Iindidi zeMathiriyeli ezingundoqo: Ukukhetha iMathiriyeli eNgcono ngokuSebenza

Ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwabaguquli, amacandelo abalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zombane, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenziselwa ii-cores zabo. Ukukhetha eyona nto iphambili yesiguquli ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kuphela kodwa neendleko, ubungakanani, kunye nobomi. Kweli nqaku, siza kugocagoca kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezingundoqo ze-transformer, sithelekisa iimpawu zazo kunye nokufaneleka kosetyenziso olwahlukileyo. Nokuba ungumntu onomdla wokuzilibazisa okanye uyinjineli ejonge ukukhulisa uyilo lwakho, ukuqonda ezi mathiriyeli ngundoqo ekuphumezeni ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo kwiinkqubo zakho zombane.

Silicon Steel

Insimbi yeSilicon, ekwabizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yombane, yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-transformer cores ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezithandekayo. Iqulethe ipesenti encinci ye-silicon (ngokuqhelekileyo ijikeleze i-3.2%) ephucula amandla ayo okuqhuba imimandla yamagnetic, eyenza isebenze ngakumbi kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo.

Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yensimbi ye-silicon yilahleko yayo ephantsi ye-hysteresis, eyimfuneko yokugcina amandla okusebenza. Ilahleko yeHysteresis ibhekisa kumandla alahlekileyo ngendlela yobushushu xa imathiriyeli kazibuthe ifumana imijikelo ephindaphindiweyo yemagnetization kunye ne-demagnetization. Ukongezwa kwe-silicon kunciphisa le lahleko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuyileni iziguquli, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezisebenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Ngapha koko, intsimbi yesilicon ibonelela ngamandla ombane, inciphisa ilahleko yangoku ye-eddy. Imisinga ye-Eddy zizirhintyela zangoku zombane ezenziwe ngaphakathi kwii-conductor ngokutshintsha kwemagnethi. Le misinga inokubangela ukuchithwa kwamandla okubalulekileyo kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu, apho i-silicon yentsimbi iyayinciphisa ngempumelelo.

Nangona kunjalo, intsimbi ye-silicon inakho ukuhla. Enye yindalo yayo enqabileyo, ngakumbi xa umxholo we-silicon uphezulu. Le brittleness ingenza ukuba ingalungeli kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna ukuqina komzimba okanye ukuguquguquka. Ukongeza, ngelixa ibonisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kumaza asezantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo kuyehla kumaza aphezulu kakhulu, kuyenza ingafaneleki kwezinye izicelo ezikhethekileyo.

Ukufikeleleka kwensimbi ye-silicon kunye nokusebenza okwaneleyo kwizicelo ezininzi ze-transformer eziqhelekileyo zenza kube yinto ehamba phambili kubakhiqizi abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimfuno ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi, ezinye izixhobo zinokubonelela ngeempawu ezingcono.

Intsimbi yeAmorphous

Intsimbi ye-Amorphous, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiglasi yentsimbi, yimathiriyeli yenoveli esetyenziswa kwii-cores ze-transformer ebonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ngaphezulu kwe-crystalline esebenza nayo. Ubume bayo obukhethekileyo, obuqulunqwe ziiathom ezingalungelelananga, kunciphisa ilahleko yamandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zentsimbi ye-amorphous yilahleko yayo ephantsi kakhulu. Kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zekristale, ilahleko yamandla ivela kulungiselelo olucwangcisiweyo lwee-athomu. Ulwakhiwo lweathom ephazamisekileyo kwintsimbi ye-amorphous kunciphisa kakhulu le lahleko, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziguquli ezisebenzayo eziphezulu. Le propati inenzuzo ngokukodwa kwizicelo ze-frequency ephezulu apho ilahleko yamandla ingaba phezulu kakhulu.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo yimpawu zayo zamagnetic. Intsimbi ye-amorphous ihlutha kumandla ombane asezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi yesilicon, iyenza isebenze ngakumbi ekudluliseleni amandla. Le magnetization isezantsi iguqulela ekunciphiseni ilahleko engundoqo kunye nokusebenza ngcono kukonke.

Intsimbi ye-Amorphous ikwaqhayisa ngokuxhathisa okumangalisayo kombane, iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yentsimbi yesilicon. Oku kuxhathisa okuphezulu kunciphisa ilahleko yangoku ye-eddy, iyenze ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwi-transformers esebenza kwiindawo eziphezulu ze-frequency.

