Iqhaza Lezinto Zokusebenza Kagesi Ezixazululweni Zesimanje Zesitoreji Samandla

Njengoba isidingo samandla avuselelekayo siqhubeka sikhula, izixazululo zesimanje zokugcina amandla sezibaluleke kakhulu. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile salezi zixazululo ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zikagesi, ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukugcinwa kahle nokuthembekile kwamandla. Kusukela kumabhethri kuya kuma-supercapacitor, izinto zikagesi zisenhliziyweni yobuchwepheshe besimanje bokugcina amandla.

Ukubaluleka Kwezinto Zokusebenza zikagesi

Izinto zikagesi ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezixazululweni zesimanje zokugcina amandla. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe, kufaka phakathi amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri okugeleza, nama-supercapacitor. Zibalulekile ekugcineni futhi zikhiphe amandla ngendlela efanele futhi enokwethenjelwa. Ngaphandle kwezinto zikagesi zekhwalithi ephezulu, izixazululo zokugcina amandla ngeke ziphumelele noma zisebenziseke.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokugxila okukhulayo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nempilo yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zikagesi eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa kokugcina amandla. Lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zenzelwe ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla, ukuminyana kwamandla, kanye nempilo yomjikelezo, okuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokugcina amandla.

Iqhaza Lezinto Zikagesi Kumabhethri e-Lithium-Ion

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion awuhlobo olujwayelekile lwebhethri elishajekayo elisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela kuzinto zikagesi eziphathwayo ukuya ezimotweni zikagesi. Lawa mabhethri ancike ezintweni zikagesi ezifana nama-cathodes, anode, nama-electrolyte ukuze agcine futhi akhulule amandla. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zikagesi kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Izinto ze-cathode, ikakhulukazi, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuminyana kwamandla kanye nempilo yomjikelezo wamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Izinto ezifana ne-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), i-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), ne-nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) zivame ukusetshenziswa njengama-cathodes kumabhethri e-lithium-ion. Lezi zinto zikhethelwa izakhiwo zazo ezithile ze-electrochemical, ezithonya ukusebenza okuphelele kwebhethri.

Izinto ze-anode, njenge-graphite ne-silicon, nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Lezi zinto zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokugcina ama-ion e-lithium phakathi nenqubo yokushaja kwebhethri nokuwakhulula ngesikhathi sokushajwa. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-anode kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekumineni kwamandla nempilo yomjikelezo webhethri.

Ama-Electrolyte, enye impahla kagesi ebalulekile kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, asebenza njengendawo lapho ama-ion e-lithium ahamba phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrolyte kungaba nomthelela ekuphepheni, ukusebenza, nempilo yebhethri. Ama-electrolyte esimo esiqinile ayindawo ethembisayo yocwaningo engase ithuthukise ukuphepha namandla aminyana amabhethri e-lithium-ion esikhathini esizayo.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Zikagesi Kumabhethri Agelezayo

Amabhethri agelezayo awuhlobo lwebhethri elishajekayo eligcina amandla kuma-electrolyte awuketshezi aqukethwe kumathangi angaphandle. Lawa mabhethri afaneleka kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla ezimile, ezifana nokugcinwa kwamandla esikalini segridi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Izinto zikagesi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwamabhethri agelezayo.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zikagesi kumabhethri agelezayo yisisombululo se-electrolyte, esigcina amandla ngendlela yezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezincibilike oketshezini. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-electrolyte kungathinta ukuminyana kwamandla, izindleko, nokusebenza kwebhethri eligelezayo. Ama-electrolyte asuselwa ku-Vanadium avame ukusetshenziswa kumabhethri okugeleza ngenxa yokuzinza kwawo nempilo yomjikelezo omude.

Ama-Electrode angenye into ebalulekile kagesi kumabhethri agelezayo, asebenza njengesikhombimsebenzisi phakathi kwe-electrolyte nesekethe kagesi. Izinto ezifana ne-carbon feel, i-graphite, nama-oxide ensimbi ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa njengama-electrode kumabhethri okugeleza. Lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo kumele zizinze ngokwamakhemikhali futhi ziqhubekisele phambili ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo kanye nokukhululwa kubhethri eligelezayo.

Amamembrane nawo ayizinto zikagesi ezibalulekile kumabhethri okugeleza, njengoba ehlukanisa izixazululo ze-electrolyte ezinhle nezingezinhle kuyilapho evumela ukugeleza kwama-ion phakathi kwawo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezithinta ulwelwesi kungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle nempilo yebhethri eligelezayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-membrane kunamandla okuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zamabhethri agelezayo.

