Umhlahlandlela Wezinhlobo Zezinto Ezibalulekile Ze-Transformer: Ukuqonda Izakhiwo Nokusetshenziswa

Ama-Transformer ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi, asebenza njengemithombo yokudlulisa amandla kagesi phakathi kwamasekhethi ngenkathi egcina amazinga kagesi. Ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziyinhloko ze-transformer, uhlola izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungunjiniyela kagesi ongumakadebona, umshisekeli, noma othile ofisa ukwazi ukuthi ugesi ufika kanjani ekhaya lakho, ukuqonda lezi zinsiza kuzothuthukisa ukwazisa kwakho ngalezi zisetshenziswa ezibalulekile.

I-Silicon Steel Cores

Insimbi ye-silicon ngokungangabazeki iyinto eyinhloko ye-transformer evame kakhulu, eyaziwa ngokufinyelela kwayo kukazibuthe okuphezulu kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlamvu eziphansi. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi luvame ukuqukatha cishe i-silicon engu-3%, ithuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zokuvikela ugesi futhi inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Hysteresis kwenzeka lapho i-magnetization ye-core isala ngemuva kwenkundla kazibuthe, okuholela ekungasebenzini kahle.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-silicon steel ukusebenza kahle kwayo kwezindleko. Le nto ibhalansisa ukusebenza kanye nentengo, iyenze ifanele uhla olubanzi lwama-transformer, kusukela kulawo asetshenziswa kuma-electronics abathengi kuya kumayunithi amakhulu ezimboni. Okuhlukile okugxile okusanhlamvu kwensimbi ye-silicon, lapho izinhlamvu zensimbi ziqondaniswa phakathi nokukhiqizwa, kuthandwa kakhulu kuma-transformer. Lokhu kuqondanisa kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa lapho i-transformer isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zegridi kagesi.

Ama-silicone steel cores angatholakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-laminations namateyipu. Ama-Laminations abhekisela emashidini amancane apakishwe ukuze akhe umongo, kuyilapho amateyipu ehlanganisa ukusonga umucu oqhubekayo wensimbi ye-silicon ezungeze ifomu eliwumongo. Inqubo ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo, njengoba kulula ukushintsha ama-laminations uma kwenzeka umonakalo kanye namateyipu anikeza ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka okuphansi ngenxa yamalunga ambalwa.

Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi, insimbi ye-silicon ayinakho ukwehla kwayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingaba ngaphansi kokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy - imisinga edaleka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi eholela ekushabalaleni kwamandla njengokushisa. Ukunciphisa lokhu, abakhiqizi bavame ukumboza insimbi ngongqimba oluvikelayo futhi basebenzise amasu okwenza izendlalelo zibe mncane, banciphise izindlela zale misinga.

I-Amorphous Metal Cores

Ama-amorphous metal cores amelela enye indlela ethuthukisiwe ezintweni zendabuko njengensimbi ye-silicon. Lezi zinto ziqhayisa ukumelana nogesi okuphezulu kanye nokuncipha kokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy, ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo se-athomu esiphazamisekile. Ngokungafani ne-crystalline materials, izinsimbi ze-amorphous azinayo i-lattice evamile ephindaphindayo, ekhawulela ngokwemvelo ukwakheka kwezizinda kazibuthe ezinomthelela ekulahlekeni kwamandla.

Izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele zezinsimbi ze-amorphous zivela enqubweni yokupholisa okusheshayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-quenching, eqanda ukwakheka kwe-athomu ephazamisekile endaweni. Ama-cores avelayo abonisa ukusebenza kahle okumangalisayo, okuwenza afanelekele ama-transformer asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokusebenza lapho ukongiwa kwamandla kubalulekile.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yama-amorphous metal cores yi-high saturation magnetization. Lesi sakhiwo sibavumela ukuthi basebenze ngokuphumelelayo ekuxinekeni okuphezulu kukakazibuthe, okuhunyushwa emandleni okuphatha imithwalo emikhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla. Zifaneleka ngokukhethekile izicelo zamandla avuselelekayo, lapho ukusebenza kahle kubaluleke kakhulu.

Nokho, izinsimbi ze-amorphous azinazo izinselele. Inqubo yabo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyabiza uma iqhathaniswa nezinto zendabuko. Ukuqina kwezinsimbi ze-amorphous kubangela ubunzima obengeziwe ekuphatheni nasekwakheni ama-cores. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zokusebenza kahle nokonga amandla okungenzeka kwenza ama-amorphous metal cores abe inketho ekhangayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokucabanga phambili.

Izinhlobo ze-Ferrite

Ama-Ferrite cores ama-ceramic compounds ahlanganiswe ne-iron oxide exutshwe nezinto zensimbi njenge-nickel, i-zinc, noma i-manganese. Lezi zinto ziyaziwa kabanzi ngenxa yokungena kwazo kazibuthe okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka kagesi okuphansi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwamanje kwe-eddy. Izakhiwo zabo zibenza bazuze ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kumafrikhwensi aphezulu.

Esinye sezici ezivelele zama-ferrite cores imvelo yawo engasindi ehlanganiswe nezakhiwo ezihlukile kazibuthe. Lezi zimfanelo zenza ama-ferrite alungele ama-transformer kwezokuxhumana, izinhlelo zokusebenza zefrikhwensi yomsakazo (RF), kanye nokucindezelwa kwe-electromagnetic interference (EMI). Zivame ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi lapho ukwenza kancane ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kubalulekile.