Nangona kunjalo, intsimbi ye-amorphous ayikho ngaphandle kwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubiza kakhulu kunentsimbi ye-silicon, enokuba yinto ethintelayo kwiiprojekthi ezingabizi kakhulu. Ukongeza, ubuqhophololo kunye nobunzima bayo kwimveliso kunokuba ngumngeni. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-amorphous steel cores inzima ngakumbi, ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchule obungekho ngokubanzi.

Nangona le mingeni, iinzuzo zensimbi ye-amorphous, ngokukodwa ekunciphiseni ilahleko yamandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, yenza kube yinto ekhangayo kubaguquli banamhlanje, ngakumbi abo basetyenziswa kwizicelo zamandla avuselelekayo kunye nezinye iindawo eziphezulu zokusebenza.

Nanocrystalline Alloys

I-Nanocrystalline alloys ibonisa uphuhliso olunqamlekileyo kwizinto eziphambili ze-transformer. Ezi alloys zenziwe nge-nanoscale crystalline grains efakwe kwi-matrix ye-amorphous, inika indibaniselwano yeempawu ezihlala ziphezulu kuzo zombini izinto ezicocekileyo kunye ne-crystalline yendabuko.

Enye yezona zinto ziphawulekayo ze-nanocrystalline alloys yilahleko yabo ephantsi kakhulu. Isakhiwo se-nanoscale sivumela ukugqithiswa kwamagnetic aphezulu kunye nokunyanzeliswa okuphantsi, zombini ezi negalelo ekunciphiseni ilahleko engundoqo. Oku kwenza i-nanocrystalline alloys ifaneleke ngokukodwa kwi-high-frequency transformers and inductors, apho ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukongeza kwiipropati zabo zamagnetic, ii-alloys ze-nanocrystalline zibonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal. Bangakwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo okushisa, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokukhetha abaguquli kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Oku kuzinza kwe-thermal nako kunegalelo kubomi obude, njengoko izinto eziphathekayo zihamba ngaphantsi kunye nokukrazula kwexesha.

Enye inzuzo yimagnetization ephezulu yokugcwala, evumela ubungakanani obuncinci besiseko. Oku kunokukhokelela kuyilo lwe-compact transformer ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza, into ebalulekileyo kwizicelo apho indawo iphezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi mathiriyeli eziphambili ziza ngexabiso. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-nanocrystalline alloys intsonkothile kwaye ibiza kakhulu, ibandakanya ubuchule obuntsonkothileyo njengokuqina okukhawulezayo kunye nokufakwa kwe-anneal elandelayo. Ezi ndleko ziphezulu zinokuba ngumqobo wokwamkelwa ngokubanzi, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezingabizi kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu, iimpawu zokusebenza eziphezulu ze-nanocrystalline alloys zibenza banqweneleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqina. Njengoko iindlela zokuvelisa ziphucula kwaye uqoqosho lwesikali buya kudlala, iialloys ze-nanocrystalline zinokuthi zifikeleleke ngakumbi, zandise umda wokusebenzisa kwazo.

Iingxube zeCobalt

I-cobalt alloys, ngakumbi ezo zibandakanya indibaniselwano ye-cobalt-iron, ziyaziwa ngeempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo zemagneti. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngemagneti yokugcwala okuphezulu, okubenza bafanelekele usetyenziso olufuna amandla omhlaba wemagnethi aphezulu, afana neziguquli kwizixhobo zokujonga zonyango kunye nesixhobo esichanekileyo.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-cobalt alloys kukugcwala kwazo okugqwesileyo kumagnethi. Le propathi ivumela abaguquli ukuba baphathe amasimi aphezulu ngaphandle kokugcwala, okubenza balungele usetyenziso oluphezulu. Ukuzaliswa okuphezulu kuphinda kuguqulele ekugqithiseni amandla ngokusulungekileyo, okubalulekileyo ekwandiseni ukusebenza.

I-cobalt alloys nayo ibonisa iimpawu ezimangalisayo zokushisa kunye nezomatshini. Banokumelana namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini ngaphandle kokuthotywa okubalulekileyo, okubenza bafanelekele iindawo ezifuna ukomelela okuphezulu. Oku kuqina kwandisa ukuthembeka kunye nobomi beenguqu, ngokukodwa kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso apho iimeko zinokuba nzima.

Olunye uncedo kukukwazi kwealloyi ukugcina iimpawu zemagnethi kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu. Oku kuzinza kwe-thermal kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhambelanayo, naphantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, eziyimfuneko kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-aerospace kunye nokukhusela.

Nangona kunjalo, ii-alloys ze-cobalt azikho ngaphandle kwazo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo i-drawback yindleko yazo. I-Cobalt yinto ebiza kakhulu, kwaye i-alloys equkethe i-cobalt zibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinto ezingundoqo ze-transformer njengentsimbi ye-silicon okanye isinyithi se-amorphous. Ezi ndleko ziphezulu zinokuba ngumba wokunciphisa ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi, ngakumbi kwizicelo zabathengi apho iindleko ziqwalaselwa kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwexabiso labo eliphezulu, iipropathi eziphezulu zemagneti kunye ne-thermal ye-cobalt alloys zibenza babe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwiinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, eziguquguqukayo eziphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo kuthethelela iindleko eziphezulu, njengoko izibonelelo ngokubhekiselele kukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle ziyodlula lee inkcitho.

I-Nickel Alloys

I-nickel alloys yolunye udidi lwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ii-cores ze-transformer, ezinikezela ngesethi ekhethekileyo yeempawu ezenza ukuba zilungele izicelo ezithile. Ezi alloys zihlala zidityaniswa kunye nezinye izinto, ezifana nentsimbi kunye ne-molybdenum, ukuphucula iimpawu zabo zemagneti.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-nickel alloys kukukwazi ukugqithiswa kwemagneti ephezulu. Ukungena okuphezulu kuthetha ukuba i-nickel alloys inokuba lula ukuba yenziwe ngumagnet kwaye ifikelele kumanqanaba aphezulu oxinaniso lwemagnethi, olubalulekileyo kugqithiso lwamandla olusebenzayo kwiziguquli. Oku kuzenza zilungele usetyenziso olufuna ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka, okufana nokhuselo lwemagnethi kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa.

Iialloys ze-nickel nazo zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kokuxhathisa ukubola. Le propati inenzuzo ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho i-transformer inokuthi ibonakale kwizinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nezaselwandle okanye i-industrial setting. Ukunganyangeki kwe-corrosion kuqinisekisa ubomi obude kunye neemfuno ezincitshisiweyo zokugcinwa, ezinokuthi zibe yinto ebalulekileyo yokulondoloza iindleko ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Enye inzuzo kukuzinza kwe-thermal ye-nickel alloys. Bangakwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu, bagcine iimpawu zabo zamagnetic ngaphandle kokuthotywa okukhulu. Oku kubenza balungele izicelo ezifumana iimeko ezahlukeneyo ze-thermal, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhambelanayo kunye nokuthembeka.

Nangona kunjalo, iialloys ze-nickel nazo zineengxaki ezithile. Njenge-cobalt alloys, zibiza kakhulu kunezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa njengentsimbi yesilicon. Ezi ndleko ziphezulu zinokuba ngumqobo wokwamkelwa ngokubanzi, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezingabizi kakhulu. Ukongezelela, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-nickel alloys inzima ngakumbi, ifuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo.

Ngaphandle kweendleko zabo eziphezulu, indibaniselwano ekhethekileyo yokungena okuphezulu, ukumelana nokubola, kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal kwenza i-nickel alloys ibe lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiimeko ezimandundu kuthethelela inkcitho, njengoko iinzuzo ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza kunye nokuqina zilodlula kude utyalo-mali lokuqala.

Ekugqibeleni, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphambili ze-transformer kuyisigqibo esibalulekileyo esichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neendleko ze-transformer. Izinto eziphathekayo-intsimbi ye-silicon, insimbi ye-amorphous, i-nanocrystalline alloys, i-cobalt alloys, kunye ne-nickel alloys-inika inzuzo ekhethekileyo kunye nokungonakali ezenza ukuba zilungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda iipropathi zezi zixhobo kunye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo neemfuno ezithile kunokunceda iinjineli kunye nabaqulunqi benze izigqibo ezinolwazi, baphucule ukusebenza kwe-transformer kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko itekhnoloji ihambela phambili, sinokulindela uphuculo olongezelelekileyo kwisayensi yemathiriyeli, ekhokelela kwizixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle nezithembekileyo ezingundoqo.