Iqhaza Lezinto Zikagesi kuma-Supercapacitors

Ama-Supercapacitor, aziwa nangokuthi ama-ultracapacitors, angamadivayisi okugcina amandla agcina amandla ngogesi futhi akwazi ukuletha amandla aphezulu ngama-breaks amafushane. Lawa madivayisi avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukugcinwa kwamandla asheshayo kanye nokukhululwa, njengokubhuleka kabusha ezimotweni zikagesi kanye nokubhafa kwamandla kumasistimu wamandla avuselelekayo. Izinto zikagesi zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwama-supercapacitor.

Enye yezinto zikagesi ezibalulekile kuma-supercapacitor impahla ye-electrode, egcina amandla ngokusebenzisa i-electrostatic adsorption yama-ion. Izinto ezifana ne-activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, nama-polymers conductive avame ukusetshenziswa njengama-electrode kuma-supercapacitor. Lezi zinto zikhethelwa indawo yazo ethile ephezulu kanye nokuhamba kukagesi okuphezulu, okuvumela ukugcinwa kwamandla okusheshayo nokukhululwa ku-supercapacitor.

I-electrolyte kuma-supercapacitor ingenye impahla kagesi ebalulekile, esebenza njengendawo yokuthutha ama-ion phakathi kwama-electrode. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrolyte kungathinta ukuminyana kwamandla, ukuminyana kwamandla, nempilo yomjikelezo we-supercapacitor. Ama-electrolyte anamanzi nama-electrolyte ephilayo avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-supercapacitor, ngalinye linezinzuzo zalo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwalo.

Izinto ezihlukanisayo nazo ziyizinto ezibalulekile zikagesi kuma-supercapacitor, njengoba zivimbela ukuthintana okuqondile phakathi kwama-electrode amahle kanye nama-negative ngenkathi ivumela ukugeleza kwama-ion. Izinto ezinjengamafilimu e-polymer kanye nolwelwesi olunezimbotshana zisetshenziswa njengezihlukanisi kuma-supercapacitor. Lezi zinto kumele zibonise ukuqhutshwa kwe-ionic okuphezulu kanye nokuhamba kagesi okuphansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-supercapacitor.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezinto Zokusebenza zikagesi Zokugcina Amandla

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokugxila okubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zikagesi zokusetshenziswa kokugcina amandla. Abacwaningi nonjiniyela bebelokhu besebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zezinto zikagesi kubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokugcina amandla.

Indawo eyodwa yenqubekelaphambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-electrode ezinamandla amakhulu kumabhethri e-lithium-ion. Abacwaningi bahlola izinto ezintsha, ezifana ne-lithium-rich layered oxides nezinto ze-cathode ezinamandla kagesi, ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla nokuphila komjikelezo wamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Le ntuthuko inamandla okwandisa uhla lokushayela kwezimoto zikagesi futhi ithuthukise ukuthembeka kwezinto zikagesi eziphathwayo.

Enye indawo yentuthuko ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-electrolyte zamabhethri agelezayo. Abacwaningi baphenya amakhemikhali amasha e-electrolyte kanye nokwakheka okungeziwe ukuze bathuthukise ukuminyana kwamandla nokuzinza kwamabhethri agelezayo. Le ntuthuko ingase iholele ezinhlelweni zebhethri ezigelezayo ezingabizi kakhulu futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside zokugcinwa kwamandla esikalini segridi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.

Emkhakheni wama-supercapacitor, abacwaningi basebenzela ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ze-electrode ezinamandla athile aphezulu kanye nokumelana nochungechunge olulinganayo. Ukuthuthuka kwezinto ezifana ne-carbon nanomaterials, izinhlaka zensimbi-organic, nama-polymers aqhubayo anamandla okuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla kanye nempilo yomjikelezo wama-supercapacitor wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.

Isifinyezo

Izinto zikagesi zidlala indima ebalulekile ezixazululweni zesimanje zokugcina amandla, okuhlanganisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri agelezayo, nama-supercapacitor. Lezi zinsiza zibalulekile ekugcineni nokukhipha amandla ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi enokwethenjelwa, okunomthelela ekusebenzeni nempilo yokuphila kwamasistimu okugcina amandla. Njengoba isidingo samandla avuselelekayo siqhubeka sikhula, kunokugxila okwandayo ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zikagesi zokusetshenziswa kokugcina amandla.

Eminyakeni yakamuva, intuthuko enkulu yenziwe ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezinto zikagesi zokugcinwa kwamandla. Abacwaningi nonjiniyela basebenzela ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ezinokuminyana kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe, ukuminyana kwamandla, nempilo yomjikelezo, okuholela ezisombululweni zokugcina amandla ezisebenzayo nezingabizi kakhulu. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ezintweni zikagesi, ikusasa lokugcina amandla libukeka lithembisa, linamandla okusekela ukwamukelwa okusabalele kobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo.