Izinhlobo Zezinto Ezibalulekile Ze-Transformer: Ukukhetha Into Efanelekile Yokusebenza

Ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwama-transformer, izingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi, zincike kakhulu ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa ama-cores azo. Ukukhetha okubalulekile kwe-transformer core akuthinti ukusebenza kuphela kodwa futhi nezindleko, usayizi, nempilo yokuphila. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula izinto eziyisisekelo ze-transformer, siqhathanise izici zazo nokufaneleka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu othanda ukwazi ukuzilibazisa noma unjiniyela ofuna ukuthuthukisa idizayini yakho, ukuqonda lezi zinto kuyisihluthulelo sokuzuza imiphumela engcono kakhulu yamasistimu akho kagesi.

I-Silicon Steel

Insimbi ye-silicon, eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi kagesi, ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-transformer cores ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kazibuthe. Iqukethe iphesenti elincane le-silicon (imvamisa lilinganiselwa ku-3.2%) elithuthukisa ikhono layo lokuqhuba izinkambu kazibuthe, liyenze isebenze kahle kunensimbi evamile.

Inzuzo ephawulekayo yensimbi ye-silicon ukulahlekelwa kwayo okuphansi kwe-hysteresis, okubalulekile ekugcineni amandla okusebenza kahle. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Hysteresis kubhekisela emandleni alahleka ngendlela yokushisa lapho okokusebenza kazibuthe kungena imijikelezo ephindaphindiwe kazibuthe kanye ne-demagnetization. Ukwengezwa kwe-silicon kunciphisa lokhu kulahlekelwa, okuyisici esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwama-transformer, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwe-high-frequency.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi ye-silicon inikeza ukumelana nogesi okuhle kakhulu, inciphisa ukulahleka kwamanje kwe-eddy. Ama-Eddy currents amaluphu kagesi afakwa ngaphakathi kwamakhondakta yinkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo. Lawa magagasi angabangela ukuchithwa kwamandla okuphawulekayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa, okuyinto insimbi ye-silicon inciphisa ngempumelelo.

Kodwa-ke, insimbi ye-silicon inakho ukwehla okuthile. Enye imvelo yayo eqinile, ikakhulukazi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kuphezulu. Lokhu brittleness kungayenza ingalungeli kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina ngokomzimba noma ukuguquguquka. Ukwengeza, ngenkathi ibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kumaza aphansi, ukusebenza kahle kwayo kwehla ngamaza aphezulu kakhulu, okuyenza ingafaneleki kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile.

Ukufinyeleleka kwensimbi ye-silicon nokusebenza okwanele ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-transformer ezijwayelekile kuyenza ibe yinto eya kubakhiqizi abaningi. Kodwa-ke, ngezidingo ezikhethekile, ezinye izinto zinganikeza izici ezingcono.

Insimbi ye-Amorphous

Insimbi ye-amorphous, eyaziwa nangokuthi ingilazi yensimbi, iyinoveli esetshenziswa kuma-transformer cores enikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile kunezakwabo eziyikristalu. Isakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele, esakhiwe ama-athomu angahlelekile, sinciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.

Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zensimbi ye-amorphous ukulahlekelwa kwayo okuyisisekelo okuphansi kakhulu. Ezintweni zekristalu zendabuko, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kuvela ekuhlelweni okuhlelekile kwama-athomu. Isakhiwo se-athomu esingahlelekile ensimbi ye-amorphous kunciphisa kakhulu lokhu kulahlekelwa, okuholela kuma-transformer asebenza kahle kakhulu. Lesi sakhiwo sizuzisa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephezulu lapho ukulahleka kwamandla kungaba phezulu kakhulu.

Enye inzuzo ephawulekayo izici zayo kazibuthe. Insimbi ye-amorphous igcwala ngamandla aphansi azibuthe uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi ye-silicon, iyenza isebenze kahle kakhulu ekudluliseni amandla. Le magnetization ephansi ye-saturation ihumusha ekulahlekelweni okuyisisekelo okuncishisiwe kanye nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu sekukonke.

Insimbi ye-amorphous ibuye ikwazi ukumelana nogesi okumangazayo, okuphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yensimbi ye-silicon. Lokhu kumelana okuphezulu kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy, okwenza kube into efanelekile yama-transformer asebenza ezindaweni eziphezulu ze-frequency.

Nokho, insimbi ye-amorphous ayinazo izithiyo zayo. Ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu kunensimbi ye-silicon, okungaba isici esikhawulelayo kumaphrojekthi angabizi kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ukuqina kwayo kanye nobunzima ekukhiqizeni kungaba inselele. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-amorphous steel cores iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, idinga imishini ekhethekile namasu angatholakali kabanzi.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, izinzuzo zensimbi ye-amorphous, ikakhulukazi ekunciphiseni ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle, kwenza kube yindlela ekhangayo yama-transformers anamuhla, ikakhulukazi lawo asetshenziselwa izicelo zamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinye izinkambu ezisebenza kahle.

I-Nanocrystalline Alloys

Ama-Nanocrystalline alloys amelela intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu ezintweni eziyinhloko ze-transformer. Lawa ma-alloys akhiwe ngezinhlamvu ze-nanoscale crystalline ezishumekwe ku-matrix ye-amorphous, ehlinzeka ngenhlanganisela yezakhiwo ezivame ukuphakama kuzo zombili izinto ezicwebezelayo ze-amorphous kanye nezendabuko.

Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zama-nanocrystalline alloys ukulahlekelwa kwawo okuyisisekelo okuphansi kakhulu. Isakhiwo se-nanoscale sivumela ukufinyeleleka okuphakeme kakhulu kazibuthe kanye nokuphoqelela okuphansi, kokubili okunomthelela ekulahlekelweni okuyisisekelo okuncishisiwe. Lokhu kwenza ama-nanocrystalline alloys afaneleke ikakhulukazi ama-high-frequency transformers nama-inductors, lapho ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kubalulekile.

Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zabo kazibuthe, ama-nanocrystalline alloys abonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa. Angakwazi ukusebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa anhlobonhlobo, okuwenza abe yinketho ekahle kuma-transformer ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kuzinza kwe-thermal nakho kunomthelela esikhathini eside sempilo, njengoba okokusebenza kudlula ukuguga nokudabuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Enye inzuzo yi-high saturation magnetization, evumela osayizi abancane bomgogodla. Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-compact transformer ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza, isici esibalulekile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isikhala siphezulu kakhulu.

Nokho, lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe ziza ngezindleko. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yama-nanocrystalline alloys iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi iyabiza, ehlanganisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi njengokuqiniswa okusheshayo kanye nokudonsa okulandelayo. Lezi zindleko eziphakeme zingase zibe isithiyo sokutholwa okusabalele, ikakhulukazi ezicelweni ezingabizi kakhulu.

Naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme, izici zokusebenza eziphezulu ze-nanocrystalline alloys zibenza bafiseleke kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile ezidinga ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokuqina. Njengoba amasu okukhiqiza ethuthuka futhi umnotho wesilinganiso uqala ukusebenza, ama-alloys e-nanocrystalline cishe azofinyeleleka kakhudlwana, andise ububanzi bokusebenza kwawo.

I-Cobalt Alloys

Ama-cobalt alloys, ikakhulukazi lawo ahlanganisa inhlanganisela ye-cobalt-iron, aziwa ngezici zawo ezingavamile kazibuthe. Lezi zinto zinikeza i-saturation ephezulu yamagnetization, ezenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla kazibuthe aphezulu, njengama-transformer kumshini wokuthwebula wezokwelapha kanye nezinsimbi ezinembayo.

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zama-cobalt alloys ukugcwala kwawo okuhle kakhulu kazibuthe. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela ama-transformer ukuthi abambe izindawo eziphakeme kazibuthe ngaphandle kokugcwala, okuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala okuphezulu kuphinde kuhumushe ekusebenzeni kahle kokudlulisa amandla, okubalulekile ekukhuliseni ukusebenza kahle.

Ama-alloys e-Cobalt nawo abonisa izakhiwo ezimangalisayo ezishisayo nezemishini. Angakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme kanye nokucindezeleka kwemishini ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu, okuwenza afanelekele izindawo ezidinga ukuqina okukhulu. Lokhu kuqina kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka nempilo ye-transformer, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa zezimboni lapho izimo zingaba nzima.

Enye inzuzo amandla ama-alloys okugcina izici kazibuthe phezu kwebanga lokushisa elibanzi. Lokhu kuzinza kwe-thermal kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezihlukene, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezibucayi ezifana ne-aerospace nokuzivikela.

Kodwa-ke, ama-alloys e-cobalt awanawo ama-downsides awo. I-drawback ebaluleke kakhulu izindleko zabo. I-Cobalt iyimpahla ebizayo, futhi ama-alloys aqukethe i-cobalt abiza kakhulu kunezinye izinto eziyinhloko ze-transformer njengensimbi ye-silicon noma izinsimbi ze-amorphous. Lezi zindleko eziphezulu zingaba yisici esikhawulela ekutholweni okubanzi, ikakhulukazi ezicelweni zabathengi lapho izindleko zicatshangelwa kakhulu.

Naphezu kwentengo yazo ephakeme, izakhiwo eziphakeme kazibuthe nezishisayo ze-cobalt alloys zibenza babe yisinqumo esihle kakhulu sama-transformer akhethekile, asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinhlelweni ezibucayi kuqinisekisa izindleko eziphakeme, njengoba izinzuzo maqondana nokwethembeka nokusebenza kahle zizidlula kude izindleko.

I-Nickel Alloys

Ama-nickel alloys angesinye isigaba sezinto ezisetshenziselwa ama-transformer cores, anikeza isethi eyingqayizivele yezakhiwo ezizenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Lawa ma-alloys avame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izakhi, njenge-iron ne-molybdenum, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici zazo kazibuthe.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-nickel alloys ukuthi i-magnetic permeability ephezulu. Ukungena okuphezulu kusho ukuthi ingxubevange ye-nickel ingaba nguzibuthe kalula futhi ifinyelele amazinga aphezulu okuqina kazibuthe, okubalulekile ekudluliselweni kwamandla okusebenzayo kuma-transformer. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuzwela okuphezulu nokunemba, njengakumathuluzi okuvikela kazibuthe namathuluzi okulinganisa.

Ama-nickel alloys nawo anikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Lesi sakhiwo sinenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho i-transformer ingase ichayeke ezintweni ezigqwalayo, ezifana nezilungiselelo zasolwandle noma zezimboni. Ukumelana nokugqwala kuqinisekisa ukuphila okude kanye nezimfuneko zokunakekela ezincishisiwe, okungaba yisici esibalulekile sokulondoloza izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Enye inzuzo ukuqina okushisayo kwe-nickel alloys. Bangakwazi ukusebenza kahle ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi, bagcine izakhiwo zabo kazibuthe ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlangabezana nezimo ezishisayo ezihlukene, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki nokuthembeka.

Kodwa-ke, ama-nickel alloys nawo anezinkinga ezithile. Njengama-alloys e-cobalt, ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu kunezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengensimbi ye-silicon. Lezi zindleko eziphakeme zingaba isithiyo ekutholweni okusabalele, ikakhulukazi ezicelweni ezingabizi kakhulu. Ukwengeza, inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-nickel alloys iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, idinga amasu akhethekile kanye nemishini.

Naphezu kwezindleko zabo eziphakeme, inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yokungena okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokuzinza kokushisa kwenza ama-nickel alloys abe yisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezindaweni ezibucayi kuvumela izindleko, njengoba izinzuzo mayelana nokusebenza nokuqina ziludlula kude utshalomali lwasekuqaleni.

Sengiphetha, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziyinhloko ze-transformer kuyisinqumo esibalulekile esithinta kakhulu ukusebenza, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nezindleko ze-transformer. Into ngayinye—insimbi ye-silicon, insimbi ye-amorphous, ama-nanocrystalline alloys, ama-cobalt alloys, nama-nickel alloys—inikeza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokubi okuzenza zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Ukuqonda izici zalezi zinto kanye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo nezidingo ezithile kungasiza onjiniyela nabaklami benze izinqumo ezinolwazi, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-transformer ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, singalindela ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kwisayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, okuholela ezintweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezithembekile ze-transformer core.