Indima yeZibonelelo zoMbane kwiZisombululo zokuGcinwa koMbane wanamhlanje

Njengoko imfuno yamandla avuselelekayo iqhubeka ikhula, izisombululo zokugcina amandla zanamhlanje ziye zabaluleke kakhulu. Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yezi zisombululo kukusetyenziswa kwezinto zombane, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembekileyo kwamandla. Ukusuka kwiibhetri ukuya kwii-supercapacitors, izinto zombane zisentliziyweni yetekhnoloji yale mihla yokugcina amandla.

Ukubaluleka kwezinto zoMbane

Izinto zombane ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwizisombululo zokugcina amandla zanamhlanje. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezobuchwepheshe, kubandakanywa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri zokuhamba, kunye ne-supercapacitors. Zibalulekile ekugcineni kwaye zikhuphe amandla ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembekileyo. Ngaphandle kwezinto zombane eziphezulu, izisombululo zokugcina amandla aziyi kusebenza okanye zisebenziseke.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho ugxininiso olukhulayo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokuphila kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla. Oku kukhokelele kwinkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwemathiriyeli yombane eyilelwe ngokukodwa usetyenziso lokugcina amandla. Ezi mathiriyeli zenzelwe ukwandisa ukuxinana kwamandla, ukuxinana kwamandla, kunye nobomi bomjikelezo, zibenze zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiitekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla.

Indima yeMathiriyeli yoMbane kwiibhetri zeLithium-Ion

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwebhetri ehlaziywayo esetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka kwi-electronics ephathekayo ukuya kwizithuthi zombane. Ezi bhetri zixhomekeke kwizinto zombane ezifana ne-cathodes, i-anodes, kunye ne-electrolytes ukugcina nokukhulula amandla. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zombane kunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kunye nokuthembeka kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Izinto zeCathode, ngokukodwa, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukuxinana kwamandla kunye nobomi bomjikelezo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Izinto ezifana ne-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), i-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), kunye ne-nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge-cathodes kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ezi zixhobo zikhethwa kwiimpawu zazo ezithile ze-electrochemical, ezichaphazela ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwebhetri.

Izinto ze-anode, ezifana ne-graphite kunye ne-silicon, nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ezi zixhobo zijongene nokugcina i-lithium ion ngexesha lokutshaja kwebhetri kwaye likhulule ngexesha lokukhupha. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-anode kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ubuninzi bamandla kunye nobomi bomjikelezo webhetri.

I-Electrolytes, enye into ebalulekileyo yombane kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, isebenza njengendawo apho i-lithium ion ihamba phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode. Ukhetho lwemathiriyeli ye-electrolyte lunokuchaphazela ukhuseleko, ukusebenza, kunye nobomi bebhetri. I-electrolyte ye-Solid-state yindawo ethembisayo yophando enokuthi iphucule ukhuseleko kunye noxinano lwamandla kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kwixesha elizayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweziXhobo zoMbane kwiibhetri eziqukuqelayo

Iibhetri eziqukuqelayo luhlobo lwebhetri egcwalisekayo egcina amandla kwi-electrolyte engamanzi equlethwe kwiitanki zangaphandle. Ezi bhetri zifaneleke ngokukodwa usetyenziso logcino lwamandla olumileyo, olufana nokugcinwa kwamandla egridi kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Izinto zombane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuyilweni nasekusebenzeni kweebhetri zokuhamba.

Esinye sezixhobo zombane eziphambili kwiibhetri ezihambayo sisisombululo se-electrolyte, esigcina amandla ngendlela yeekhemikhali ezixutywe ngolwelo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrolyte kunokuchaphazela ukuxinana kwamandla, ixabiso, kunye nokusebenza kwebhetri ehambayo. I-electrolyte esekelwe kwi-Vanadium isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhetri zokuhamba ngenxa yokuzinza kunye nobomi bomjikelezo omde.

I-Electrodes yenye imathiriyeli yombane ebalulekileyo kwiibhetri zokuhamba, ezisebenza njenge-interface phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye nesekethe yombane. Izinto ezifana nekhabhoni evezwe, igraphite, kunye neeoxide zentsimbi ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziswa njengee-electrode kwiibhetri zokuhamba. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zizinzile kwiikhemikhali kwaye ziqhube ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokukhululwa kwibhetri yokuhamba.

Iimembrane zikwayinto ebalulekileyo yombane kwiibhetri zokuhamba, njengoko zahlula izisombululo ze-electrolyte ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngelixa zivumela ukuhamba kweeyoni phakathi kwazo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-membrane kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi bebhetri yokuhamba. Ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo ze-membrane kunamandla okuphucula ukusebenza kunye neendleko-ukuphumelela kweebhetri zokuhamba.

