhlayiyana, nezinhlelo zegridi yamandla. Intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe be-superconductor igxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokushisa labo elibucayi kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokusebenza. Ngemizamo eqhubekayo yocwaningo nentuthuko, ama-superconductors akulungele ukuguqula indlela esiphehla ngayo, esiwudluliselayo, futhi esisebenzisa ngayo ugesi esikhathini esizayo.

Izinto Zokugqumisa Ukuphepha Kagesi Okuthuthukisiwe

Izinto zokuvikela ugesi zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi ngokuvimbela ukuhamba kukagesi nokuvikela ekushayweni kukagesi. Ukuthuthuka kwezinto zokuvikela i-insulating kuye kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwama-polymers amasha e-dielectric kanye ne-ceramics enezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe ezishisayo nezikagesi. Lezi zinto zikhombisa amandla aphezulu okuqhekeka, ukulahleka kwe-dielectric okuphansi, nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nengcindezi kagesi, okuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa kwe-high-voltage. Ama-insulators ayingxenye ebalulekile yezintambo zikagesi, ama-transformer, nama-switchgear, lapho aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile kwemishini kagesi. Ngokusebenzisa izinto zakamuva zokufaka i-insulating, onjiniyela bangathuthukisa ukuphepha okuphelele nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zikagesi.

Ama-Nanomatadium we-Next-Generation Electronics

Ama-Nanomatadium ayizakhiwo ezinobukhulu esikalini se-nanometer, enikeza izakhiwo ezihlukile ezihlukile kozakwabo ngobuningi. Emkhakheni wama-elekthronikhi, ama-nanomaterials athole ukunakwa ngamandla awo okuvumela ukusebenza okuphezulu namadivayisi amancane. Ama-nanotubes e-carbon, ama-nanoparticles ensimbi, namachashazi e-quantum ayizibonelo zama-nanomaterials abonise isithembiso ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Abacwaningi bahlola izindlela zokufaka ama-nanomaterials kuma-transistors, izinzwa, nama-interconnects ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwedivayisi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-nanomaterials ku-electronics kubambe ukhiye wokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obucindezela imikhawulo yalokho okungenzeka njengamanje.

Iqhaza Lezinto Ezihlakaniphile Kobunjiniyela Bogesi

Izinto ezihlakaniphile ziklanyelwe ukuphendula izisusa zangaphandle, ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ukukhanya, noma izinkundla zikagesi, ngokushintsha izakhiwo zazo ngendlela elawulwayo. Lezi zinto zisebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ubunjiniyela bukagesi, lapho zingasetshenziswa khona ukudala amadivaysi aguquguqukayo nezinhlelo. Ama-alloys enkumbulo yomumo, izitsha zobumba ze-piezoelectric, nezinto ezisetshenziswa yimagnetostrictive ziyizibonelo zezinto ezihlakaniphile ezithole usizo ezinhlelweni zikagesi. Ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezihlakaniphile ezingxenyeni zikagesi, onjiniyela bangaklama amasistimu azilawulayo alungisa ukuziphatha kwawo ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe ezimweni zemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile kwezobunjiniyela bukagesi kuvula amathuba amasha okudala ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile nobusebenzayo.

Sengiphetha, imboni yezinto zikagesi iyaqhubeka nokuphusha imingcele yokuqamba izinto ezintsha ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe. Kusukela kuma-conductor asekelwe ku-graphene kuya kozibuthe abakhulu, inkambu yezinto zikagesi ihlale ishintsha ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezikhulayo zezixazululo ezonga amandla nezizinzile. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokusebenzisana, onjiniyela nabacwaningi bavula indlela yekusasa eliqhakazile nelinamandla kakhudlwana. Njengoba sibheke esizukulwaneni esilandelayo se-electronics kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi, indima yezinto ezisungulwayo ngokungangabazeki izobamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekulolongeni umhlaba wakusasa. Hlala ubukele ukuze uthole intuthuko ethokozisayo emhlabeni wezisetshenziswa zikagesi.