Ama-Ferrite cores angabunjwa abe yizimo ezihlukahlukene, njengama-toroids, ama-E-cores, nama-rods, okuvumela ukuhlukahluka ekuklanyeni nasekusetshenzisweni. I-extrusion noma izinqubo zokucindezela kanye ne-sintering ezisetshenziswa ekubumbeni ama-ferrite cores zinika amandla ubukhulu obunembile kanye nezakhiwo ezifanayo kazibuthe.

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zabo, ama-ferrite cores anemikhawulo. Aqinile futhi angaphuka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka komshini. Ukwengeza, ukusebenza kwabo kungehlisa izinga lokushisa eliseduze ne-Curie, iphuzu lapho belahlekelwa khona izici zabo kazibuthe. Ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezimo zokusebenza kuyadingeka lapho ukhetha ama-ferrite cores wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

I-Nano-Crystalline Cores

Ama-Nano-crystalline cores ayingxenye yegagasi lakamuva lokuqanjwa kwe-transformer core material. Lawa ma-cores akhiwe ngezinhlamvu ezinosayizi we-nanometer, ahlinzeka ngezinto ezizibuthe eziphakeme, okufaka ukufinyeleleka okuphezulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okuyisisekelo okuphansi kulo lonke ibanga elibanzi. Ubuchwepheshe obusemuva kwezinto ze-nano-crystalline bunikeza inhlanganisela ekhangayo yokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Esinye sezici ezichazayo ze-nano-crystalline cores ukuzinza kwazo okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Nakuba izinto zendabuko zingase zihlupheke ngenxa yokwehliswa kokusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma aphansi, ama-nano-crystalline cores agcina izakhiwo zawo phezu kwebanga lokushisa elibanzi. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele izindawo ezifunayo lapho ukusebenza okungaguquki kubalulekile.

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-nano-crystalline cores kuhilela izinqubo zokwelashwa kokushisa ezikhuthaza ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu ezinosayizi we-nanometer kusuka ku-amorphous precursor. Le nqubo ikhiqiza ama-cores anezakhiwo ezinhle, ezifanayo, okuvumela ukulawula okuningiliziwe phezu kwezakhiwo zawo kazibuthe.

Izimboni ezifana nobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, ezezimoto, namandla avuselelekayo zamukela ama-nano-crystalline cores ngokusebenza kwawo kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngosayizi abahlangene. Lawa makhora okusebenza kahle kumafrikhwensi ahlukahlukene kanye nezimo zokulayisha awenza aguquguquke ngokwedlulele.

Noma kunjalo, izindleko zokukhiqiza ama-nano-crystalline cores zihlala ziyisithiyo. Amasu athuthukile adingekayo ukuze akhiqizwe anomthelela eqophelweni eliphezulu lentengo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zendabuko. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zithuthuka, kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zindleko zizokwehla, okwenza ama-nano-crystalline cores afinyeleleke kalula ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi.

I-Powder Iron Cores

Ama-iron cores ayimpuphu agqama ngenxa yekhono lawo lokugcina amandla nokuphatha amazinga okugcwala ngendlela efanele. Zakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa insimbi eyimpuphu nesibophelelo bese uyicindezela ibe sesimweni oyifunayo, lawa ma cores aziwa ngokwethembeka kwawo kanye nokwenza kalula. Izakhiwo zabo zibenza babe usizo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho ukugcinwa kwamandla nokusebenza okungaguquki kubalulekile.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zama-cores ensimbi eyimpushana ukuhambisana kwawo ku-curve magnetization, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okubikezelwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zomthwalo. Lesi sici saziwa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-inductor, lapho kubalulekile ukugcina i-inductance engashintshi phezu kobubanzi bemithwalo yamanje.

Ama-iron cores abonisa ukuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal, enye inzuzo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandakanya amazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene. Angasetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AC ne-DC, abonise ukuguquguquka kwawo kuzo zonke izinhlelo zikagesi ezihlukene. Ikhono le-iron powder lokusingatha ukuminyana okuphezulu kunezinye izinto zengeza ekuthandeni kwayo.

Kodwa-ke, ama-iron cores ayimpuphu awagomekile ezinkingeni. Ngokuvamile abonisa ukulahlekelwa okuyinhloko okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezifana ne-ferrite. Lokhu kubenza bangalungeli kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zemvamisa ephezulu, lapho ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu. Naphezu kwalokhu, ukusebenza kwawo okuqinile kumaza aphansi nangaphansi kwezimo ezishisayo ezihlukahlukene kuwenza abe into yokuya ezintweni ezithile zikagesi.

Sengiphetha, izinto ze-transformer core zinikeza i-spectrum ekhangayo yezakhiwo kanye nezicelo. Kusukela ku-silicon steel evame ukusetshenziswa kuya kuma-nano-crystalline cores asezingeni eliphezulu, into ngayinye inikezela ngezidingo ezithile emhlabeni kagesi. Insimbi ye-Silicon inikeza isisombululo esingabizi ngokusebenza kahle, kuyilapho izinsimbi ze-amorphous kanye nama-nano-crystalline cores ecindezela imingcele yokusebenza nokusebenza kahle. Ama-Ferrite cores abhekelela izinhlelo zokusebenza zemvamisa ephezulu nokulahlekelwa okuncane, futhi ama-iron cores ayimpuphu anikeza ukwethembeka nokuguquguquka kokugcinwa kwamandla kanye nezimo zokushisa eziguquguqukayo.

Ukuqonda lezi zinsiza kusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho uklama noma ukhetha ama-transformer, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, kungenzeka ukuthi sizobona izinto eziyisisekelo ezintsha zivela, zithuthukisa amakhono nokusebenza kahle kwama-transformer emikhakheni eyahlukene.