Indima yeMathiriyeli yoMbane kwii-Supercapacitors

I-Supercapacitors, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ultracapacitors, zizixhobo zokugcina amandla ezigcina amandla nge-electrostatically kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhambisa amandla aphezulu ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zixhobo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukugcinwa kwamandla okukhawuleza kunye nokukhululwa, okufana nokunyanzeliswa kwe-braking kwizithuthi zombane kunye nokukhusela amandla kwiinkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo. Izinto zombane ziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwe-supercapacitors.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zombane kwii-supercapacitors yimathiriyeli ye-electrode, egcina amandla ngokusebenzisa i-electrostatic adsorption yeeion. Izinto ezifana nekhabhoni esebenzayo, i-carbon nanotubes, kunye neepolymers eziqhubayo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge-electrode kwi-supercapacitors. Ezi zixhobo zikhethwa kwindawo yazo ephezulu ephezulu kunye ne-conductivity ephezulu yombane, eyenza ukugcinwa kwamandla okukhawuleza kunye nokukhululwa kwi-supercapacitor.

I-electrolyte kwi-supercapacitors yenye into ebalulekileyo yombane, esebenza njengendawo yokuthutha i-ion phakathi kwee-electrodes. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrolyte kunokuchaphazela ukuxinana kwamandla, ukuxinana kwamandla, kunye nobomi bomjikelezo we-supercapacitor. I-electrolyte yamanzi kunye ne-organic electrolytes isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwii-supercapacitors, nganye ineenzuzo zayo kunye nemida.

Izinto zokwahlula nazo ziyimfuneko yombane kwi-supercapacitors, njengoko zithintela uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwee-electrodes ezintle kunye nezibi ngelixa zivumela ukuhamba kwee-ion. Izinto ezinje ngeefilimu zepolymer kunye neembrane ezirhabaxa zisetyenziswa njengezahluli kwii-supercapacitors. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zibonise i-ionic conductivity ephezulu kunye ne-conductivity ephantsi yombane ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-supercapacitor.

Ukuqhubela phambili kwiZixhobo zoMbane zokuGcinwa kwamandla

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho ugxininiso olubalulekileyo ekuqhubeleni phambili uphuhliso lwezixhobo zombane kwizicelo zokugcina amandla. Abaphandi kunye neenjineli baye basebenzela ukuphucula ukusebenza, ukhuseleko, kunye neendleko-ezisebenzayo zezinto zombane kwiiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla.

Enye indawo yokuqhubela phambili kukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ze-electrode eziphezulu ze-energy-energy-density electrode kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Abaphandi baphonononga izixhobo ezitsha, ezifana ne-lithium-rich layered oxides kunye ne-high-voltage cathode materials, ukunyusa uxinano lwamandla kunye nobomi bomjikelezo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ezi nkqubela phambili zinamandla okwandisa uluhlu lwezithuthi zombane kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kwe-elektroniki ephathekayo.

Enye inkalo yenkqubela phambili kuyilo lwemathiriyeli ephezulu ye-electrolyte yeebhetri zokuhamba. Abaphandi baphanda iikhemistri ezintsha ze-electrolyte kunye neendlela ezongezelelweyo zokuphucula ubuninzi bamandla kunye nokuzinza kweebhetri zokuhamba. Olu phuculo lunokukhokelela kwiinkqubo ezingabizi kakhulu kwaye zihlala ixesha elide ukugcinwa kwamandla egridi kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Kwintsimi yee-supercapacitors, abaphandi basebenzela ukuphuhlisa izinto ezintsha ze-electrode kunye ne-capacitance ephezulu kunye ne-requivalent series resistance. Ukuqhubela phambili kwizinto ezifana ne-carbon nanomaterials, i-metal-organic frameworks, kunye neepolymers eziqhubayo zinamandla okuphucula ubuninzi bamandla kunye nobomi bomjikelezo we-supercapacitors kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Isishwankathelo

Izinto zombane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizisombululo zokugcina amandla zanamhlanje, kubandakanywa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri zokuhamba, kunye ne-supercapacitors. Ezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko yokugcina kunye nokukhulula amandla ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembeka, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nobomi beenkqubo zokugcina amandla. Njengoko imfuno yamandla ahlaziyekayo iqhubeka ikhula, kukho ukugxila okukhulayo ekuqhubeleni phambili uphuhliso lwezixhobo zombane kwizicelo zokugcina amandla.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo kuye kwenziwa kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezinto zombane zokugcina amandla. Abaphandi kunye neenjineli basebenzela ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezitsha ezinoxinano lwamandla oluphuculweyo, ukuxinana kwamandla, kunye nobomi bomjikelezo, okukhokelela kwizisombululo ezisebenzayo kunye neendleko zokugcina amandla. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kwizinto zombane, ikamva lokugcina amandla libukeka lithembisa, linamandla okuxhasa ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo.