Yintoni undoqo we-transformer?

Iinguqu ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuhambisa umbane, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutshintsheni amandla ombane ukusuka kwesinye isiphaluka ukuya kwesinye. Kwintliziyo yayo yonke i-transformer ilele i-core transformer, icandelo elibalulekileyo elivumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kungena kwihlabathi leentsimbi ze-transformer, sihlolisise ukuba ziphi, zisebenza njani, kunye nokubaluleka kwazo ekusebenzeni kweenguqu.

Ukuqonda iTransformer Core

Ingundoqo ye-transformer yinxalenye ephambili ye-transformer, inikezela indlela yamagnetic ukuze i-magnetic flux ihambe. Ngokuqhelekileyo yakhiwe ukusuka kumaleko amancinci omgangatho ophezulu wentsimbi yombane, elayitiweyo kunye ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko yamandla ngenxa yemisinga yeeddy kunye ne-hysteresis. Undoqo udla ngokuqulunqwa ziindidi ezimbini zezixhobo zamagnetic: iiferrite okanye iintsimbi zentsimbi ezilaminated. I-Ferrites isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicelo ze-high-frequency applications, ngelixa i-iron cores e-laminated isetyenziswa kwi-low-frequency applications.

Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwengundoqo ye-transformer kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwe-transformer. Ingundoqo kufuneka ikwazi ukuphatha i-flux yamagnetic eyenziwa ngokuhamba kombane wangoku, ngaphandle kokuhlutha okanye ukufudumala. Oku kufuna uqwalaselo olucokisekileyo lwezinto ezingundoqo, ubukhulu, kunye nokumila, kunye nenani lokujika kwii-windings.

Ii-cores ze-transformer ziza kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile ze-transformer. Iimilo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-E-shaped, i-shaped, kunye ne-C-shaped cores, nganye inika iimpawu zemagneti ezahlukeneyo kunye neenzuzo. Ukukhethwa kobume obuphambili kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nendlela yamagnetic oyifunayo, ubungakanani bamandla okudluliselwa, kunye nesithuba esikhoyo kwi-transformer.

Umsebenzi ophambili we-transformer kukubonelela ngendlela ephantsi yokumelana ne-magnetic flux, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-primary and second windings ye-transformer. Oku kuvumela ukuguqulwa kwamanqanaba ombane kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane kumgama omde kunye nelahleko encinci. Amandla angundoqo okuphatha i-magnetic flux ngaphandle kokuhlutha kubalulekile ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer kunye nokuthintela ukushisa.

Indima yoMbono weTransformer

Ingundoqo ye-transformer idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer, njengoko inika indlela efunekayo yamagnetic yokuhanjiswa kwamandla phakathi kwe-windings yokuqala kunye neyesibini. Xa i-alternating current (AC) iqukuqela kumoya ojikajikayo, ivelisa ukutshintsha kwemagnethi kumbindi. Olu tshintsho lutshintshayo lubangela amandla e-electromotive kwi-winding yesibini, okukhokelela ekugqithisweni kwamandla ombane ukusuka kwisekethe yokuqala ukuya kwisekethe yesibini.

Amandla angundoqo okusingatha ukuguquka kwamagnetic ngaphandle kokuhlutha kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwe-transformer. I-Saturation iyenzeka xa i-core ifikelela kubuninzi bayo be-magnetic flux density, ebangela ukwanda okubonakalayo kokungafuni kwamagnetic kunye nokuncipha kwe-inductance. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunyuka kokulahlekelwa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwe-transformer.

Ulwakhiwo olungundoqo lwe-transformer kunye noyilo lubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukugcwala kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu wamagnetic kunye nobuchule obufanelekileyo bokuthambisa, undoqo unokugcina ukungafuni kwamagnetic kunye nokungena kwamagnetic okuphezulu, okuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo. Ubume be-core kunye nobukhulu budlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni i-magnetic flux kunye nokuthintela ukugcwala, kubenza izinto ezibalulekileyo kuyilo lwe-transformer.

Ukongezelela ekuboneleleni indlela ye-magnetic flux, i-core transformer iphinda isebenze njengenkxaso yenkxaso yee-windings. Amajiko-jiko ahlala ajikelezwe kumbindi, kunye namajiko aphambili kunye nesibini ahlulwe zizinto ezingundoqo. Olu lungelelwaniso luqinisekisa ukuba ukushukuma okwenziwa ngumjikelo oyintloko kubangela i-voltage kwi-winding yesibini, iququzelele ukuhanjiswa kwamandla.

Ingundoqo ikwabonelela ngenkxaso yomatshini kwii-windings, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthintela ukunyakaza okanye ukunyakaza ngexesha lokusebenza. Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa kombane phakathi kwe-winding ephambili kunye neyesibini kunye nokuthintela umonakalo kwi-insulation. Ngokubanzi, indima ye-transformer core ihamba ngaphaya kokubonelela ngendlela yamagnetic, njengoko iphinda isebenze ekuxhaseni nasekukhuseleni amacandelo abalulekileyo e-transformer.

Iindidi zeTransformer Cores

Kukho iindidi ezininzi ze-transformer cores, nganye yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukukhethwa kohlobo oluphambili kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nesicelo, ukuphindaphinda, kunye nokulinganisa amandla e-transformer. Iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ze-transformer cores ziyi-ferrite cores kunye ne-laminated iron cores, nganye inesethi yayo yeenzuzo kunye nokungonakali.

Iintsimbi ze-Ferrite zenziwe kwikhompawundi ye-ceramic equkethe i-iron oxide kunye nezinye izinto zetsimbi, ezifana ne-nickel, i-zinc, okanye i-manganese. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwii-high-frequency applications, ezifana ne-inductors kunye ne-transformers kwiisekethe ze-elektroniki. I-Ferrite cores inikezela ukuxhathisa umbane ophezulu kunye nelahleko ephantsi ye-eddy yangoku, ezenza zilungele izicelo apho ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho womqondiso kubaluleke kakhulu.

Iinzuzo eziphambili ze-ferrite cores zibandakanya ukugqithiswa kwazo okuphezulu kwamagnetic, ukunyanzeliswa okuphantsi, kunye nelahleko ephantsi ye-hysteresis, ezenza zibe zilungele izicelo ezifuna ukusebenza kwe-high-frequency. Zikwabonelela ngokugqwesa uzinzo lwe-thermal kwaye ziyaxhathisa kwi-demagnetization, zizenza zilungele usetyenziso olunomhlaba oguqukayo wemagnethi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-iron cores elayitiweyo yenziwe ngamanqwanqwa amancinci omgangatho ophezulu wentsimbi yombane, ehlanganiswe kunye ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko yamandla ngenxa ye-eddy currents kunye ne-hysteresis. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa izicelo eziphantsi-frequency, ezifana nabaguquli bamandla kunye nokusabalalisa ukusabalalisa. Iintsimbi zentsimbi ezilayitiweyo zibonelela ngokugqithiseka kwamagnetic aphezulu kunye nelahleko ephantsi, izenza zilungele izicelo apho ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphathwa kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu.

Inzuzo ephambili yeentsimbi zentsimbi elaminated ixhomekeke ekukwazini ukuphatha amanqanaba aphezulu ombane kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi kwe-frequency, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokusasazwa kwamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa. Banikezela ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo zamagnetic, kunye ne-hysteresis ephantsi kunye nelahleko yangoku ye-eddy, evumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kunye nelahleko encinci. Ngaphezu koko, ulwakhiwo lwabo olomeleleyo kunye namandla omatshini aphezulu abenza bafaneleke ukuphatha imisinga emikhulu kunye ne-voltages ngaphandle kokugcwala okanye ukufudumeza.

Ukongeza kwi-ferrite kunye ne-laminated iron cores, ezinye iindidi ze-transformer cores, ezifana ne-amorphous metal kunye ne-powdered iron cores, nazo zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezithile. Iintsimbi ze-amorphous zetsimbi zenziwe kwi-alloy non-crystalline alloy, ukubonelela ngelahleko ephantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu. Iintsimbi zentsimbi ezenziwe ngomgubo zenziwe ngamasuntswana e-ferromagnetic acinezelwe abe ngumbindi oqinileyo, onika amandla ombane aphezulu kunye nelahleko ephantsi ye-hysteresis. Ukukhethwa kohlobo oluphambili kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile ze-transformer, kubandakanywa ukuphindaphinda, ukulinganiswa kwamandla, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Iingqwalaselo zoyilo lweTransformer Cores

Uyilo lwesiseko se-transformer yinkalo ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwe-transformer, njengoko ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthembeka kwe-transformer. Izinto ezininzi eziphambili kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuyila ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingundoqo inokusingatha i-flux yamagnetic efunekayo kwaye ibonelele ngokugqithiswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo.

Enye yezona zinto ziphambili zokuqwalasela ii-cores ze-transformer kukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Izinto ezingundoqo kufuneka zibonise ukufikeleleka okuphezulu kwemagneti, i-hysteresis ephantsi, kunye nelahleko yangoku ye-eddy, kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo kwe-thermal. Intsimbi yombane ekumgangatho ophezulu iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiintsimbi zentsimbi ezilaminethiweyo, ezibonelela ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo zamagnetic kunye nokulahleka kwamandla aphantsi. Iintsimbi ze-Ferrite zenziwe kwikhompawundi ye-ceramic, enikezela ukuxhathisa umbane ophezulu kunye nelahleko ephantsi ye-eddy yangoku. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphambili kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile ze-transformer, kubandakanywa ukuphindaphinda, ukulinganiswa kwamandla, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ubume kunye nobukhulu be-transformer core nayo iyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo yoyilo, njengoko ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela yemagnethi eguquguqukayo kunye nokukwazi undoqo wokuphatha umbane owenziweyo. Ubume be-core, njenge-E-shaped, i-shaped, okanye i-C-shaped, inquma ubude bendlela yamagnetic kunye nokusabalalisa kwe-magnetic flux, echaphazela i-inductance ye-transformer kunye namandla okudlulisa amandla. Ubungakanani be-core bunqunywe ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo ofunekayo wamandla kunye nenani le-windings, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-core inokusingatha i-flux magnetic ngaphandle kokuhlutha okanye ukufudumala.

Inani lokujika kwii-windings lolunye ulwazelelo olubalulekileyo loyilo, njengoko luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla ombindi wokuphatha ukuqukuqela kwemagnethi kunye nokubonelela ngogqithiso lwamandla olona lufanelekileyo. Umlinganiselo wokujika phakathi kwe-windings yokuqala kunye neyesibini imisela umlinganiselo wokuguqulwa kwamandla ombane, okuphembelela uxinano lwemagnetic flux kunye nenqanaba lokuzalisa le-core. Ukuqwalasela ngokucophelela kufuneka kunikwe inani lokujika kunye nokuhanjiswa kwee-windings ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuthembeka kwe-transformer.

Iingqwalasela ze-Thermal nazo zibalulekile kuyilo olungundoqo lwe-transformer, njengoko undoqo kufuneka ukwazi ukukhupha ubushushu obuveliswa yimagnethi ngaphandle kokufudumeza. Iindlela zokupholisa ezifanelekileyo, ezifana ne-oyile okanye ukupholisa umoya, kufuneka zibandakanywe kuyilo olungundoqo ukuze kugcinwe amaqondo obushushu okusebenza kunye nokuthintela ukuthotywa kwe-thermal. Ukongezelela, i-insulation ye-core kunye nokukhuselwa kufuneka yenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze imelane noxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nombane olufunyenwe ngexesha lokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kwe-transformer.

Ngokubanzi, ukuqwalaselwa koyilo lwee-cores ze-transformer zininzi, kubandakanya ukukhethwa kwezinto, imilo, ubungakanani, umlinganiselo wokujika, kunye nolawulo lwe-thermal. Ngokuqwalasela ngokucophelela le miba ngexesha lenkqubo yokuyila, iinjineli zinokuqinisekisa ukuba i-transformer core inokusingatha i-flux yamagnetic efunekayo kunye nokuhambisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo, okubangelwa ngabaguquli abathembekileyo nabaphezulu.

Ukubaluleka kweMigoqo yoGuqulelo

Ingundoqo ye-transformer idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugqithiseni ngokufanelekileyo amandla ombane, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo yeteknoloji ye-transformer. Ikhono layo lokubonelela ngendlela ephantsi yokumelana ne-flux yamagnetic kunye nokusingatha ukuguquka kwemimandla yamagnetic eveliswa ngumbane oyintloko kubalulekile ekugqithiseni amandla okusebenzayo. Ngaphandle kondoqo oyilwe kakuhle nosebenza ngokufanelekileyo, iinguqu aziyi kukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo osisiseko wokutshintsha amandla ombane kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla.

Ukubaluleka kwee-cores ze-transformer kunabela kwimpembelelo yazo ekusebenzeni kwamandla kunye nomgangatho wamandla. Ii-cores eziyilwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye neelahleko ezisezantsi eziphantsi kunye nokugqithiswa kwamagnetic aphezulu negalelo ekunciphiseni ilahleko yamandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuhambisa umbane. Ukongezelela, ii-cores eziqulunqwe kakuhle ziqinisekisa ukuba amandla adlulisiweyo agcina umgangatho kunye nokunyaniseka kwawo, ngaphandle kokufumana ilahleko enkulu okanye ukuphazamiseka, okukhokelela ekunikezelweni kombane okuthembekileyo kunye nokuzinza.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuthembeka kunye nobude obude be-transformers kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kunye nokuqina kwee-cores zabo. Iinqununu zeTransformer ezikwaziyo ukusingatha i-magnetic flux elindelekileyo kwaye zisebenze ngaphakathi kwemigangatho yokushisa ekhuselekileyo igalelo kwixesha elide kunye nokuthembeka kwe-transformer. Iinqununu eziqulunqwe ngokufanelekileyo zikwanciphisa amathuba okuhluleka kwangaphambi kwexesha, ukunciphisa iimfuno zokugcina kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kunye nokungaphazanyiswa kwenkqubo yombane.

Ukubaluleka kwee-cores ze-transformer kukwanwenwela kwindima yazo ekuxhaseni inguqu ukuya kwigridi yombane ezinzileyo neyomelela ngakumbi. Ngokuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yamandla, ii-cores ze-transformer eziyilwe kakuhle zifaka isandla ekugcineni imithombo yamandla kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwee-cores ze-transformer kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxhaseni ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokufakelwa kombane wezothutho, okufaka isandla kwiziseko zombane ezizinzileyo nezizinzileyo.

Isishwankathelo, iinqununu ze-transformer zibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kweenguqu kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kwenkqubo yokusabalalisa umbane. Ukukwazi kwabo ukubonelela ngendlela yamagnetic yokuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla, kunye nokuxhasa ukuthembeka kunye nokuphila ixesha elide labaguquli kubenza babe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeziseko zombane zanamhlanje.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, ii-cores ze-transformer zisisiseko se-teknoloji ye-transformer, ebonelela ngendlela ebalulekileyo yamagnetic yokuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla ombane. Ukuyila kunye nokwakhiwa kwabo kuluncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okuthembekileyo nokusebenzayo, kunye nokugcina ukusebenza ngokubanzi kunye nokuphila ixesha elide labaguquli. Ngokuqwalasela ngokucophelela izinto ezinjengokukhethwa kwezinto, imilo, ubungakanani, kunye nokulawulwa kwe-thermal, iinjineli zinokuyila ii-cores ze-transformer ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo kunye negalelo kwinkqubo yokusabalalisa umbane ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuthembekileyo. Ukubaluleka kwee-cores ze-transformer ekuxhaseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, umgangatho wamandla, kunye nokomelela kwegridi akukwazi ukugqithiswa, kubenza babe yinto ebalulekileyo kwiziseko zombane zanamhlanje. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kwizinto kunye nobuchule bokuyila, ii-cores ze-transformer ziya kuqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva leenkqubo zamandla ombane.